Less pressure contributes to gravity-driven membrane ultrafiltration with greater performance:Enhanced driving efficiency and reduced disinfection by-products formation potential

Gravity-driven membrane(GDM)systems have been well developed previously;however,impacts of driving(i.e.,transmembrane)pressure on their performance received little attention,which may infuence GDM performance.In this study,we evaluated 4 GDM systems via altering the transmembrane pressure from 50 mbar to 150 mbar with 2 groups,treating surface water in Beijing,China.Results showed that less driving pressure was more favorable.Specifically,compared to groups(150 mbar),groups under a pressure of 50 mbar were found to have greater normalized permeability and lower total resistance.During the whole operation period,the quality of effuents was gradually improved.For example,the removal efficiency of UV254was significantly improved;particularly,under low driving pressure,the removal efficiency of UV254in PES GDM system increased by 11.91%,as compared to the corresponding system under high driving pressure.This observation was consistent with the reduction on disinfection by-products(DBPs)formation potential;groups under 50 mbar achieved better DBPs potential control,indicating the advantages of lower driving pressure.Biofilms were analyzed and responsible for these differences,and distinct distributions of bacteria communities of two GDM systems under 50 and 150 mbar may be responsible for various humic-like substances removal efficiency.Overall,GDM systems under less pressure should be considered and expected to provide suggestions on the design of GDM systems in real applications.

基于计划-实施-检查-确认的管理模式在住院药房药品调剂中的应用观察

目的:探究基于计划-实施-检查-确认的管理模式在住院药房药品调剂过程中的应用价值。方法:选取台山市中医院2020年1月至2021年12月药房药品调剂管理资料,2020年1-12月药房药品调剂管理采用常规方式(对照组),2021年1-12月药房药品调剂管理采用计划-实施-检查-确认的管理模式(研究组),观察两组管理模式的实施效果。结果:研究组第1季度、第2季度、第3季度、第4季度药房药品调剂差错率分别为0.91%、0.65%、0.54%、0.85%,均显著低于对照组的1.95%、1.32%、1.47%、1.91%(χ^(2)=4.72、8.05、17.83、4.73,均P<0.05);研究组数量差错、类型差错、药物禁忌、用法错误、其他差错分别为0.08%、0.12%、0.32%、0.10%、0.06%,均显著低于对照组的0.22%、0.33%、0.42%、0.38%、0.18%(χ^(2)=6.54、9.82、1.36、16.37、6.00,均P<0.05);研究组沟通能力、药师责任感、药物使用安全、管理效率、专业知识评分均显著高于对照组(t=15.68、9.51、8.72、9.67、7.11,均P<0.05)。结论:住院药房药品调剂过程中,采用计划-实施-检查-确认的管理模式,可显著降低药品调剂差错发生率,减少数量差错、类型差错、药物禁忌、用法错误等不良情况,同时对于提升住院药房管理质量有显著价值。

可见光辅助无光敏剂串联磺酰化-环化合成吲哚酮

吲哚酮类的衍生物在许多领域具有重要应用,这种特殊的杂环骨架以其独特的功能性在天然产物和生物活性分子中的应用越来越广泛.因此探索新型的吲哚酮衍生物的合成方法非常重要.报道了一种在可见光辅助下无光敏剂的磺酰化吲哚酮的高效合成方法.该方法从简单易得的N-芳基丙烯酰胺和芳基或烷基亚磺酸钠出发,使用廉价的K2S2O8作为氧化剂,具有中等至良好的产率及出色的官能团耐受性.