Perfluorinated or polyfluorinated compounds(PFCs)continue entering to the environmental as individuals or mixtures,but their toxicological information remains largely unknown.Here,we investigated the toxic effects and...Perfluorinated or polyfluorinated compounds(PFCs)continue entering to the environmental as individuals or mixtures,but their toxicological information remains largely unknown.Here,we investigated the toxic effects and ecological risks of Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid(PFOS)and its substitutes on prokaryotes(Chlorella vulgaris)and eukaryotes(Microcystis aeruginosa).Based on the calculated EC50 values,the results showed that PFOS was significantly more toxic to both algae than its alternatives including Perfluorobutane sulfonic acid(PFBS)and 6:2 Fluoromodulated sulfonates(6:2 FTS),and the PFOS-PFBS mixture was more toxic to both algae than the other two PFC mixtures.The action mode of binary PFC mixtures on Chlorella vulgaris was mainly shown as antagonistic and on Microcystis aeruginosa as synergistic,by using Combination index(CI)model coupled with Monte Carlo simulation.The mean risk quotient(RQ)value of three individual PFCs and their mixtures were all below the threshold of 10^(−1),but the risk of those binary mixtures were higher than that of PFCs individually because of their synergistic effect.Our findings contribute to enhance the understanding of the toxicological information and ecological risks of emerging PFCs and provide a scientific basis for their pollution control.展开更多
To the Editor:Hypertension is an important risk factor for the incidence and prognosis of diabetes and ischemic stroke.Both diabetes and ischemic stroke are common disorders that often occur together,and up to approxi...To the Editor:Hypertension is an important risk factor for the incidence and prognosis of diabetes and ischemic stroke.Both diabetes and ischemic stroke are common disorders that often occur together,and up to approximately 34%of acute ischemic stroke patients also experience diabetes.[1]Previous studies have shown that stroke patients with hyperglycemia or diabetes exhibited increased risks of recurrent stroke,poor neurological outcomes,and mortality.However,few studies have explored the relationship between systolic blood pressure(SBP)levels or SBP trajectories and clinical outcomes in patients with both ischemic stroke and diabetes.展开更多
In this diverse and rich collection of essays, the authors challenge a common but misleading conception about Confucianism in China, that is, that Confucianism was inward-looking, ethnocentric, and static. The essays ...In this diverse and rich collection of essays, the authors challenge a common but misleading conception about Confucianism in China, that is, that Confucianism was inward-looking, ethnocentric, and static. The essays are inspired by Joseph R. Levenson's observation that,"When Confucianism was vital, it was cosmopolitan……展开更多
This special issue features articles by Huan Jin, Yao Dadui, Rania Huntington, and Chuck Wooldridge, bringing us back to the tumultuous years of the Taiping Rebellion （1850-64）. By closely examining the narration of...This special issue features articles by Huan Jin, Yao Dadui, Rania Huntington, and Chuck Wooldridge, bringing us back to the tumultuous years of the Taiping Rebellion （1850-64）. By closely examining the narration of a Taiping chronicle, the structure and content of a Taiping primer, a Confucian literatus＇ writing of a history amid the war, and four popular plays created in the early era of postwar reconstruction, the four articles in this special issue present us with the uncertain moral world that the war brought to the people of China, revealing the anxiety, pain, and the role of faith and ideology which have long evaded previous Taiping studies.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFC1407501)the Key Laboratory Open Fund of Fishery Ecology Environment,Ministry of Agriculture,China.
文摘Perfluorinated or polyfluorinated compounds(PFCs)continue entering to the environmental as individuals or mixtures,but their toxicological information remains largely unknown.Here,we investigated the toxic effects and ecological risks of Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid(PFOS)and its substitutes on prokaryotes(Chlorella vulgaris)and eukaryotes(Microcystis aeruginosa).Based on the calculated EC50 values,the results showed that PFOS was significantly more toxic to both algae than its alternatives including Perfluorobutane sulfonic acid(PFBS)and 6:2 Fluoromodulated sulfonates(6:2 FTS),and the PFOS-PFBS mixture was more toxic to both algae than the other two PFC mixtures.The action mode of binary PFC mixtures on Chlorella vulgaris was mainly shown as antagonistic and on Microcystis aeruginosa as synergistic,by using Combination index(CI)model coupled with Monte Carlo simulation.The mean risk quotient(RQ)value of three individual PFCs and their mixtures were all below the threshold of 10^(−1),but the risk of those binary mixtures were higher than that of PFCs individually because of their synergistic effect.Our findings contribute to enhance the understanding of the toxicological information and ecological risks of emerging PFCs and provide a scientific basis for their pollution control.
基金supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82020108028)
文摘To the Editor:Hypertension is an important risk factor for the incidence and prognosis of diabetes and ischemic stroke.Both diabetes and ischemic stroke are common disorders that often occur together,and up to approximately 34%of acute ischemic stroke patients also experience diabetes.[1]Previous studies have shown that stroke patients with hyperglycemia or diabetes exhibited increased risks of recurrent stroke,poor neurological outcomes,and mortality.However,few studies have explored the relationship between systolic blood pressure(SBP)levels or SBP trajectories and clinical outcomes in patients with both ischemic stroke and diabetes.
文摘In this diverse and rich collection of essays, the authors challenge a common but misleading conception about Confucianism in China, that is, that Confucianism was inward-looking, ethnocentric, and static. The essays are inspired by Joseph R. Levenson's observation that,"When Confucianism was vital, it was cosmopolitan……
文摘This special issue features articles by Huan Jin, Yao Dadui, Rania Huntington, and Chuck Wooldridge, bringing us back to the tumultuous years of the Taiping Rebellion （1850-64）. By closely examining the narration of a Taiping chronicle, the structure and content of a Taiping primer, a Confucian literatus＇ writing of a history amid the war, and four popular plays created in the early era of postwar reconstruction, the four articles in this special issue present us with the uncertain moral world that the war brought to the people of China, revealing the anxiety, pain, and the role of faith and ideology which have long evaded previous Taiping studies.
