零工经济去技能化的教育影响及治理介入

零工经济导致的就业去技能化正在加速成为一种社会的去技能化倾向,这将持续且深刻地影响社会的教育理念和教育选择。技术升级带来的经济周期变化、经济转型和分工演化等因素叠加决定了去技能化的走向与节奏,而其对教育的影响将逐渐演化为人力资本积累迟滞、教育经济价值减损和教育结构失衡三类风险。去技能化将消解教育改革的努力,更会对经济结构升级和社会共同富裕产生潜在威胁。积极的教育治理是国家介入的渠道,重塑知识和技能的价值,促进多元主体协同参与再技能化和终身学习,提高知识和技能的适应性等将有效应对去技能化带来的冲击与挑战。

Cloning and Functional Characterisation of Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase 4 from Wolfberry

Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs) are a class of enzymes in plants involved in the biosynthesis of apocarotenoids, such as phytohormones, flavour compounds, and other compounds with yet unknown functions. To date, several CCDs have been functionally characterised in plants, but little is known about the CCD4 members. A carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4 gene (LcCCD4) was isolated from the leaves of wolfberry (Lycium chinense) to gain insight into its biological function. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses showed that the deduced amino acid sequence of LcCCD4 shares high homology with that of CCD4 proteins from other plants. Expression analysis using semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed that LcCCD4 was strongly expressed in leaves and flowers and that the expression level was in accordance with β-carotene concentration. LcCCD4 transcripts in fruits tended to decrease as carotenoids accumulated. Recombinant expression of LcCCD4 cleaved β-carotene to produce β-ionone in in vivo assays. These results show that LcCCD4 is a CCD gene that may be involved in producing aromatic apocarotenoids in leaves and flowers, whereas it may be involved in controlling carotenoid accumulation in fruits. © 2016, Tianjin University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Key Points for High-yield Cultivation Management of Pseudostellaria heterophylla in Weihai Area

[Objectives] To explore the scientific cultivation mode of Pseudostellaria heterophylla in Shandong Province. [Methods] According to the ecological characteristics of P. heterophylla, the cultivation techniques and management points of P. heterophylla in Weihai are summarized. [Results] The scientific cultivation techniques and management points of P. heterophylla are introduced from the aspects of land selection, land preparation, seed selection, seedling nursing, timely sowing and transplanting, field management and disease and pest control. [Conclusions] This study will provide theoretical guidance for the high-quality, high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation of P. heterophylla in Shandong area.