Cylinder-crown integrated hydraulic press( CCIHP) is a new press structure. The hemispherical hydraulic cylinder also functions as a main portion of crown,which has lower weight and higher section modulus compared wit...Cylinder-crown integrated hydraulic press( CCIHP) is a new press structure. The hemispherical hydraulic cylinder also functions as a main portion of crown,which has lower weight and higher section modulus compared with the conventional hydraulic cylinder and press crown. In order to design cylinder-crown integrated hydraulic press with large capacity, the theoretical design of hemispherical hydraulic cylinder was first proposed,and the structural parameters of 150 MN CCIHP were listed. Then the simulation was carried out to analyze the stress and deformation of CCIHP,and weight comparison was conducted between CCIHP and conventional press. It is shown that the weight reduction for hydraulic cylinder and press crown is about 20% compared with that for conventional press,and the stress and deformation are both within the range of constraints including strength and stiffness conditions. It is possible to manufacture cylinder-crown integrated hydraulic press with large capacity.展开更多
The influence of loading path on tube hydroforming process is discussed in this paper with finiteelement simulation. Four different loading paths are utilized in simulating the forming process of square tubular compon...The influence of loading path on tube hydroforming process is discussed in this paper with finiteelement simulation. Four different loading paths are utilized in simulating the forming process of square tubular component with hydroforming and the result of different loading path is presented. Among the result. the thickness distribution of bilinear loading path is the most uniform one. It shows that the increase of punch displacement in the stage of high pressure is beneficial to the forming of component for optimized Stress condition.展开更多
Hepatitis B virus(HBV)can cause chronic hepatitis B,which may lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer.Type I interferon(IFN)is an approved drug for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.However,the fundamental mechanisms of...Hepatitis B virus(HBV)can cause chronic hepatitis B,which may lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer.Type I interferon(IFN)is an approved drug for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.However,the fundamental mechanisms of antiviral action by type I IFN and the downstream signaling pathway are unclear.TRIM25 is an IFN-stimulated gene(ISG)that has an important role in RIG-I ubiquitination and activation.Whether TRIM25 is induced in liver cells by type I IFN to mediate anti-HBV function remains unclear.Here we report that interleukin-27(IL-27)has a critical role in IFN-induced TRIM25 upregulation.TRIM25 induction requires both STAT1 and STAT3.In TRIM25 knockout HepG2 cells,type I IFN production was consistently attenuated and HBV replication was increased,whereas overexpression of TRIM25 in HepG2 cells resulted in elevated IFN production and reduced HBV replication.More interestingly,we found that TRIM25 expression was downregulated in HBV patients and the addition of serum samples from HBV patients could inhibit TRIM25 expression in HepG2 cells,suggesting that HBV might have involved a mechanism to inhibit antiviral ISG expression and induce IFN resistance.Collectively,our results demonstrate that type I IFN-induced TRIM25 is an important factor in inhibiting HBV replication,and the IFN-IL-27-TRIM25 axis may represent a new target for treating HBV infection.展开更多
This paper investigates the effects of trade barriers on China s participation in the global value chain(GVC)using a thorough decomposition approach for trade volume,total exports,final exports and intermediate export...This paper investigates the effects of trade barriers on China s participation in the global value chain(GVC)using a thorough decomposition approach for trade volume,total exports,final exports and intermediate exports.Our econometric results indicate that anti-dumping(AD)measures initiated by trade partners have restrained the process of China s participation in the GVC.From 2000 to 2014,AD measures reduced the foreign value-added rate of total,final and intermediate exports by 4.5 to 28.7 percent,3.4 to 17 percent and 1.2 to 8.5 percent,respectively.In addition,suffering the effects of AD measures,China s GVC position index declined by 8.2 percent to 28.6 percent during this period.Moreover,AD measures have increased industries'upstream index by 3.2 to 13.7 percent over the same period.These results imply that both the petition and approval of AD cases has had a negative influence on the extent and position of China s GVC participation.展开更多
This paper offers a comprehensive analysis of the reasons for the large number of trade remedy actions taken against China. Using a multi-country and multi-industry dataset, the present paper shows that the macroecono...This paper offers a comprehensive analysis of the reasons for the large number of trade remedy actions taken against China. Using a multi-country and multi-industry dataset, the present paper shows that the macroeconomic situation of China's partners has a great influence on the probability of trade frictions arising with China. Moreover, the more powerful the industry is, the more likely it is to take trade remedy actions against China. The empirical results reveal that China has been hurt under the operating mechanism of the WTO, and the number of free trade agreements is negatively related to the initiation and approval of trade remedy actions. Basically, the determinants for countervailing and double remedy measures are identical, while they are different from determinants of antidumping measures. Accordingly, strengthening communication with trade partners will alleviate friction between China and its trade partners. Meanwhile, making use of foreign lobbies power, actively integrating into the international trading system and participating in regional trade agreements are effective ways for China to deal with the "new normal" of trade frictions.展开更多
Performing mobile k nearest neighbor (MkNN) queries whilst also being mobile is a challenging problem. All the mobile objects issuing queries and/or being queried are mobile. The performance of this kind of query re...Performing mobile k nearest neighbor (MkNN) queries whilst also being mobile is a challenging problem. All the mobile objects issuing queries and/or being queried are mobile. The performance of this kind of query relies heav- ily on the maintenance of the current locations of the objects. The index used for mobile objects must support efficient up- date operations and efficient query handling. This study aims to improve the performance of the MkNN queries while re- ducing update costs. Our approach is based on an observa- tion that the frequency of one region changing between being occupied or not by mobile objects is much lower than the frequency of the position changes reported by the mobile ob- jects. We first propose an virtual grid quadtree with Voronoi diagram (VGQ-Vor), which is a two-layer index structure that indexes regions occupied by mobile objects in a quadtree and builds a Voronoi diagram of the regions. Then we propose a moving k nearest neighbor (kNN) query algorithm on the VGQ-Vor and prove the correctness of the algorithm. The ex- perimental results show that the VGQ-Vor outperforms the existing techniques (Bx-tree, Bdual-tree) by one to three or- ders of magnitude in most cases.展开更多
To the Editor:Hemimasticatory spasm(HMS)is a relatively rare type of unilateral trigeminal nerve(TN)motor branch dysfunction,whose pathogenesis is currently unknown.The clinical manifestations of HMS are involuntary p...To the Editor:Hemimasticatory spasm(HMS)is a relatively rare type of unilateral trigeminal nerve(TN)motor branch dysfunction,whose pathogenesis is currently unknown.The clinical manifestations of HMS are involuntary paroxysmal convulsions of the muscles innervated by the associated unilateral trigeminal motor branch.Recently,the academic community has proposed two etiologies for HMS:TN compression and central lesion theory.[1]Clinically,HMS must be distinguished from oromandibular dystonia,facial muscle spasm,multiple sclerosis pain spasm,and focal epilepsy.Generally,electromyography(EMG)can confirm the diagnosis.The current outcomes of multidrug and botulinum toxin injection treatments remain unsatisfactory.Only patients with cranial neurovascular conflicts have an excellent response to microvascular decompression(MVD)surgery.展开更多
This study explored how the risks encountered by Chinese state-owned enterprises(SOEs)affected their decision-making on outward foreign direct investment(OFDI),using data regarding the relationship between the host co...This study explored how the risks encountered by Chinese state-owned enterprises(SOEs)affected their decision-making on outward foreign direct investment(OFDI),using data regarding the relationship between the host countries and China.The following conclusions were drawn.Larger SOEs with fixed capital exhibited a higher probability of conducting OFDI and did so on a larger scale.Various risks in host countries significantly hindered the OFDI of Chinese SOEs.In pursuit of natural resources,Chinese SOEs chose to take risks.The amount of OFDI by SOEs was positively related to the political,economic,and geographical relations between China and the corresponding hostcountry.展开更多
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation under grant No.59975021,which was gratefully acknowledged.At the same time,the author also thanks Prof.P.Zeng of Tsinghua University for his kind assistance which is also indispensble in the accomplishment of this paper.
基金Sponsored by the High-end CNC Machine Tools and Basic Manufacturing Equipment Technology Major Project(Grant No.2011ZX04001-011)
文摘Cylinder-crown integrated hydraulic press( CCIHP) is a new press structure. The hemispherical hydraulic cylinder also functions as a main portion of crown,which has lower weight and higher section modulus compared with the conventional hydraulic cylinder and press crown. In order to design cylinder-crown integrated hydraulic press with large capacity, the theoretical design of hemispherical hydraulic cylinder was first proposed,and the structural parameters of 150 MN CCIHP were listed. Then the simulation was carried out to analyze the stress and deformation of CCIHP,and weight comparison was conducted between CCIHP and conventional press. It is shown that the weight reduction for hydraulic cylinder and press crown is about 20% compared with that for conventional press,and the stress and deformation are both within the range of constraints including strength and stiffness conditions. It is possible to manufacture cylinder-crown integrated hydraulic press with large capacity.
基金Tabs paper is financially suPPorted by the NationalNatural Science Foundation of China (No. 59975021).
文摘The influence of loading path on tube hydroforming process is discussed in this paper with finiteelement simulation. Four different loading paths are utilized in simulating the forming process of square tubular component with hydroforming and the result of different loading path is presented. Among the result. the thickness distribution of bilinear loading path is the most uniform one. It shows that the increase of punch displacement in the stage of high pressure is beneficial to the forming of component for optimized Stress condition.
基金This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation, China, Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Department of the Youth Fund Project, and Jilin University Bethune training program (grant no. 81401290, 20160520161JH, 470110000456 to GT)CAMS Initiative for Innovative Medicine (no. CAMS-I2M) to FXQ and GC.
文摘Hepatitis B virus(HBV)can cause chronic hepatitis B,which may lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer.Type I interferon(IFN)is an approved drug for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.However,the fundamental mechanisms of antiviral action by type I IFN and the downstream signaling pathway are unclear.TRIM25 is an IFN-stimulated gene(ISG)that has an important role in RIG-I ubiquitination and activation.Whether TRIM25 is induced in liver cells by type I IFN to mediate anti-HBV function remains unclear.Here we report that interleukin-27(IL-27)has a critical role in IFN-induced TRIM25 upregulation.TRIM25 induction requires both STAT1 and STAT3.In TRIM25 knockout HepG2 cells,type I IFN production was consistently attenuated and HBV replication was increased,whereas overexpression of TRIM25 in HepG2 cells resulted in elevated IFN production and reduced HBV replication.More interestingly,we found that TRIM25 expression was downregulated in HBV patients and the addition of serum samples from HBV patients could inhibit TRIM25 expression in HepG2 cells,suggesting that HBV might have involved a mechanism to inhibit antiviral ISG expression and induce IFN resistance.Collectively,our results demonstrate that type I IFN-induced TRIM25 is an important factor in inhibiting HBV replication,and the IFN-IL-27-TRIM25 axis may represent a new target for treating HBV infection.
基金the National Social Science Fund of China(No.17ZDA097)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.71673280 and 71873031).
文摘This paper investigates the effects of trade barriers on China s participation in the global value chain(GVC)using a thorough decomposition approach for trade volume,total exports,final exports and intermediate exports.Our econometric results indicate that anti-dumping(AD)measures initiated by trade partners have restrained the process of China s participation in the GVC.From 2000 to 2014,AD measures reduced the foreign value-added rate of total,final and intermediate exports by 4.5 to 28.7 percent,3.4 to 17 percent and 1.2 to 8.5 percent,respectively.In addition,suffering the effects of AD measures,China s GVC position index declined by 8.2 percent to 28.6 percent during this period.Moreover,AD measures have increased industries'upstream index by 3.2 to 13.7 percent over the same period.These results imply that both the petition and approval of AD cases has had a negative influence on the extent and position of China s GVC participation.
基金The study was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and the Research Funds of Renmin University of China (13XN1006), National Natural Science Foundation of China (71473254, 71673280), Beijing Social Science Foundation (15JGB080) and Youth Talents Project of Beijing Federation of Social Science Circles (2014SKL012). The authors are grateful for support provided from the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 9122005).
文摘This paper offers a comprehensive analysis of the reasons for the large number of trade remedy actions taken against China. Using a multi-country and multi-industry dataset, the present paper shows that the macroeconomic situation of China's partners has a great influence on the probability of trade frictions arising with China. Moreover, the more powerful the industry is, the more likely it is to take trade remedy actions against China. The empirical results reveal that China has been hurt under the operating mechanism of the WTO, and the number of free trade agreements is negatively related to the initiation and approval of trade remedy actions. Basically, the determinants for countervailing and double remedy measures are identical, while they are different from determinants of antidumping measures. Accordingly, strengthening communication with trade partners will alleviate friction between China and its trade partners. Meanwhile, making use of foreign lobbies power, actively integrating into the international trading system and participating in regional trade agreements are effective ways for China to deal with the "new normal" of trade frictions.
文摘Performing mobile k nearest neighbor (MkNN) queries whilst also being mobile is a challenging problem. All the mobile objects issuing queries and/or being queried are mobile. The performance of this kind of query relies heav- ily on the maintenance of the current locations of the objects. The index used for mobile objects must support efficient up- date operations and efficient query handling. This study aims to improve the performance of the MkNN queries while re- ducing update costs. Our approach is based on an observa- tion that the frequency of one region changing between being occupied or not by mobile objects is much lower than the frequency of the position changes reported by the mobile ob- jects. We first propose an virtual grid quadtree with Voronoi diagram (VGQ-Vor), which is a two-layer index structure that indexes regions occupied by mobile objects in a quadtree and builds a Voronoi diagram of the regions. Then we propose a moving k nearest neighbor (kNN) query algorithm on the VGQ-Vor and prove the correctness of the algorithm. The ex- perimental results show that the VGQ-Vor outperforms the existing techniques (Bx-tree, Bdual-tree) by one to three or- ders of magnitude in most cases.
文摘To the Editor:Hemimasticatory spasm(HMS)is a relatively rare type of unilateral trigeminal nerve(TN)motor branch dysfunction,whose pathogenesis is currently unknown.The clinical manifestations of HMS are involuntary paroxysmal convulsions of the muscles innervated by the associated unilateral trigeminal motor branch.Recently,the academic community has proposed two etiologies for HMS:TN compression and central lesion theory.[1]Clinically,HMS must be distinguished from oromandibular dystonia,facial muscle spasm,multiple sclerosis pain spasm,and focal epilepsy.Generally,electromyography(EMG)can confirm the diagnosis.The current outcomes of multidrug and botulinum toxin injection treatments remain unsatisfactory.Only patients with cranial neurovascular conflicts have an excellent response to microvascular decompression(MVD)surgery.
基金supported by the China Post-doctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M692967)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71673280).
文摘This study explored how the risks encountered by Chinese state-owned enterprises(SOEs)affected their decision-making on outward foreign direct investment(OFDI),using data regarding the relationship between the host countries and China.The following conclusions were drawn.Larger SOEs with fixed capital exhibited a higher probability of conducting OFDI and did so on a larger scale.Various risks in host countries significantly hindered the OFDI of Chinese SOEs.In pursuit of natural resources,Chinese SOEs chose to take risks.The amount of OFDI by SOEs was positively related to the political,economic,and geographical relations between China and the corresponding hostcountry.