1,3,5-Trifluorobenzene endorsed EC-free electrolyte for high-voltage and wide-temperature lithium-ion batteries

Ethylene carbonate(EC)is susceptible to the aggressive chemistry of nickel-rich cathodes,making it undesirable for high-voltage lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).The arbitrary elimination of EC leads to better oxidative tolerance but always incurs interfacial degradation and electrolyte decomposition.Herein,an EC-free electrolyte is deliberately developed based on gradient solvation by pairing solvation-protection agent(1,3,5-trifluorobenzene,F_(3)B)with propylene carbonate(PC)/methyl ethyl carbonate(EMC)formulation.F_(3)B keeps out of inner coordination shell but decomposes preferentially to construct robust interphase,inhibiting solvent decomposition and electrode corrosion.Thereby,the optimized electrolyte(1.1 M)with wide liquid range(-70–77℃)conveys decent interfacial compatibility and high-voltage stability(4.6 V for LiNi_(0.6)Mn_(0.2)Co_(0.2)O_(2),NCM622),qualifying reliable operation of practical NCM/graphite pouch cell(81.1%capacity retention over 600 cycles at 0.5 C).The solvation preservation and interface protection from F_(3)B blaze a new avenue for developing high-voltage electrolytes in next-generation LIBs.

ZmMS39 encodes a callose synthase essential for male fertility in maize(Zea mays L.)

Callose contributes to many biological processes of higher plants including pollen development,cell plate and vascular tissue formation,as well as regulating the transport function of plasmodesmata.The functions of callose synthase genes in maize have been little studied.We describe a maize male-sterile mutant 39(ms39)characterized by reduced plant height.In this study,we confirmed using CRISPR/Cas9 technology that a mutation in Zm00001d043909(ZmCals12),encoding a callose synthase,is responsible for the male sterility of the ms39 mutant.Compared with male-fertile plants,callose deposition around the dyads and tetrads in ms39 anthers was significantly reduced.Increased cell autophagy observed in ms39 anthers may have been due to the premature programmed cell death of tapetal cells,leading to collapse of the anther wall structure.Disordered glucose metabolism in ms39 may have intensified autophagy in anthers.Evaluation of the ms39 gene on maize heterosis by paired-crossed experiment with 11 maize inbred lines indicated that ms39 can be used for maize hybrid seed production.

A True-Time-Delay Array Architecture for Wideband Multi-Beam Tracking

The true-time delay(TTD)units are critical for solving beam squint and frequency selective fading inWideband Large-Scale Antenna Systems(LSASs).In this work,we propose a TTD array architecture for wideband multi-beam tracking that eliminates the beam squint phenomenon and filters out interference signals by applying a spatial filter and time delay estimations(TDEs).The paper presents a novel approach to spatial filter design by introducing a transformation matrix that can optimize the beam response in a specific direction and at a specific frequency.Using the variable fractional delay(VFD)filters,we propose a TDE algorithm with a Newton-Raphson iteration update process that corrects the arrival time delay difference between sensors.Simulations and examples have demonstrated that the proposed architecture can achieve beam tracking within 10 ms at the low signalto-noise ratio(SNR)and demodulation loss is less than 0.5 dB in wideband multi-beam scenarios.

Quantitative Parameters Analysis for Prenatally Echocardiographic Diagnosis of Atrioventricular Septal Defects

Background:Atrioventricular septal defects(AVSDs)are screened and diagnosed usually rely on the imaging characteristics of fetal echocardiography(FE).However,diagnosis on images is heavily depended on sonographers’experience and the quantitative data are rarely studied.Objective:This study aimed to realize the prenatal diagnosis of AVSDs by analyzing the quantitative data on FE.Methods:One hundred and thirteen cardiac quantitative data was analyzed in 370 normal and 49 AVSDs fetuses retrospectively.The top six with the highest diagnostic accuracy rate were acquired according to the area under the curve(AUC),and the diagnostic value of six variables was analyzed.Results:Six parameters obtained on the four-chamber view(4CHV),including the atrial to ventricular length ratio in end-diastole(AVLR-ED),AVLR-ED combined with the atrial to ventricular length ratio in end-systole(AVLR-ES),quantile score(Q score)of AVLR-ED,Q score of AVLR-ES,Q score of ventricle length in end-diastole(VL-ED),and AVLR-ES,were the top six with the highest diagnostic value,and the AUC was 0.99(95%CI 0.99–1.00),0.99(95%CI 0.99–1.00),0.99(95%CI 0.98–1.00),0.95(95%CI 0.91–0.99),0.93(95%CI 0.87–0.99),and 0.91(95%CI 0.83–1.00),respectively.And within the 20%false positive rate,the diagnostic sensitivity was greater than 100%,100%,100%,90%,90%,and 88%,respectively.Conclusions:Six variables could be used for prenatal diagnosis of AVSDs.Among them,AVLR-ED and Q score of AVLR-ED,obtained on the 4CHV,were more convenient to acquire and had higher diagnostic accuracy.

User Profile in Smart Elderly Care Community:Findings from Community in Western China

With the increase in the aging population,the need for elderly care services has diversified,and smart elderly care has become an effective measure to cope with this increasing aging population.Based on the data from the platform“Guan Hu Tong”of RQ Company in the community of Shaanxi Province in western China,this study mined the data of smart elderly care services through the recency,frequency and monetary value(RFM)model and the backpropagation(BP)neural network model,constructed the user profile of the elderly,and predicted users’practical demands.The following conclusions were drawn:The oldest users are important target users of smart elderly care service platforms;Elderly women living alone rely more on smart elderly care services;Meal delivery and health follow-up services are the most popular among elderly users.

免疫检查点抑制剂相关肺炎的临床诊治建议

免疫检查点抑制剂在肿瘤中的使用给晚期肿瘤患者带来了新的希望。然而,由免疫检查点抑制剂激活的免疫系统,其中主要是T细胞免疫,可能攻击人体正常组织器官导致相应的免疫毒性反应产生,在肺部可引起免疫检查点抑制剂相关肺炎。这是一类不同于已知肺部间质性肺炎的疾病,如处理不当,有潜在的致命风险。我们将对免疫检查点抑制剂相关肺炎的诊断和治疗给予建议。

免疫检查点抑制剂相关内分泌不良反应的临床诊治建议

免疫检查点抑制剂(immune checkpoint inhibitors,ICIs)作为一类新型抗肿瘤药物,已经在多种恶性肿瘤治疗中表现出显著的疗效。由于ICIs特定的作用目标和机制,可引起自身免疫和炎症效应,称为免疫相关不良反应(immune-related adverse effects,irAEs)。与传统疗法的不良反应机制不同,irAEs表现隐匿且不固定,有些严重不良反应将迫使患者中止治疗,甚至影响患者生存。因此,随着ICIs在临床上的广泛应用,临床医生需要充分认识此类药物治疗可能产生的不良反应以及合理的治疗策略,以提高接受ICIs治疗患者的生存率和治疗效果。本文将对ICIs引起的内分泌系统不良反应的发生率、临床表现、诊断和处理分别进行阐述。

免疫检查点抑制剂相关消化系统不良反应的临床诊治建议

恶性肿瘤的免疫治疗是当前肿瘤研究和治疗领域的热点,免疫检查点分子程序性死亡受体-1(programmed cell death receptor-1,PD-1)和细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原4(cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4,CTLA-4)相关信号通路的激活可以抑制T淋巴细胞活化,肿瘤细胞通过激活该信号通路实现免疫逃逸。免疫检查点抑制剂(immuno-checkpoint inhibitors,ICIs)通过抑制该信号通路,活化T淋巴细胞发挥机体对肿瘤细胞的清除。因此,ICIs的相关毒性包括免疫相关的不良事件(immune-related adverse effects,irAEs)。消化系统如胃肠道、肝脏作为人体重要的消化吸收器官、代谢解毒器官,同时也是重要的免疫相关器官,是irAEs的常见受累系统。本文将分别对ICIs的肝脏、胃肠道不良反应的发生率、临床表现、诊断和处理分别进行阐述。

免疫检查点抑制剂相关血液毒性处理的临床诊疗建议

免疫检查点抑制剂能够重新激活免疫系统,启动肿瘤杀伤,而T细胞过度激活导致各种免疫相关不良反应。血液系统不良反应报道少见,主要表现为单系或多系血细胞减少,包括自身免疫性溶血性贫血、免疫性血小板减少症、中性粒细胞减少症,严重时表现为再生障碍性贫血,甚至可能致命,如噬血细胞淋巴组织细胞增多症。我们将总结免疫检查点抑制剂相关血液不良反应的临床特点,并对诊断和治疗给予建议。

肿瘤靶向治疗和免疫治疗——眼科系统毒性反应的诊治

靶向治疗和免疫治疗给晚期肿瘤患者带来了希望。但是治疗过程中的药物毒副作用也随着药物的普及而逐渐展现出来。其中眼部的毒副反应常被患者和医生忽视。眼部的不良反应包括从眼睑、睫毛、结膜、角膜、葡萄膜、视网膜、视神经和眼眶等,可累及眼部的所有组织。本文就靶向治疗和免疫治疗相关的眼部毒副作用的诊断和治疗给予相应的描述和建议。

免疫检查点抑制剂风湿性毒副反应诊治建议

近年来,免疫检查点抑制剂(immune checkpoint inhibitors,ICIs)已成为肿瘤治疗的突破性进展之一。但随着ICIs的广泛应用,这类药物所导致的免疫相关副反应(immune-related adverse events,irAEs)也逐渐引起人们的重视。研究发现,irAEs几乎可影响到人体的各个器官。本文主要针对ICIs在风湿方面毒副反应的临床特点展开综述,并且总结了具有基础风湿病的患者在使用ICIs后的免疫相关副反应,最后对这类副反应的治疗进行了探讨。

免疫检查点抑制剂相关皮肤不良反应诊治建议

免疫检查点抑制剂已应用于多种恶性肿瘤的治疗。免疫检查点抑制剂会引起免疫相关不良反应,其中皮肤不良反应是常见的不良反应之一。皮肤不良反应最常表现为斑丘疹和瘙痒。严重的皮肤不良反应包括Stevens-Johnson综合征、中毒性表皮坏死松解症等。本文综合各个免疫治疗相关不良反应管理指南、皮肤不良反应个案报道及综述,并结合临床实践,提出了免疫相关皮肤不良反应的诊治建议。

玉米雄性不育资源的发掘与利用

植物雄性不育是指植物雄性生殖器官不能产生正常有功能花粉的现象。玉米(Zea mays L.)是重要的粮食作物之一,也是较早利用杂种优势的作物之一。当前,生产上广泛种植的玉米品种类型主要是单交种。我国玉米杂交种的播种面积常年稳定在6.2亿亩左右,年用种量10亿公斤以上,常年制种面积高达250多万亩。利用传统的人工去雄或机械去雄的制种方式进行杂交种子的生产,通常需要投入大量的人力、物力和财力。我国玉米制种基地具有明显的区域性,而玉米制种基地对劳动力的需求具有较强的季节性,当前伴随着大量农村劳动力的城市化转移,玉米制种基地出现了严重的用工慌,制种基地的租地费用和人工成本不断提高,使得种子生产成本不断升高。利用植物雄性不育系进行杂交种子的规模化生产,不仅能有效保证杂交种纯度,而且可以大大降低杂交种子的生产成本,同时还可避免极端天气条件下的人工去雄或机械去雄的田间操作困难等问题。因此利用雄性不育进行不育化制种是玉米种业发展的必然趋势。本文综述了我国玉米细胞质雄性不育以及包含光温敏雄性不育在内的细胞核雄性不育资源的发掘及创制进程、植物雄性不育资源从自然群体中获得到有目的性创制的发展过程及玉米雄性不育的研究进展,分析了玉米雄性不育的应用现状及存在的问题。基于我国玉米种业的发展趋势和雄性不育的研究及应用现状,提出了7个需要加强的方面,为玉米雄性不育的创制、研究和利用提供参考。

Risk evaluation of natural disasters based on connection function

There are many uncertain factors,such as stochastic,fuzzy and gray information in the risk analysis on natural hazard.The set pair analysis(SPA)deals effectively with the various uncertain factors contributing to evaluation of the risk level of natural disasters.The evaluation indicators and standards of natural disasters risk are analyzed by identity-discrepancycontrary(IDC).The result,the connection numbers,still has uncertainty information.Thus,yielding the risk evaluation model of natural disasters based on connection function,which construct a set pair relation between the indicators of connection numbers and comprehensive evaluation standards,and describe uncertainty of the connection numbers by using connection function.The study showed that the proposed model takes into account only the uncertainty of risk evaluation indicator identification on natural disasters,also the uncertainty of result connection numbers.This approach gives full consideration to the uncertainty of systematic evaluation process along with the actual meaning of comprehensive evaluation functions.Therefore,this means it is able to reduce the uncertainty of final evaluation results and improve the accuracy and reasonability of evaluation results.This model is capable of reflecting actual situation of the risk evaluation on natural disaster affected by various uncertain factors and has a promotional value in the natural disaster risk assessment.

Mechanotransduction,nanotechnology,and nanomedicine

Mechanotransduction,a conversion of mechanical forces into biochemical signals,is essential for human development and physiology.It is observable at all levels ranging from the whole body,organs,tissues,organelles down to molecules.Dysregulation results in various diseases such as muscular dystrophies,hypertension-induced vascular and cardiac hypertrophy,altered bone repair and cell deaths.Since mechanotransduction occurs at nanoscale,nanosciences and applied nanotechnology are powerful for studying molecular mechanisms and pathways of mechanotransduction.Atomic force microscopy,magnetic and optical tweezers are commonly used for force measurement and manipulation at the single molecular level.Force is also used to control cells,topographically and mechanically by specific types of nano materials for tissue engineering.Mechanotransduction research will become increasingly important as a sub-discipline under nanomedicine.Here we review nanotechnology approaches using force measurements and manipulations at the molecular and cellular levels during mechanotransduction,which has been increasingly play important role in the advancement of nanomedicine.

Evaluation of somatic embryo production during embryogenic tissue proliferation stage using morphology,maternal genotype,proliferation rate and tissue age of Pinus thunbergii Parl

To determine the optimal embryogenic capacity(somatic embryo production)of the selected elite nematode-resistant genotypes of Pinus thunbergii,variables such as embryogenic tissue(ET)morphology,maternal genotype,proliferation rate and tissue age were analyzed.ET morphology and histological evaluation of the proliferation stage showed a decrease in filamentous clump and protuberant surfaces and a decline in the acetocarmine-staining area,which indicates a decrease in somatic embryo production(SEP).Variations in cell physiology during the prolifera-tion stage showed that SEP was positively correlated with soluble sugars and proteins,but negatively correlated with starch,peroxidase,and superoxidase.In addition,SEP was significantly(p<0.001)affected by maternal genotype,tis-sue age and proliferation rate.Moreover,SEP was positively correlated with proliferation rate(r=0.98,p<0.001),but negatively correlated with tissue age(r=−0.95,p<0.001).In general,the results suggest that SEP could be assessed in ET proliferation stages by the apparent cell morphology,histology,proliferation rate and tissue age,which provides novel insights for evaluating the ET maturation capacity(number of somatic embryos)during the proliferation stage of P.thunbergii somatic embryogenesis.

Critical One-Dimensional Absorption-Desorption with Long-Ranged Interaction

An absorption-desorption model with long-ranged interaction is simulated by the dynamic Monte Carlo method.The dynamic process has an inert phase and an active phase that is controlled by the absorption rate.In the active phase,the number of vacancies increases with time exponentially,while in the inert phase the vacant sites will be occupied by adsorbates rapidly.At the critical absorption rate,both the number of vacancies and the time-depending active probability exhibit power-law behavior.We determine the critical absorption rate and the scaling exponents of the power-laws.The effect of the interaction range of desorption on the critical exponents is investigated.In the short-ranged interaction limit, the critical exponents of Schlogl’s first model are recovered.The model may describe the sta bility of the inner Helmholtz layer,an essential component of the electrochemical double-layer capacitor at a nanowire.

Microwave Induced Ethanol Bath Bonding for PMMA Microfluidic Device

High bonding strength,low deformation and convenient procedure are all very important aspects in the microfluidic device fabrication process. In this paper,an improved microwave induced bonding technology is proposed to fabricate microfluidic device based on methyl methacrylate( PMMA). This method employs pure ethanol as the bonding assisted solvent. The ethanol not only acts as the microwave absorbing material,but also works as the organic solvent in bath. The presented research work has shown that the bonding process can be completed in less than 45 s. Furthermore,the convenient bonding only applies microwave oven,beakers and binder clips. Then,we discuss effects of microwave power,bonding time on bonding strength and deformation of microstructures on PMMA microfluidic device. Finally,a 4 layers micro-mixer has been fabricated using the proposed bonding technique which includes 15 trapezoid micro-channels,9 T-type mix units and an X-type mix unit. Experimental results show that the proposed bonding method have some advantages compared with several traditional bonding technologies,such as hot pressing bonding,ultrasonic bonding and solvent assisted bonding methods in respect of bonding strength,deformation and bonding process. The presented work would be helpful for low coat mass production of multilayer polymer microfluidic devices in lab.

122例胃肠道间质瘤的临床病理及免疫组化分析(英文)

Objective:The aim of the study was to review the clinical records of 122 patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs) and analyze their clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical characteristics.Methods:The medic records of 122 patients with GISTs during the periods from January 2002 to May 2010 were reviewed.All tumors were confirmed by histological and immunohistochemical analyses.Results:The tumors occurred in 59 males and 63 females,ranging from 25 to 77 years.Of all cases,46 cases originated from stomach,42 from small intestine,17 from colon and rectum and 9 from retroperitoneal cavity and 4 cases from extra-gastrointestinal site.Liver was the most common organ that tumors metastases involved.Immunohistochemically,there were 114 tumors being positive for CD117 while 8 tumors negative for it.The frequencies of CD34 positive were higher in the stomach and rectum(89.1% and 86.7% respectively) than in the small intestine(64.3%,P < 0.05).Higher expression of SMA was in the tumors located in small intestine(54.8%) while the expressions of SMA in the gastric and rectal tumors were relatively low(21.7% and 20.0% respectively,P < 0.05).Conclusion:Gastrointestinal stromal tumors can occur in the gastrointestinal tract as well as in the extra-gastrointestinal sites.The frequencies of CD34 and SMA expression vary significantly with different locations.