Research Progress of Ethnic Medicine in the Treatment of Cholelithiasis

In a broad sense, ethnic medicine includes Han traditional Chinese medicine, folk medicine and ethnic minority medicine;ethnic medicine in a narrow sense refers to ethnic minority medicine. It is a medicine developed by ethnic minorities in order to survive and reproduce and in the process of fighting diseases. Culture, based on its own language, life experience and cultural traditions, has its own understanding and theoretical system of disease naming, etiology and pathogenesis, treatment principles and treatment methods, which is a major feature of my country’s medical care. Among them, ethnic medicine has unique advantages and good clinical efficacy in the prevention and treatment of cholelithiasis. Therefore, this paper focuses on summarizing the characteristic theories and diagnosis and treatment experience of Tibetan medicine, Mongolian medicine, Miao medicine, Yao medicine, and Beijing medicine in ethnic medicine by sorting out and summarizing the relevant materials in this regard, so as to provide new ideas for improving the treatment of cholelithiasis and enriching clinical drug selection.

Insights into the relations between cell wall integrity and in vitro digestion properties of granular starches in pulse cotyledon cells after dry heat treatment

Natural foods,such as whole pulses,are recommended in the dietary guidelines of the US and China.The plant cell wall structure in whole pulses has important implications for the nutritional functionalities of starch.In this study,garbanzo bean cells with varying degrees of cell wall integrity were subjected to dry heat treatment(DHT)and used to elucidate the food structure-starch digestion properties of pulse food.The morphological features suggested that all cell samples do not exhibit remarkable changes after being subjected to DHT.Molecular rearrangement and the crystallite disruption of starch granules entrapped in cells occurred during DHT as assessed by the crystal structure and thermal properties.DHT decreased the inhibitory effects of enzymes of both the soluble and insoluble components,but the digestion rate and extent of slightly and highly damaged cell samples did not exhibit significant differences compared with their native counterparts.We concluded that the starch digestion of pulse cotyledon cells is primarily determined by the intactness of the cellular structure.This study reveals the role of food structure on the ability to retain the desirable nutritional properties of starch after subjection to physical modification.

Experimental Study on the Treatment of Gallbladder Distention by Dahuang Lingxian Prescription

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of inhibiting the secretion of “lithogenic bile” and treating gallbladder distention with the TCM prescription Dahuang Lingxian. Methods: Forty SPF-grade SD male mice were randomly divided into blank control group, model group, ursodeoxycholic acid group and TCM group, 10 mice in each group. The blank control group was kept normally, and the model group, ursodeoxycholic acid group and TCM group were established as gallbladder distention models. The blank control group and the model group were given 1.5 ml of saline by gavage daily;the ursodeoxycholic acid group was given 100 mg/kg/d of a mixture of saline and ursodeoxycholic acid capsules by gavage daily;the TCM group was given 39 g/kg/d of aqueous decoction of Dahuang Lingxian Prescription by gavage daily. After 6 weeks of continuous intervention, all mice were executed and the lithogenesis rate, ultrastructure and mRNA expression were observed. Results: The lithogenesis rate of mice in the TCM group was significantly reduced (P β1/Smads pathway was significantly improved (P < 0.05), which could achieve the same therapeutic effect as ursodeoxycholic acid capsules. Conclusion: Dahuang Lingxian Prescription can reduce the secretion of “lithogenic bile” by inhibiting the inflammatory reaction and fibrosis of biliary system. Dahuang Lingxian Prescription has certain advantages in the treatment of gallbladder distention.

Adaptive hp finite element method for fluorescence molecular tomography with simplified spherical harmonics approximation

Recently,the simplified spherical harmonics equations(SP)model has at tracted much att entionin modeling the light propagation in small tissue ggeometriesat visible and near-infrared wave-leng ths.In this paper,we report an eficient numerical method for fluorescence moleeular tom-ography(FMT)that combines the advantage of SP model and adaptive hp finite elementmethod(hp-FEM).For purposes of comparison,hp-FEM and h-FEM are,respectively applied tothe reconstruction pro cess with diffusion approximation and SPs model.Simulation experiments on a 3D digital mouse atlas and physical experiments on a phantom are designed to evaluate thereconstruction methods in terms of the location and the reconstructed fluorescent yield.Theexperimental results demonstrate that hp-FEM with SPy model,yield more accurate results thanh-FEM with difusion approximation model does.The phantom experiments show the potentialand feasibility of the proposed approach in FMT applications.

Analysis on Characteristic Diagnosis Technology and Application Progress of Jing Nationality Medicine

Jing Medicine, as an important part of China’s ethnic medicine and culture, is characterized by its unique theories, rich content, and abundant resources, showcasing distinctive features of minority regions. The Jing ethnic group is distributed in coastal and border areas of China, and after thousands of years of development, it has formed a rich marine-oriented medical system in the struggle against the environment and diseases, displaying unique medication characteristics and clinical efficacy. According to Jing Medicine, the human body is an organic whole that is unified with the natural and social environment. It believes that the heavens and earth are the spirits of all things, and all things possess spiritual energy, which is closely connected to the human body’s spiritual energy. The utilization of marine organisms in medicine is the greatest feature of Jing Medicine, and it is a common approach used by the local population for disease prevention and treatment. To further explore Jing Medicine, improve the repository of ethnic medicine culture, and address the insufficient understanding of Jing Medicine in traditional Chinese medicine culture, this article provides a comprehensive review of the distinctive diagnostic and therapeutic theories, techniques, and applications of internal and external treatments in Jing Medicine.

Performance evaluation of the simpli¯ed spherical harmonics approximation for cone-beam X-ray luminescence computed tomography imaging

As an emerging molecular imaging modality,cone-beam X-ray luminescence computed tomog-raphy(CB-XLCT)uses X-ray-excitable probes to produce near-infrared(NIR)luminescence and then reconst ructs three-dimensional(3D)distribution of the probes from surface measurements.A proper photon-transportation model is critical to accuracy of XLCT.Here,we presented a systematic comparison between the common-used Monte Carlo model and simplified spherical harmonics(SPN).The performance of the two methods was evaluated over several main spec-trums using a known XLCT material.We designed both a global measurement based on the cosine similarity and a locally-averaged relative error,to quantitatively assess these methods.The results show that the SP_(3) could reach a good balance between the modeling accuracy and computational efficiency for all of the tested emission spectrums.Besides,the SP_(1)(which is equivalent to the difusion equation(DE))can be a reasonable alternative model for emission wavelength over 692nm.In vivo experiment further demonstrates the reconstruction perfor-mance of the SP:and DE.This study would provide a valuable guidance for modeling the photon-transportation in CB-XLCT.

Establishment of an arsenic-resistant human gallbladder carcinoma cell line and analysis of the differential expressions of genes associated with apoptosis

Objective： The aim of the study was to establish an arsenic trioxide （ATO）-resistant cell line of human gallbladder carcinoma, GBC-SD/ATO, and to analyze the differential expressions of its apoptosis-associated genes, so as to investigate a correlation between ATO induced resistance of gallbladder carcinoma and expressions of apoptosis associated genes. Methods： The resistant cell line was obtained in vitro by culture of human gallbladder carcinoma cell line GBC-SD with increasingly stepwise concentrations of ATO. The sensitivities of GBC-SD cells and GBC-SD/ATO cells to ATO were determined by MTT assay respectively, cDNA microarray containing 458 apoptosis-related human genes was used to compare the gene expression profiles of GBC-SD/ATO cells and corresponding sensitive cell line GBC-SD. Results： GBC-SD/ATO cell line was established successfully after 8 months of exposure to increasing concentrations of ATO. Compared with the parental cell line, GBC-SD/ATO was 13.6 times more resistant to ATO. Of the 458 apoptosis-related genes, 17 genes were detected having 〉 2-fold difference of expression between the GBC-SD/ATO and GBC-SD cells, with 6 genes up-regulated and 11 genes down-regulated in GBC-SD/ATO cells. Conclusion： The 17 genes invoJved in the apoptosis pathway might be relevant to the resistance of GBC-SD/ATO cells to ATO, suggesting that the modulation of expression of apoptosis-related genes may be a main mechanism of acquired resistance in GBC-SD/ATO.

Medicinal Characteristics of Jing Medicine

In the long process of living, working and fighting against diseases, the Jing people have formed a medical system with their own characteristics, which has made great contributions to the hygiene and health of the ethnic group and is still playing an important role today. As an indispensable part of Chinese traditional medicine system, Jingzu medicine has its own unique advantages and characteristics, which need to be further explored and sorted out. In this paper, the characteristics and advantages of Peking medicine were summarized from the characteristics of medicine use.

A Summary of Studies on the Bark of a National Medicine Choerospondias axillaris

The bark of Choerospondias axillaris is not only an authentic medicine in Guangxi,but also one of the commonly used medicines of many ethnic minorities.This paper intends to study,summarize,and analyze the planting area,harvesting and processing,processing technology,chemical composition,pharmacological action and the establishment and evaluation of quality standard of C.axillaris,in order to provide more reference basis for the development,research and utilization of Zhuang medicine C.axillaris and the establishment of quality standard.

Level of Insomnia, Symptoms of Depression, and Anxiety among College Students with Mobile Phone Addiction: Basis for Guidance and Counseling Program Enhancement

Mobile phone addiction is a growing concern among college students, with significant implications for their mental health. This study examines the complex relationship between mobile phone addiction and its impact on college students’ insomnia, symptoms of depression, and anxiety. A sample of 399 college students from traditional Chinese medicine colleges in Guangxi, China, completed the Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale questionnaire. Among them, 155 students with high Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency scores were selected for the correlation study. The analysis revealed a strong association between mobile phone addiction and insomnia. Furthermore, mobile phone addiction was significantly associated with symptoms of depression, including feelings of sadness, worthlessness, and hopelessness, as well as heightened anxiety symptoms, such as excessive worry and restlessness. These findings emphasized the importance of targeted interventions and preventive measures to address the negative impact of mobile phone addiction on college students’ mental health.

Characteristics and Analysis of Dominant Diseases in Jing Nationality Medicine

Jing medicine occupies a very prominent position in the traditional culture of the Chinese nation and has unique advantages. Through the literature review of Jing medicine, the author has a deeper understanding of Jing medicine in Guangxi. This paper mainly shows the traditional characteristic medicine culture of the Jing nationality and discusses the characteristic therapy and medication characteristics of Jing nationality medicine, which is conducive to the improvement of people’s cognition of Jing nationality medicine and the development and innovation of Jing nationality medicine.

Experimental Study of Moist Exposed Burn Therapy/Moist Exposed Burn Ointment Combined with Zhuang Medicine Detoxification for Chronic Refractory Wound Healing

Background: This is still a public problem that needs to be solved urgently: chronic and refractory wound healing with long course and complex pathological mechanism. At present, there is still a lack of effective clinical treatment. This study, therefore, aims at exploring moist exposed burn therapy/moist exposed burn ointment (MEBT/MEBO) combined with Zhuang medicine detoxification in the treatment of chronic refractory wound healing. Methodology: 100 SPF Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank control group, model control group, MEBO group, Zhuang medicine group and Combined group, with 20 rats in each group. Open wound model was established in blank control group, and chronic refractory wound model was established in other groups. Black control group and model control group were given food and water freely, MEBO group was given dressing change once a day, Zhuang medicine group was given intragastric administration once a day, and combined group was given dressing change and intragastric administration once a day. The effective rate of wound healing was observed after 12 days of continuous intervention. Conclusion: Skin regeneration medical technique combined with Zhuang medicine poison theory can effectively reduce the symptoms of bleeding and exudation, reduce the area of wound, shorten the healing time of wound, and achieve physiological healing of wound. It has a good effect on chronic refractory wound.

One-step hydrothermal synthesis of Cit-NaYbF_(4):Er^(3+)nanocrystals with enhanced red upconversion emission for in vivo fluorescence molecular tomography

Fluorescence imaging techniques represent essential tools in in vitro,preclinical,and clinical studies.In this study,an improved one-step hydrothermal method to synthesize citric acid(CA)modifiedα-NaYbF_(4):2%Er^(3+)nanocrystals was proposed.The introduction of various doping ions into NaYbF_(4):2%Er^(3+)and the different valence states of the same ions affect both the crystal size and upconversion luminesce nce.There fore,we investigated the upconversion luminesce nce enha ncement of NaYbF_(4):2%Er^(3+)by ion doping and find that the upconversion luminescence intensity of the upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs)co-doped with 5 mol%Fe^(2+)ions shows the greatest enhancement,especially for red emission at654 nm.Furthermore,HeLa cells incubated with UCNPs allow for imaging with strong red upconversion emission detectio n.Confocal laser scanning microscope(CLSM)fluorescent images of HeLa cells indicate that NaYbF_(4):2%Er/5%Fe^(2+)leads to a clear outline and improves visualization of the cell morphology.In addition,the CA coated NaYbF_(4):2%Er^(3+)/5%Fe^(2+)nanoparticles and NaYbF_(4):2%Er^(3+)/5%Fe^(2+)show low cytotoxicity in HeLa cells.Organ imaging reveals the efficiency of these UCNPs to analyze the lungs,liver,and spleen.Together,these results indicate that the Cit-NaYbF_(4):2%Er^(3+)/5%Fe^(2+)UCNPs are efficient nanoprobes for fluorescence molecular to mography.

Characteristics and sources of peroxyacetyl nitrate(PAN)in the rural North China Plain:Results from1-year continuous observations

Peroxyacetyl nitrate(PAN)is an important photochemical pollutant in the troposphere,whereas long-term measurements are scarce in rural areas in North China Plain(NCP),resulting in unclear seasonal variations and sources of PAN in rural NCP.In this study,we conducted a 1-year observation of PAN during 2021-2022 at the rural NCP site.The average concentrations of PAN were 1.10,0.75,0.65,and 0.88 ppbv in spring,summer,autumn,and winter,respectively,with a 1-year average of 0.81±0.60 ppbv.Calculations indicate that the loss of PAN through thermal decomposition in summer accounts for 43.2% of the total formed PAN,which is an important reason for the low concentration of PAN in summer.We speculate that since the correlation between PAN and O_(3) in winter is significantly lower than that in other seasons,the observed regional transport of PAN cannot be ignored in winter.Through budget analysis,regional transport accounted for 12.8% and 55.9% of the observed PAN on the spring and winter pollution days,respectively,which showed that regional transport played key roles during the photochemical pollution of the rural NCP in winter.The potential source contribution function revealed that the transported PAN mainly comes from southern Hebei in spring.In winter,the transported PAN was mainly from Langfang,Hengshui,and southern Beijing.Our findings may aid in understanding PAN variations in different seasons in rural areas and highlight the impact of regional transport on the PAN budget.

Recycling the spent electronic materials to construct a highperformance Cu_(1.94)S/ZnS heterostructure anode of sodium-ion batteries

Heterostructure engineering by coupling different nanocrystals has received extensive attention because it can enhance the reaction kinetics of the anode of sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).However,constructing high-quality heterostructure anode materials through green and environmentally friendly methods remains a challenge.Herein,we have proposed a simple one-step method by recycling the electronic waste metal materials to synthesize the Cu_(1.94)S/ZnS heterostructure materials.Combined with the experimental analysis and first principle calculations,we find that the synergistic effect of different components in heterostructure structures can significantly enhance the reversible capacity and rate performance of anode materials.Based on the constructed Cu_(1.94)S/ZnS anode,we obtain a superior reversible capacity of 440 mAh·g^(-1) at 100 mA·g^(-1) and 335 mAh·g^(-1) after 3000 cycles at 2000 mA·g^(-1).Our work sheds new light on designing high-rate and capacity anodes for SIBs through the greenness synthesis method.

高折光率环氧/ZrO_(2)纳米杂化材料的制备

采用溶胶-凝胶法在环氧E51中原位生成无机纳米ZrO_(2)团簇,并利用有机环氧分子链上的侧羟基与无机纳米团簇间形成化学键,以增加有机无机组分间的相容性,并防止无机纳米团簇在体系中团聚。采用红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、原子力显微镜和透射电镜等对其结构进行了表征,证明成功地在体系中原位生成了ZrO_(2)纳米粒子且分布均匀,所制备的薄膜材料具有很好的平整度。环氧/ZrO_(2)纳米杂化光学材料的折光率随着体系中无机纳米粒子含量的增加而呈线性增加,并实现折光率在1.512~1.749间连续可调;在可见光波长范围内,环氧/ZrO_(2)纳米杂化光学薄膜的透过率普遍维持在85%以上,当纳米粒子的含量增至25%后,透光率也能保持在80%以上。

Sparse reconstruction for fluorescence molecular tomography via a fast iterative algorithm

Fluorescence molecular tomography(FMT)is a fast-developing optical imaging modalitythat has great potential in early diagnosis of disease and drugs development.However,recon-struction algorithms have to address a highly ill-posed problem to fulfll 3D reconstruction inFMT.In this contribution,we propose an efficient iterative algorithm to solve the large-scalereconstruction problem,in which the sparsity of fluorescent targets is taken as useful a prioriinformation in designing the reconstruction algorithm.In the implementation,a fast sparseapproximation scheme combined with a stage-wise learning strategy enable the algorithm to dealwith the ill-posed inverse problem at reduced computational costs.We validate the proposed fastiterative method with numerical simulation on a digital mouse model.Experimental results demonstrate that our method is robust for different finite element meshes and different Poissonnoise levels.

Effective and robust approach for fluorescence molecular tomography based on CoSaMP and SP_(3)model

Fluorescence molecular tomography(FMT)allows the detection and quantification of various biological processes in small animals in vrivo,which expands the horizons of pre clinical rescarch and drug development.Eficient three dimensional(3D)reconstruction algorithm is the key to accurate localization and quant ification of fAuorescent target in FMT.In this paper,3D recon-struction of FMT is regarded as a sparse signal recovery problem and the compressive sampling matching pursuit(CoSaMP)algorithm is adopted to obtain greedy recovery of fuorescent sig-nals.Moreover,to reduce the modeling error,the simplified spherical harmonics approximation to the radiative transfer equation(RTE),more specifically SP_(3),is utilized to describe light prop-agation in biological tissues.The performance of the proposed reconstruction method is thor-oughly evaluated by simulations on a 3D digital mouse model by comparing it with three representative greedy methods including orthogonal matching pursuit(OMP),stagewise OMP(StOMP),and regularized OMP(ROMP).The CoSaMP combined with SP_(3)shows an im-provement in reconstruction accuracy and exhibits distinct advantages over the comparative algorithms in multiple targets resolving.Stability analysis suggests that CoSaMP is robust to noise and performs stably with reduction of measurements.The feasibility and reoonstruction accuracy of the proposed method are further validated by phantom experimental data.

A novel denoising framework for cerenkov luminescence imaging based on spatial information improved clustering and curvature-driven diffusion

With widely availed clinically used radionuclides,Cer enkov luminescence imaging(CLI)has become a potential tool in the field of optical molecular imaging.However,the impulse noises introduced by high-energy gamma rays that are generated during the decay of radionuclide reduce the image quality significantly,which affects the acauracy of quantitative analysis,as well as the three dimensional reconstruction.In this work,a novel denoising framework based on fuzzy dlustering and curvat ure driven difusion(CDD)is proposed to remove this kind of impulse noises.To improve the accuracy,the F u1zzy Local Information C-Means algorithm,where spatial information is evolved,is used.We evaluate the per formance of the proposed framework sys-tematically with a series of experiments,and the corresponding results demonstrate a better denoising effect than those from the commonly used median filter method.We hope this work may provide a useful data pre processing tool for CLI and its following studies.

Distribution characteristics of plastic film residue in long-term mulched farmland soil

Soil contamination from film debris following the prolonged application of mulching film has emerged as a worldwide concern.However,the extent that mulching films contribute to soil microplastics,and the spatial distribution of soil contamination from film debris remain unclear.In this study,the cotton field in Xinjiang(China),which underwent film mulching for a prolonged period of 5−30 years,was selected as the research location.A total of 360 soil samples were collected,aiming to study the spatial distribution characteristics of mulching film debris pollution.The samples were extracted using the density flotation method combined with stereomicroscopic;the source,composition,abundance,and distribution characteristics of soil MPs were identified by the scanning electron microscopic,and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analyses.In soil mulched for a 30 year period,the abundance of microplastics across the studied soil depth(0−60 cm)was 78.51±2.57 n/(100 g).Theμ-FTIR analyses revealed that the composition of the microplastics matched that of polyethylene materials.Therefore,plastic mulching could be inferred as a major contributor to microplastic pollution in agricultural lands.Overall,it is necessary to study the distribution characteristics of plastic film remaining for further study of plastic pollution in farmland soils.