Deep Neural Network with Strip Pooling for Image Classification of Yarn-Dyed Plaid Fabrics

Historically,yarn-dyed plaid fabrics(YDPFs)have enjoyed enduring popularity with many rich plaid patterns,but production data are still classified and searched only according to production parameters.The process does not satisfy the visual needs of sample order production,fabric design,and stock management.This study produced an image dataset for YDPFs,collected from 10,661 fabric samples.The authors believe that the dataset will have significant utility in further research into YDPFs.Convolutional neural networks,such as VGG,ResNet,and DenseNet,with different hyperparameter groups,seemed themost promising tools for the study.This paper reports on the authors’exhaustive evaluation of the YDPF dataset.With an overall accuracy of 88.78%,CNNs proved to be effective in YDPF image classification.This was true even for the low accuracy of Windowpane fabrics,which often mistakenly includes the Prince ofWales pattern.Image classification of traditional patterns is also improved by utilizing the strip pooling model to extract local detail features and horizontal and vertical directions.The strip pooling model characterizes the horizontal and vertical crisscross patterns of YDPFs with considerable success.The proposed method using the strip pooling model(SPM)improves the classification performance on the YDPF dataset by 2.64%for ResNet18,by 3.66%for VGG16,and by 3.54%for DenseNet121.The results reveal that the SPM significantly improves YDPF classification accuracy and reduces the error rate of Windowpane patterns as well.

SnoRNP is essential for thermospermine-mediated development in Arabidopsis thaliana

Polyamines have been discovered for hundreds of years and once considered as a class of phytohormones.Polyamines play critical roles in a range of developmental processes.However,the molecular mechanisms of polyamine signaling pathways remain poorly understood.Here,we measured the contents of main types of polyamines,and found that endogenous level of thermospermine(T-Spm)in Arabidopsis thaliana is comparable to those of classic phytohormones and is significantly lower than those of putrescine(Put),spermidine(Spd),and spermine(Spm).We further found a nodule-like structure around the junction area connecting the shoot and root of the T-Spm biosynthetic mutant acl5 and obtained more than 50 suppressors of acl5 nodule structure(san)through suppressor screening.An in-depth study of two san suppressors revealed that NAP57 and NOP56,core components of box H/ACA and C/D snoRNPs,were essential for T-Spm-mediated nodule-like structure formation and plant height.Furthermore,analyses of rRNA modifications showed that the overall levels of pseudouridylation and 2′-O-methylation were compromised in san1 and san2 respectively.Taken together,these results establish a strong genetic relationship between rRNA modification and T-Spm-mediated growth and development,which was previously undiscovered in all organisms.

O-alg-THAM/gel hydrogels functionalized with engineered microspheres based on mesenchymal stem cell secretion recruit endogenous stem cells for cartilage repair

Lacking self-repair abilities,injuries to articular cartilage can lead to cartilage degeneration and ultimately result in osteoarthritis.Tissue engineering based on functional bioactive scaffolds are emerging as promising approaches for articular cartilage regeneration and repair.Although the use of cell-laden scaffolds prior to implantation can regenerate and repair cartilage lesions to some extent,these approaches are still restricted by limited cell sources,excessive costs,risks of disease transmission and complex manufacturing practices.Acellular approaches through the recruitment of endogenous cells offer great promise for in situ articular cartilage regeneration.In this study,we propose an endogenous stem cell recruitment strategy for cartilage repair.Based on an injectable,adhesive and self-healable o-alg-THAM/gel hydrogel system as scaffolds and a biophysio-enhanced bioactive microspheres engineered based on hBMSCs secretion during chondrogenic differentiation as bioactive supplement,the as proposed functional material effectively and specifically recruit endogenous stem cells for cartilage repair,providing new insights into in situ articular cartilage regeneration.

Microbial electrosynthesis of acetate from CO_(2)under hypersaline conditions

Microbial electrosynthesis(MES)enables the bioproduction of multicarbon compounds from CO_(2)using electricity as the driver.Although high salinity can improve the energetic performance of bioelectrochemical systems,acetogenic processes under elevated salinity are poorly known.Here MES under 35e60 g L^(-1)salinity was evaluated.Acetate production in two-chamber MES systems at 35 g L^(-1)salinity(seawater composition)gradually decreased within 60 days,both under-1.2 V cathode potential(vs.Ag/AgCl)and^(-1).56 A m^(-2)reductive current.Carbonate precipitation on cathodes(mostly CaCO3)likely declined the production through inhibiting CO_(2)supply,the direct electrode contact for acetogens and H2 production.Upon decreasing Ca2t and Mg2t levels in three-chamber reactors,acetate was stably produced over 137 days along with a low cathode apparent resistance at 1.9±0.6 mU m^(2)and an average production rate at 3.80±0.21 g m^(-2)d^(-1).Increasing the salinity step-wise from 35 to 60 g L^(-1)gave the most efficient acetate production at 40 g L^(-1)salinity with average rates of acetate production and CO_(2)consumption at 4.56±3.09 and 7.02±4.75 g m^(-2)d^(-1),respectively.The instantaneous coulombic efficiency for VFA averaged 55.1±31.4%.Acetate production dropped at higher salinity likely due to the inhibited CO_(2)dissolution and acetogenic metabolism.Acetobacterium up to 78%was enriched on cathodes as the main acetogen at 35 g L^(-1).Under high-salinity selection,96.5%Acetobacterium dominated on the cathode along with 34.0%Sphaerochaeta in catholyte.This research provides a first proof of concept that MES starting from CO_(2)reduction can be achieved at elevated salinity.

ARIG inhibition improves the prognosis of liver cancer through autophagy regulation and tumor immunity enhancement

Currently, the primary treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a comprehensive treatment based on surgery.1 In the case of advanced HCC that may not be removed surgically, additional issues, such as drug resistance and drug inefficacy with long-term use of chemotherapeutic drugs, highlight the pressing need for new treatment strategies.2 Autophagy plays an essential role in cellular physiology, which was reported to modulate components of the immune system.3 Autophagy-related immune genes (ARIGs) are linked to both autophagy and immunity. Here we identified histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), an ARIG strongly expressed in HCC, as a therapeutic target.4 Then valproic acid (VPA), a specific inhibitor of HDAC1,5 was used to treat liver cancer in vitro and in vivo. The results demonstrated that VPA could significantly induce autophagy and apoptosis of Hepa1-6 cells and inhibit tumor growth in vivo. This effect could be related to the regulation of autophagy and tumor immune microenvironment by VPA.

Energy transfer and 2 μm emission in Tm^(3+)/Ho^(3+) co-doped(Y_(0.87)La_(0.1)Zr_(0.03))_2O_3 nanopowders

（Y0.87La0.1Zr0.03）2O3 nanopowders doped with various concentrations of Tm^3＋ and Ho^3＋ were prepared by the citrate method. The standard cubic Y2O3 phase can be matched in the Tm^3＋/Ho^3＋ co-doped（Y0.87La0.1Zr0.03）2 O3 nanopowders. The nanopowders exhibit average particle sizes of 40,60, 80 and 100 nm after calcinated at 900,1000,1100 and 1200℃,respectively. The energy transfer from Tm^3＋ to Ho^3＋ and the optimum fluorescence emission around 2 μm were investigated. Results indicate that the emission bands at around 1.86 and 1.95 μm correspond to 3 F4→3 H6 transition of Tm^3＋ and 5 I7→5 I8 transition of Ho^3＋, respectively.Better spectral properties were achieved in Tm^3＋/Ho^3＋ co-doped（Y0.87La0.1Zr0.03）2O3 nanopowders with the average size of 100 nm obtained at the conditions of the treatment of precursors calcinated at 1200 ℃ for 2 h doped with 1.5 mol% Tm^3＋ and 1 mol% Ho^3＋.

300M高强钢大型构件全流程锻造变形机理及工艺研究进展

高强钢大型构件是国防工业和国民经济中高端装备的关键承力构件,其质量直接关系着高端装备的使用性能及服役安全.高强钢大型构件往往结构尺寸大、形状复杂,锻造成形过程中变形道次多,使得在变形过程中材料的软化机制多且复杂、温度分布差异大、流动行为难控,进而使得其形性协调难控制.因此,有必要开展高强钢大型构件锻造中的变形机理及工艺研究.本文综述了本团队联合中国第二重型机械集团德阳万航模锻有限责任公司(下文简称“二重万航”),围绕高强钢大型构件全流程锻造变形机理及工艺所做的研究工作.在机理方面,讨论了高强钢大型构件全流程锻造微观演化机制及宏微观建模与模拟.在工艺方面,讨论了材料热加工性能评估方法、毛坯-预锻件联合优化设计方法及局部控温控流工艺.在应用方面,介绍了二重万航基于上述理论指导及技术支持,实现不同机型起落架外筒及活塞杆成功研制实例,突破了大型构件整体模锻技术所面临的难题.最后对大型构件锻造机理及工艺进行了总结和展望.

纳米颗粒抑制肿瘤转移的研究进展

肿瘤转移已经成为癌症治愈的最大难题.由于传统手术难以完全清除原发灶,而且传统化疗给药效率低,使得未被完全清除的肿瘤通过上述两个阶段在远端形成转移灶.利用纳米颗粒则有望攻克这一难题.因为它能够在肿瘤部位有效富集、联合如光热治疗等其他疗法,有效抑制原发灶的增殖转移;同时它还能够捕获循环肿瘤细胞、富集于特定转移灶器官或淋巴结、抑制肿瘤(如:脑胶质瘤)的转移和复发.本文以功能性纳米颗粒为对象,总结了功能性纳米颗粒在不同肿瘤组织的富集策略,分析了功能性纳米颗粒清除原发灶的机制和方法,探讨了功能性纳米颗粒对抑制转移灶生长、扩散、复发的影响,最后从临床应用的角度对纳米颗粒的研究现状、未来前景以及面临的挑战进行了分析和展望.

全局敏感性分析在环境相关浓度除草剂混合效应识别中的应用

地表水中的除草剂混合物可能威胁水生生物安全.本研究基于危害商法初步评估我国太湖、辽河地表水中除草剂对初级生产者藻类的单一危害;使用基于Morris采样的全局敏感性分析方法,研究环境相关浓度下除草剂对斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)的复合效应.结果表明:太湖、辽河流域检出的39种除草剂中,共有14种除草剂的危害商值≥1,莠灭净和吡氟酰草胺排序最高;14种除草剂复合暴露的混合物总浓度不超过79μg/L,而引起斜生栅藻的最强生长抑制效应超过50%,混合毒性不容忽视;混合毒性效应是非线性的,去草净、苄嘧磺隆、阿特拉津、莠灭净是效应的重要贡献因子,灭草松对整体混合效应的贡献最小.基于Morris采样的全局敏感性分析可在有限样品中识别混合毒性效应的重要因子,为混合物的毒性效应纳入污染物风险评价提供技术支撑.

A readily monitored and controllable hydrothermal system for the facile,cost-effective transformation of FGD gypsum to calcium sulfate hemihydrate whiskers

The controllable transformation of flue gas desulfurization(FGD)gypsum to calcium sulfate hemihydrate(HH)whiskers under facile,readily monitored,and cost-effective hydrothermal conditions could play a vital role in the preparation of high quality HH whiskers and improve our understanding of the transformation process.This work assessed the conversion of FGD gypsum to HH whiskers in 5×10^(-4)mol/L H_(2)SO_(4)and 1.5 wt%CuCl_(2)at 120℃while determining the effects of temperature as well as H_(2)SO_(4)and CuCl_(2)concentrations on transformation kinetics.The preparation of HH whiskers was found to involve a solution-mediated transformation from the dihydrate(DH)to theα-HH.This transition was determined to proceed via a dissolution crystallization mechanism,the rate of which was controlled by nucleation and growth of the HH whiskers.An autocatalytic kinetic model was established based on variations in the HH whiskers mole fraction over time,and this model accurately fit the experimental data with R2=0.990.Increasing the temperature or H_(2)SO_(4)concentration accelerated the transformation by modifying the super-saturation and water activity in the reaction solution,while increasing the CuCl_(2)concentration had the opposite effect.The hydrothermal conditions had an important effect on the transformation from FGD gypsum to HH whiskers.

Structural characteristic and formation mechanism of hemihydrate calcium sulfate whiskers prepared using FGD gypsum

Hemihydrate calcium sulfate whiskers(HH-CSWs)were hydrothermally synthesized in a sulfuric acid solution at 120℃ for different holding times(20,40,and 60 min).The phase structures and morphologies were characterized by XRD and SEM,respectively.The XRD pattern of the sample under 60 min was refined via the Rietveld fitting method.The structure models of the HH-CSW sample under a 60-min holding time was established based on Rietveld fitting results.No difference in the positions of diffraction peaks was determined.The as-prepared holding time increased the intensity and aspect ratio of the diffraction peaks of both samples.In the prepared HH-CSW structure,Ca-O polyhedron is a 12-sided polyhedron similar to that in the gypsum structure;the Ca atom is located in two positions in the one-unit cell;the H_(2)O channel along the c-axis similar is O-shaped and bigger than that in hexagonal and monoclinic CaSO_(4)·0.5H_(2)O structures.Therefore,although the prepared HH-CSW crystals’structure are similar to that of the reported hexagonal and monoclinic CaSO_(4)·0.5H_(2)O structures,they are not the same.The formation mechanism of HH-CSW from flue gas desulfurization(FGD)gypsum is discussed based on the analysis of gypsum structure.

利用CRISPR-Cas9系统构建新型异戊酰螺旋霉素Ⅰ产生菌

异戊酰螺旋霉素(Isovalerylspiramycin,ISP)Ⅰ是必特螺旋霉素(Bitespiramycin,BT)的一种主组分,其抗菌活性与BT相似,而且作为单一组分在质控和剂型上更具优势,目前正在进行临床前研究。原有的 ISPⅠ工程菌株经过3次基因改造,已经具有2种抗性基因,很难再进行遗传操作。前期研究利用经典同源重组的方法无法构建无抗性的ISPⅠ产生菌,文中利用CRISPR-Cas9基因编辑系统在螺旋霉素(Spiramycin,SP)产生菌中成功将3位酰基化酶的基因bsm4替换为组成型强启动子ermEp~*控制下的异戊酰基转移酶基因(Isovaleryltansferase gene,ist)。删除bsm4后突变株只能产生SPⅠ组分,外源基因ist的表达产物催化SPⅠ在其4″位进行异戊酰化修饰形成ISPⅠ。经过HPLC和质谱鉴定,阳性菌株ΔEI的发酵产物中只有ISPⅠ一种ISP组分,证实新的ISPⅠ工程菌株构建成功。ΔEI菌株不带有抗性基因,可重复利用CRISPR-Cas9系统进行基因操作来获得新的改良菌株。

乳腺癌组织特异性治疗靶标MED（英文）

在这篇综述中,我们讨论了雌激素受体共激活子转录中介体亚基1(MED1)作为独特的组织特异性辅因子在乳腺癌干细胞形成、转移和治疗抗性中的关键作用。此外,我们详细介绍了目前使用最先进的RNA纳米技术靶标MED1的成果,并提出了未来的展望。

Transcriptional coactivator MED1 in the interface of anti-estrogen and anti-HER2 therapeutic resistance

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancer and leading causes of death in women in the United States and Worldwide.About 90%of breast cancers belong to ER+or HER2+subtypes and are driven by key breast cancer genes Estrogen Receptor and HER2,respectively.Despite the advances in anti-estrogen(endocrine)and anti-HER2 therapies for the treatment of these breast cancer subtypes,unwanted side effects,frequent recurrence and resistance to these treatments remain major clinical challenges.Recent studies have identified ER coactivator MED1 as a key mediator of ER functions and anti-estrogen treatment resistance.Interestingly,MED1 is also coamplified with HER2 and activated by the HER2 signaling cascade,and plays critical roles in HER2-mediated tumorigenesis and response to anti-HER2 treatment as well.Thus,MED1 represents a novel crosstalk point of the HER2 and ER pathways and a highly promising new therapeutic target for ER+and HER2+breast cancer treatment.In this review,we will discuss the recent progress on the role of this key ER/HER2 downstream effector MED1 in breast cancer therapy resistance and our development of an innovative RNA nanotechnology-based approach to target MED1 for potential future breast cancer therapy to overcome treatment resistance.

Dosimetry Study of High Dose Rate Flattening Filter-Free Radiation on the Protection of Lumbosacral Spine and Pelvic Bone Marrow

Objective This study aimed to analyze the dosimetric parameters of volumetric modulated arc therapy(VMAT) and dynamic multileaf collimator(DMLC) plans with lumbosacral spine(LS) and pelvic bone marrow(PBM) sparing in the flattening filter-free(FFF) model.Methods Thirty patients with cervical cancer were selected for analysis.For each patient,four plans with different strategies were generated:VMAT_FF,VMAT_FFF,DMLC_FF,and DMLC_FFF.Dose volumes for organs at risk,conformity index,heterogeneity index(HI),and total number of machine unit(MU) were compared by paired t-test.Result Compared with plans in the FF model,the irradiated dose to LS significantly decreased both VMAT_FFF and DMLC_FFF plans in the FFF model while the MU increased.The mean dose of LS decreased by 107.2 cGy(P<0.05) in the VMAT_FFF plan.In comparison with the VMAT plans in both models of FF and FFF,the DMLC plans reduced the dose volume of 10 Gy by 5.9%(P<0.05),and the mean dose of LS was 189.6-293.1 cGy.The PBM volume receiving 40 Gy showed a decrease of 0.5%-1.1%(P<0.05) as well.The HI increased in the VMAT plans by approximately 0.053 and 0.039.Conclusion The DMLC plans exhibited the best sparing of the PBM and LS in both FF and FFF models and increased the HI.The plans in the FFF model could limit the volume dose of LS but increase the MU.

Predicting Total Dwell Time of IPSA Plan Based on Machine Learning and Dose Calculation Models

Objective To establish two models based on machine learning and dose calculation algorithm that can be used for the prediction of the total dwell time and rapid quality control of brachytherapy plans.Methods A total of 1042 cases of treated gynecologic oncology patients were selected,of which 512 were used as training data to establish the model and the rest were used as test data.Each treatment plan optimized by inverse planning simulated annealing with all three catheters of the Fletcher applicator.The source strength Sk,prescription dose D,source dwell time t,and tumor volume V were recorded for each case.RV was defined as Sk·t/D.In accordance with the prescription dosage calculation formula in the planning system and machine learning method,the following equations were established:RV=kV2/3 and RV=a+b · V+c·V2.The R2 correlation coefficient represents the accuracy of the results.Result The dose calculation algorithm-based model is RV=1272×V2/3,R2=0.959,whereas the machine learning-based model is RV=258.8× V-0.359× V2+5110,R2=0.961.The treatment time prediction of the two models,each having 13 and 15 cases,respectively,has an error rate of more than10%,and the dose calculation algorithm-based method is more accurate.Conclusion The treatment time can be quickly predicted according to the planning target volume,and the two prediction models can be used as a way of quality control.