Mandible exosomal ssc-mir-133b regulates tooth development in miniature swine via endogenous apoptosis

Signal transduction between different organs is crucial in the normal development of the human body. As an important medium for signal communication, exosomes can transfer important information, such as microRNAs(miRNAs), from donors to receptors.MiRNAs are known to fine-tune a variety of biological processes, including maxillofacial development; however, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. In the present study, transient apoptosis was found to be due to the expression of a miniature swine maxillofacial-specific miRNA, ssc-mir-133b. Upregulation of ssc-mir-133b resulted in robust apoptosis in primary dental mesenchymal cells in the maxillofacial region. Cell leukemia myeloid 1(Mcl-1) was verified as the functional target, which triggered further downstream activation of endogenous mitochondria-related apoptotic processes during tooth development.More importantly, mandible exosomes were responsible for the initial apoptosis signal. An animal study demonstrated that ectopic expression of ssc-mir-133 b resulted in failed tooth formation after 12 weeks of subcutaneous transplantation in nude mice. The tooth germ developed abnormally without the indispensable exosomal signals from the mandible.

Effects of ferrites on magnetic transport properties in La_(2/3)Sr_(1/3)MnO_3/ferrites composites

Effects of soft-magnetic MnZn ferrite （Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4, MZF） and hard-magnetic Ba ferrite （BaO.6Fe2O3, BaM） on the structure and magnetic transport properties of [La2/3Srl/3MnO3] （LSMO）/（x） [ferrites] （ferrites=MZF, BaM） composites have been investigated. It was found that the inclusion of MZF phase reduces magnetization and ferromagnetic-paramagnetic transition temperature （To） of the composites. With increasing the content of the dopants, the high-temperature magnetoresistance （MR） decreases, whereas low-temperature MR increases and reaches 42% at 150 K and x=0.1. However, for the LSMO/BaM composites, magnetization and ferromagneticparamagnetic transition temperature （To） decrease firstly as x〈5%, and then increase as x〉5%. The resistivity of the composites increases by five orders of magnitude at x=1% and is out of measured range at x=5%. High magnetic field has little effect on the resistivity and magnetoresistance originate from the pinning effect of BaM for the composites with x〉5%, which may grains.

Comparison between Top and Bottom NiO-pinning Spin Valves: Effect of Interfacial Roughness on Specular Reflection

Top and bottom NiO-pinning spin valves of Si/Ta/NiO/Co/Cu/Co/Ta and Si/Ta/Co/Cu/Co/NiO/Ta were prepared by magnetron sputtering, and X-ray diffraction and giant magnetoresistance （GMR） ratio were measured in the temperature range from 5 to 300 K. For the bottom spin valve, the interracial roughness at NiO/Co is much smaller than that of Co/NiO in the top one. The Co/Cu and Cu/Co interfaces have the same roughness in the bottom and the top spin valves. NiO, Co, and Cu layers have （111） preferred orientations in the top one and random orientations in the bottom one. The GMR ratio of the bottom spin valve is larger than that of the top one at all temperatures and their difference increases with decreasing temperature.

Inorganic nitrate alleviates the senescence-related decline in liver function

Senescence-related decline in liver function is a common complication in the elderly that can lead to impaired health in older individuals.Dietary nitrate supplements have physiological and therapeutic effects on organ function by nitrate(NO_3^-)-nitrite(NO_2^-)-nitric oxide(NO)pathway.However,the role of dietary nitrate on the senescence-related decline in liver function is unclear.The findings of the present study showed that nitrate levels in the serum and liver decreased,whereas the levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)in serum increased in ageing mice.Consistently,cell senescence,decreased glycogen levels and increased lipid deposition were found in the liver of aged mice,both glucokinase(GCK)and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase(PCK)were down-regulated(n=10).Daily nitrate intake(0.5 mmol L^(-1))restored nitrate levels,decreased ALT and AST levels,and prevented cell senescence and structural and glucose and lipid metabolism degeneration in liver tissue both in D-galactose(D-gal)-induced ageing mice(n=10)and in natural aged mice(n=10).In conclusion,the present study demonstrated that the reduction of nitrate levels was correlated with liver degeneration in ageing individuals and that dietary supplement of nitrate could restore the nitrate levels in serum and the liver and prevent ageing-related liver degeneration.

Frequency Control at the Power Sending Side for HVDC Asynchronous Interconnections Between Yunnan Power Grid and the Rest of CSG

For a large-scale high voltage direct current (HVDC)asynchronous interconnected power grid, the frequency issue atthe power sending side under DC faults is a crucial problem.To solve this problem, based on rotor motion equations, theeffect of unbalanced power on the system frequency under DCfaults is analyzed. The characteristics and dynamic developmentprocess of frequencies after the injection of disturbances areanalyzed. In addition, the actions and coordinated strategies ofvarious frequency control measures are also investigated. Basedon the testing projects of an asynchronous interconnection in theChina Southern Power Grid (CSG), the frequency features arestudied according to the measured PMU data. The outcome showsthat the frequency problem of the Yunnan Power Grid after anasynchronous interconnection can be solved and controlled. Italso shows that the frequency limit control (FLC) is importantfor the frequency regulation of large scale HVDC asynchronousinterconnected DC power grids. As demonstrated, DC FLC caneffectively suppress the deviation of the transient frequency.However, reasonable frequency regulation parameters shouldbe set and other area frequency control measures should becoordinated to maintain the frequency stability of the system.

Optical spectroscopy study of Ca_3(Ru_(0.91)Mn_(0.09))_2O_7 single crystal in high magnetic fields

The magneto-optical spectrum, with magnetic fields up to 42 T, of double layered ruthenates Ca_3(Ru_(0.91)Mn_(0.09))_2O_7(CRMO) single crystal is studied. Both the temperature and magnetic field induced insulator-to-metal transitions(IMTs) are observed via magneto-optical properties of the crystal. The critical magnetic field(H//c) of IMT for CRMO is found to be as large as 35 T at 5 K. The fine structure of optical spectra identified the antiferromagnetic/ferro-orbital-ordering configurations of Ru 4d orbitals at low temperatures. Meanwhile, the configuration of orbital polarization of such double-layer CRMO single crystal is discussed. These results suggest that the orbital degree of freedom plays an important role in the field induced IMT of multi-orbital system.

Photo-degradation organic dyes by Sb-based organic-inorganic hybrid ferroelectrics

The organic-inorganic hybrid halide compounds have emerged as one of the most promising photoelectric material for their superior optoelectronic properties and hold great prospects for renewable energy substitutes and environmental protection as photocatalysis.Here,we report the optical properties of the Sb-based organic-inorganic hybrid ferroelectric materials:pyridine-4-aminium tetrachloroantimonate((C_(5)H_(7)N_(2))SbCl_(4),sample 1),piperidin-1-aminium tetrachloroantimonate((C_(5)H_(13)N_(2))SbCl_(4),sample 2)and tris(trimethylammonium)nonachlorodiantimonate(((CH_(3))_(3)NH)_(3)Sb_(2)Cl_(9),sample 3),which are a kind of exploited efficient photocatalysts.Samples 2 and 3 exhibit distinct photoelectric respond,which are mainly ascribed to their minor narrow band-gap compared with sample 1.For the ferroelectrics,the intrinsic of spontaneous polarization of sample 3 at room temperature is favourable for the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes within the photorespond process.Moreover,sample 3 shows the highest efficiency of photo-decomposed Rhodamine B(90.2%within 80 min)and Methyl Orange(MO)(97.4%within 50 min),thanks to the photo-excited electrons and holes promoting the formation of oxidative radical species during the photo-redox progress.These findings prove that the development of a novel Sbbased organic-inorganic hybrid halide compounds with good stability in the degradation of organic dyes paves a way to designing new photocatalyst.