Through the analysis on the leaf color and photosynthetic characteristics of new strains and main cultivars of Rehmannia glutinosa,it is expected to provide theoretical basis for breeding of new varieties. Chlorophyll...Through the analysis on the leaf color and photosynthetic characteristics of new strains and main cultivars of Rehmannia glutinosa,it is expected to provide theoretical basis for breeding of new varieties. Chlorophyll,anthocyanin,and net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Cond),transpiration rate(Tr),and intercellular CO2concentration(Ci) in 8 varieties of Rehmannia glutinosa were measured by spectrophotometer and LI-6400 XT Portable Photosynthesis System. The results showed that the chlorophyll content of Huaidijin 8(2. 84 mg/g),Huaidi 81(2. 71 mg/g),Huaidi 85-5(2. 69 mg/g),Jinjiu(2. 66 mg/g) and Huaidi 83(2. 63 mg/g) was higher; the anthocyanin content of Jinjiu(0. 169) and Huaidijin 8(0. 165) was higher,while the anthocyanin content Huaidi 83(0. 060) was the lowest; Pn of Huaidi81[2. 41 μmol/(m2·s) ],Huaidi 83[2. 37 μmol/(m2·s) ]and Huaidijin 8[2. 25 μmol/(m2·s) ]was higher,and the anthocyanin content was positively correlated with Pn,while the anthocyanin content was negatively correlated with Pn; Huaidijin 8 and Huaidi 83 showed dominant advantages in single plant fresh weight,indicator component,and resistance over the main cultivars. This indicates that the new variety Huaidijin 8 and Huaidi 83 have excellent comprehensive traits and can be properly popularized.展开更多
Background:Physical activity has been hypothesized to play a protective role in neurodegenerative diseases.However,effect estimates previously derived from observational studies were prone to confounding or reverse ca...Background:Physical activity has been hypothesized to play a protective role in neurodegenerative diseases.However,effect estimates previously derived from observational studies were prone to confounding or reverse causation.Methods:We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis to explore the causal association of accelerometer-measured physical activity with 3 common neurodegenerative diseases:Alzheimer’s disease(AD),Parkinson’s disease(PD),and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS).We selected genetic instrumental variants reaching genome-wide significance(p<5×10^(-8))from 2 largest meta-analyses of about 91,100 UK Biobank participants.Summary statistics for AD,PD,and ALS were retrieved from the up-to-date studies in European ancestry led by the international consortia.The random-effect,inverse-variance weighted MR was employed as the primary method,while MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier(MR-PRESSO),weighted median,and MR-Egger were implemented as sensitivity tests.All statistical analyses were performed using the R programming language(Version 3.6.1;R Foundation for Statistical Computing,Vienna,Austria).Results:Primary MR analysis and replication analysis utilized 5 and 8 instrumental variables,which explained 0.2%and 0.4%variance in physical activity,respectively.In each set,one variant at 17q21 was significantly associated with PD,and MR sensitivity analyses indicated them it as an outlier and source of heterogeneity and pleiotropy.Primary results with the removal of outlier variants suggested odds ratios(ORs)of neurodegenerative diseases per unit increase in objectively measured physical activity were 1.52 for AD(95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.88-2.63,p=0.13)and 3.35 for PD(95%CI:1.32-8.48,p=0.01),while inconsistent results were shown in the replication set for AD(OR=1.06,95%CI:1.01-1.12,p=0.02)and PD(OR=0.99,95%CI:0.88-0.12,p=0.97).Similarly,the beneficial effect of physical activity on ALS(OR=0.51,95%CI:0.29-0.91,p=0.02)was not confirmed in the replication analysis(OR=0.96,95%CI:0.91-1.02,p=0.22).Conclusion:Genetically predicted physical activity was not robustly associated with risk of neurodegenerative disorders.Triangulating evidence across other studies is necessary in order to elucidate whether enhancing physical activity is an effective approach in preventing the onset of AD,PD,or ALS.展开更多
The airtightness defects in building components are mainly composed of thin air gaps caused by porous materials and assembly tolerances.Indoor and outdoor air leakage,as well as risks such as condensation and mold gro...The airtightness defects in building components are mainly composed of thin air gaps caused by porous materials and assembly tolerances.Indoor and outdoor air leakage,as well as risks such as condensation and mold growth in the structure,will result in significant heat loss.In this paper,a numerical model of heat,air and moisture transfer(commonly called HAM transfer)between the air channel and the porous material is proposed.The model adopts a single-domain modeling strategy without considering the migration coefficient of the interface.A benchmark experiment of the dilution buffer model is used to further validate the model,and the results indicate good consistency.The condensation risk of a two-dimensional complex building structural component in air infiltration and seepage scene was tested,and it was shown that the existence of air passage would prolong the time for the periodic equilibrium of water in the building structure and significantly change the temperature as well as the humidity distribution in the structure.In addition,the impact of an airtightness defect on the heat flux of the structure’s internal boundary was analyzed qualitatively,and it was found that the infiltration scene has a larger effect on heat loss than the seepage scene.展开更多
Deep coalbed methane exists in high-temperature and high-pressure reservoirs. To elucidate the dynamic-change laws of the deep coal reservoir porosity and permeability characteristics in the process of coalbed methane...Deep coalbed methane exists in high-temperature and high-pressure reservoirs. To elucidate the dynamic-change laws of the deep coal reservoir porosity and permeability characteristics in the process of coalbed methane production, based on three pieces of low- to medium-rank coal samples in the eastern Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, we analyse their mercury-injection pore structures. We measured the porosity and permeability of the coal samples at various temperatures and confining pressures by high-temperature and confining pressure testing. The results show that the porosity of a coal sample decreases exponentially with increasing effective stress. With increasing temperature, the initial porosity increases for two pieces of relatively low-rank coal samples. The increased rate of porosity decreases with increasing confining pressure. With increasing temperature, the initial porosity of a relatively high-rank coal sample decreases, and the rate of change of the porosity become faster. An exponential relationship exists between the porosity and permeability. With increasing coal rank, the initial porosity and permeability decrease. The change rate of the permeability decreases with increasing porosity.展开更多
Alzheimer's disease(AD)is a prevalent and deleterious neurodegenerative disorder characterized by an irreversible and progressive impairment of cognitive abilities as well as the formation of amyloidβ(Aβ)plaques...Alzheimer's disease(AD)is a prevalent and deleterious neurodegenerative disorder characterized by an irreversible and progressive impairment of cognitive abilities as well as the formation of amyloidβ(Aβ)plaques and neurofibrillary tangles(NFTs)in the brain.By far,the precise mechanisms of AD are not fully understood and no interventions are available to effectively slow down progression of the disease.Autophagy is a conserved degradation pathway that is crucial to maintain cellular homeostasis by targeting damaged organelles,pathogens,and disease-prone protein aggregates to lysosome for degradation.Emerging evidence suggests dysfunctional autophagy clearance pathway as a potential cellular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of AD in affected neurons.Here we summarize the current evidence for autophagy dysfunction in the pathophysiology of AD and discuss the role of autophagy in the regulation of AD-related protein degradation and neuroinflammation in neurons and glial cells.Finally,we review the autophagy modulators reported in the treatment of AD models and discuss the obstacles and opportunities for potential clinical application of the novel autophagy activators for AD therapy.展开更多
Most topological insulators(TIs)discovered today in spinful systems can be transformed from topological semimetals(TSMs)with vanishing bulk gap via introducing the spin-orbit coupling(SOC),which manifests the intrinsi...Most topological insulators(TIs)discovered today in spinful systems can be transformed from topological semimetals(TSMs)with vanishing bulk gap via introducing the spin-orbit coupling(SOC),which manifests the intrinsic links between the gapped topological insulator phases and the gapless TSMs.Recently,we have discovered a family of TSMs in time-reversal invariant spinless systems,which host butterfly-like nodal-lines(NLs)consisting of a pair of identical concentric intersecting coplanar ellipses(CICE).In this Communication,we unveil the intrinsic link between this exotic class of nodal-line semimetals(NLSMs)and a Z_(4)=2 topological crystalline insulator(TCI),by including substantial SOC.We demonstrate that in three space groups(i.e.,Pbam(No.55),P4/mbm(No.127),and P4_(2)/mbc(No.135)),the TCI supports a fourfold Dirac fermion on the(001)surface protected by two glide symmetries,which originates from the intertwined drumhead surface states of the CICE NLs.The higher order topology is further demonstrated by the emergence of one-dimensional helical hinge states,indicating the discovery of a higher order topological insulator protected by a glide symmetry.展开更多
基金Supported by the Public Health Project of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China[Cai She(2011)76]National Level Project Cultivation Fund of Henan Normal University in 2014(2014PL15)
文摘Through the analysis on the leaf color and photosynthetic characteristics of new strains and main cultivars of Rehmannia glutinosa,it is expected to provide theoretical basis for breeding of new varieties. Chlorophyll,anthocyanin,and net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Cond),transpiration rate(Tr),and intercellular CO2concentration(Ci) in 8 varieties of Rehmannia glutinosa were measured by spectrophotometer and LI-6400 XT Portable Photosynthesis System. The results showed that the chlorophyll content of Huaidijin 8(2. 84 mg/g),Huaidi 81(2. 71 mg/g),Huaidi 85-5(2. 69 mg/g),Jinjiu(2. 66 mg/g) and Huaidi 83(2. 63 mg/g) was higher; the anthocyanin content of Jinjiu(0. 169) and Huaidijin 8(0. 165) was higher,while the anthocyanin content Huaidi 83(0. 060) was the lowest; Pn of Huaidi81[2. 41 μmol/(m2·s) ],Huaidi 83[2. 37 μmol/(m2·s) ]and Huaidijin 8[2. 25 μmol/(m2·s) ]was higher,and the anthocyanin content was positively correlated with Pn,while the anthocyanin content was negatively correlated with Pn; Huaidijin 8 and Huaidi 83 showed dominant advantages in single plant fresh weight,indicator component,and resistance over the main cultivars. This indicates that the new variety Huaidijin 8 and Huaidi 83 have excellent comprehensive traits and can be properly popularized.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(81525007,81730036)Key R&D Program of Hunan Province(2019SK2051).
文摘Background:Physical activity has been hypothesized to play a protective role in neurodegenerative diseases.However,effect estimates previously derived from observational studies were prone to confounding or reverse causation.Methods:We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis to explore the causal association of accelerometer-measured physical activity with 3 common neurodegenerative diseases:Alzheimer’s disease(AD),Parkinson’s disease(PD),and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS).We selected genetic instrumental variants reaching genome-wide significance(p<5×10^(-8))from 2 largest meta-analyses of about 91,100 UK Biobank participants.Summary statistics for AD,PD,and ALS were retrieved from the up-to-date studies in European ancestry led by the international consortia.The random-effect,inverse-variance weighted MR was employed as the primary method,while MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier(MR-PRESSO),weighted median,and MR-Egger were implemented as sensitivity tests.All statistical analyses were performed using the R programming language(Version 3.6.1;R Foundation for Statistical Computing,Vienna,Austria).Results:Primary MR analysis and replication analysis utilized 5 and 8 instrumental variables,which explained 0.2%and 0.4%variance in physical activity,respectively.In each set,one variant at 17q21 was significantly associated with PD,and MR sensitivity analyses indicated them it as an outlier and source of heterogeneity and pleiotropy.Primary results with the removal of outlier variants suggested odds ratios(ORs)of neurodegenerative diseases per unit increase in objectively measured physical activity were 1.52 for AD(95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.88-2.63,p=0.13)and 3.35 for PD(95%CI:1.32-8.48,p=0.01),while inconsistent results were shown in the replication set for AD(OR=1.06,95%CI:1.01-1.12,p=0.02)and PD(OR=0.99,95%CI:0.88-0.12,p=0.97).Similarly,the beneficial effect of physical activity on ALS(OR=0.51,95%CI:0.29-0.91,p=0.02)was not confirmed in the replication analysis(OR=0.96,95%CI:0.91-1.02,p=0.22).Conclusion:Genetically predicted physical activity was not robustly associated with risk of neurodegenerative disorders.Triangulating evidence across other studies is necessary in order to elucidate whether enhancing physical activity is an effective approach in preventing the onset of AD,PD,or ALS.
基金This research was supported by National Natural Science Funds(52078308)LiaoNing Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC2007003)Educational Commission of Liaoning Province of China(lnzd202003).
文摘The airtightness defects in building components are mainly composed of thin air gaps caused by porous materials and assembly tolerances.Indoor and outdoor air leakage,as well as risks such as condensation and mold growth in the structure,will result in significant heat loss.In this paper,a numerical model of heat,air and moisture transfer(commonly called HAM transfer)between the air channel and the porous material is proposed.The model adopts a single-domain modeling strategy without considering the migration coefficient of the interface.A benchmark experiment of the dilution buffer model is used to further validate the model,and the results indicate good consistency.The condensation risk of a two-dimensional complex building structural component in air infiltration and seepage scene was tested,and it was shown that the existence of air passage would prolong the time for the periodic equilibrium of water in the building structure and significantly change the temperature as well as the humidity distribution in the structure.In addition,the impact of an airtightness defect on the heat flux of the structure’s internal boundary was analyzed qualitatively,and it was found that the infiltration scene has a larger effect on heat loss than the seepage scene.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Fundation of China(Nos.41672149,41302131,41362009)the Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41530314)+2 种基金the Scientific Research Foundation of the Key Laboratory of Coalbed Methane Resources and Reservoir Formation Process of the Ministry of Education,China University of Mining and Technology,(No.2017-001)the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Nos.2016ZX05044-002,2011ZX05033,2011ZX05034)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2012QNB32)
文摘Deep coalbed methane exists in high-temperature and high-pressure reservoirs. To elucidate the dynamic-change laws of the deep coal reservoir porosity and permeability characteristics in the process of coalbed methane production, based on three pieces of low- to medium-rank coal samples in the eastern Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, we analyse their mercury-injection pore structures. We measured the porosity and permeability of the coal samples at various temperatures and confining pressures by high-temperature and confining pressure testing. The results show that the porosity of a coal sample decreases exponentially with increasing effective stress. With increasing temperature, the initial porosity increases for two pieces of relatively low-rank coal samples. The increased rate of porosity decreases with increasing confining pressure. With increasing temperature, the initial porosity of a relatively high-rank coal sample decreases, and the rate of change of the porosity become faster. An exponential relationship exists between the porosity and permeability. With increasing coal rank, the initial porosity and permeability decrease. The change rate of the permeability decreases with increasing porosity.
基金This study was supported by China minister of Science and Technology grant MoST-2017YFE0120100the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao SAR(No.0110/2018/A3,0128/2019/A3,China)+1 种基金the University of Macao grants(No.MYRG2019-00129-ICMS,China)awarded to Jia-Hong LuNIH/R01NS060123 and R01 R01AG072520(USA)awarded to Zhenyu Yue.
文摘Alzheimer's disease(AD)is a prevalent and deleterious neurodegenerative disorder characterized by an irreversible and progressive impairment of cognitive abilities as well as the formation of amyloidβ(Aβ)plaques and neurofibrillary tangles(NFTs)in the brain.By far,the precise mechanisms of AD are not fully understood and no interventions are available to effectively slow down progression of the disease.Autophagy is a conserved degradation pathway that is crucial to maintain cellular homeostasis by targeting damaged organelles,pathogens,and disease-prone protein aggregates to lysosome for degradation.Emerging evidence suggests dysfunctional autophagy clearance pathway as a potential cellular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of AD in affected neurons.Here we summarize the current evidence for autophagy dysfunction in the pathophysiology of AD and discuss the role of autophagy in the regulation of AD-related protein degradation and neuroinflammation in neurons and glial cells.Finally,we review the autophagy modulators reported in the treatment of AD models and discuss the obstacles and opportunities for potential clinical application of the novel autophagy activators for AD therapy.
基金The work at CSUN was supported by NSF-Partnership in Research and Education in Materials(PREM)Grant No.DMR-1828019H.L.acknowledges the support by the Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST)in Taiwan under grant number MOST 109-2112-M-001-014-MY3+2 种基金The work of J.L.M.has been supported by Spanish Science Ministry grant PGC2018-094626-B-C21(MCIU/AEI/FEDER,EU)and Basque Government grant IT979-16M.G.V.thanks support from DFG INCIEN2019-000356 from Gipuzkoako Foru AldundiaM.G.V.and M.I.acknowledges the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion(grant number PID2019-109905GB-C21).
文摘Most topological insulators(TIs)discovered today in spinful systems can be transformed from topological semimetals(TSMs)with vanishing bulk gap via introducing the spin-orbit coupling(SOC),which manifests the intrinsic links between the gapped topological insulator phases and the gapless TSMs.Recently,we have discovered a family of TSMs in time-reversal invariant spinless systems,which host butterfly-like nodal-lines(NLs)consisting of a pair of identical concentric intersecting coplanar ellipses(CICE).In this Communication,we unveil the intrinsic link between this exotic class of nodal-line semimetals(NLSMs)and a Z_(4)=2 topological crystalline insulator(TCI),by including substantial SOC.We demonstrate that in three space groups(i.e.,Pbam(No.55),P4/mbm(No.127),and P4_(2)/mbc(No.135)),the TCI supports a fourfold Dirac fermion on the(001)surface protected by two glide symmetries,which originates from the intertwined drumhead surface states of the CICE NLs.The higher order topology is further demonstrated by the emergence of one-dimensional helical hinge states,indicating the discovery of a higher order topological insulator protected by a glide symmetry.