The recent outbreak of COVID-19 has been rapidly spreading on a global scale.To date,there is no specific vaccine against the causative virus,SARS-CoV-2,nor is there an effective medicine for treating COVID-19,thus ra...The recent outbreak of COVID-19 has been rapidly spreading on a global scale.To date,there is no specific vaccine against the causative virus,SARS-CoV-2,nor is there an effective medicine for treating COVID-19,thus raising concerns with respect to the effect of risk factors such as clinical course and pathophysiological parameters on disease severity and outcome in patients with COVID-19.By extracting and analyzing all available published clinical data,we identified several major clinical characteristics associated with increased disease severity and mortality among patients with COVID-19.Specifically,preexisting chronic conditions such as hypertension,cardiovascular disease,chronic kidney disease,and diabetes are strongly associated with an increased risk of developing severe COVID-19;surprisingly,however,we found no correlation between chronic liver disease and increased disease severity.In addition,we found that both acute cardiac injury and acute kidney injury are highly correlated with an increased risk of COVID-19-related mortality.Given the high risk of comorbidity and the high mortality rate associated with tissue damage,organ function should be monitored closely in patients diagnosed with COVID-19,and this approach should be included when establishing new guidelines for managing these high-risk patients.Moreover,additional clinical data are needed in order to determine whether a supportive therapy can help mitigate the development of severe,potentially fatal complications,and further studies are needed to identify the pathophysiology and the mechanism underlying this novel coronavirus-associated infectious disease.Taken together,these findings provide new insights regarding clinical strategies for improving the management and outcome of patients with COVID-19.展开更多
Immune suppressive microenvironment in tumor emerges as the main obstacle for cancer immunotherapy.In this study,we identified that HIF1α was activated in the tumor associated macrophages and acted as an important fa...Immune suppressive microenvironment in tumor emerges as the main obstacle for cancer immunotherapy.In this study,we identified that HIF1α was activated in the tumor associated macrophages and acted as an important factor for the immune suppressive microenvironment.Epigenetically silencing of Hif1αvia histone H3 methylation in the promoter region was achieved by CRISPR/dCas9-EZH2 system,in which histone H3 methylase EZH2 was recruited to the promoter region specifically.The Hif1αsilenced macrophage,namely HERM(Hif1αEpigenetically Repressed Macrophage)manifested as inheritable tumor suppressing phenotype.In the subcutaneous B16-F10 melanoma syngeneic model,intratumoral injection of HERMs reprogrammed the immune suppressive microenvironment to the active one,reducing tumor burden and prolonging overall survival.Additionally,HERMs therapy remarkably inhibited tumor angiogenesis.Together,our study has not only identified a promising cellular and molecular target for reverting immune suppressive microenvironment,but also provided a potent strategy for reprogramming tumor microenvironment via epigenetically reprogrammed macrophages.展开更多
An enantioselective carboxylative cyclization of propargylic alcohols and CO2 was realized under mild conditions,based on a kinetic resolution strategy,which enabled the synthesis of chiral cyclic carbonates and propa...An enantioselective carboxylative cyclization of propargylic alcohols and CO2 was realized under mild conditions,based on a kinetic resolution strategy,which enabled the synthesis of chiral cyclic carbonates and propargylic alcohols with promising yield and enantioselectivity simultaneously.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31930057 and 31970689)the National Key Research and Development Program(2018YFA0507802,2018YFA0507801,and 2018YFC2000405).
基金This study was supported by research grants from the National Key Research&Develop-ment Program of China(2018YFA0507800 to FW and JM).
文摘The recent outbreak of COVID-19 has been rapidly spreading on a global scale.To date,there is no specific vaccine against the causative virus,SARS-CoV-2,nor is there an effective medicine for treating COVID-19,thus raising concerns with respect to the effect of risk factors such as clinical course and pathophysiological parameters on disease severity and outcome in patients with COVID-19.By extracting and analyzing all available published clinical data,we identified several major clinical characteristics associated with increased disease severity and mortality among patients with COVID-19.Specifically,preexisting chronic conditions such as hypertension,cardiovascular disease,chronic kidney disease,and diabetes are strongly associated with an increased risk of developing severe COVID-19;surprisingly,however,we found no correlation between chronic liver disease and increased disease severity.In addition,we found that both acute cardiac injury and acute kidney injury are highly correlated with an increased risk of COVID-19-related mortality.Given the high risk of comorbidity and the high mortality rate associated with tissue damage,organ function should be monitored closely in patients diagnosed with COVID-19,and this approach should be included when establishing new guidelines for managing these high-risk patients.Moreover,additional clinical data are needed in order to determine whether a supportive therapy can help mitigate the development of severe,potentially fatal complications,and further studies are needed to identify the pathophysiology and the mechanism underlying this novel coronavirus-associated infectious disease.Taken together,these findings provide new insights regarding clinical strategies for improving the management and outcome of patients with COVID-19.
基金This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC31573244 to L Liu,NSFC31771507 and NSFC81970737 to G Yang)Key Projects of Shaanxi Province(2018ZDXM-SF-063 to L Liu).
文摘Immune suppressive microenvironment in tumor emerges as the main obstacle for cancer immunotherapy.In this study,we identified that HIF1α was activated in the tumor associated macrophages and acted as an important factor for the immune suppressive microenvironment.Epigenetically silencing of Hif1αvia histone H3 methylation in the promoter region was achieved by CRISPR/dCas9-EZH2 system,in which histone H3 methylase EZH2 was recruited to the promoter region specifically.The Hif1αsilenced macrophage,namely HERM(Hif1αEpigenetically Repressed Macrophage)manifested as inheritable tumor suppressing phenotype.In the subcutaneous B16-F10 melanoma syngeneic model,intratumoral injection of HERMs reprogrammed the immune suppressive microenvironment to the active one,reducing tumor burden and prolonging overall survival.Additionally,HERMs therapy remarkably inhibited tumor angiogenesis.Together,our study has not only identified a promising cellular and molecular target for reverting immune suppressive microenvironment,but also provided a potent strategy for reprogramming tumor microenvironment via epigenetically reprogrammed macrophages.
基金The financial support from 973 Program(No.2015CB856600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21871090,21573073)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘An enantioselective carboxylative cyclization of propargylic alcohols and CO2 was realized under mild conditions,based on a kinetic resolution strategy,which enabled the synthesis of chiral cyclic carbonates and propargylic alcohols with promising yield and enantioselectivity simultaneously.
