基于CiteSpace软件进行认知障碍照护的文献计量学分析

目的:整体把握近20年国内外认知障碍照护研究热点及其差异,为国内认知障碍照护研究提供思路和方向。方法:检索Web of Science核心合集和CNKI数据库中2003年至2022年收录的相关文献,运用CiteSpace分析软件对认知障碍照护领域国家分布、发文量、研究机构、研究作者、主题识别和热点关键词等进行可视化分析。结果:当前认知障碍照护研究主要集中在发达国家;国际研究主要集中在综合性的大学,国内研究主要集中在护理学院院系;通过关键词聚类图谱分析,在国际研究领域得出照护技能方法、照顾者研究、整合照顾、干预、社会支持等研究热点,在国内研究得出照顾者负担、量表使用、长期照护体系、干预和精神症状管理等研究热点。结论:国际认知障碍照护研究热点对国内相关领域研究具有启示作用,建立政府主导、多部门联动的照护服务体系,健全长期照护服务需求评估制度和监督制度。从整合视角出发,协调多方资源,为认知障碍提供连续性高质量的服务;建立认知障碍风险评估模型和早期筛查及干预措施;尝试设计医院、社区、家庭和机构四元联动的整合照顾模式,以推进我国认知障碍照护事业的发展。

Potassium pre-inserted K1.04Mn8O16 as cathode materials for aqueous Li-ion and Na-ion hybrid capacitors

For the applications of aqueous Li-ion hybrid capacitors and Na-ion hybrid capacitors,potassium ions are pre-inserted into MnO2 tunnel structure,the as-prepared K1.04Mn8 O16 materials consist of nanoparticles and nanorods were prepared by facile high-temperature solid-state reaction.The as-prepared materials were well studied and they show outstanding electrochemical behavior.We assembled hybrid supercapacitors with commercial activated carbon(YEC-8 A)as anode and K1.04Mn8 O16 as cathode.It shows high energy and power densities.Li-ion capacitors reach a high energy density of 127.61 Wh kg-1 at the power density of 99.86 W kg-1 and Na-ion capacitor obtains 170.96 Wh kg-1 at 133.79 W kg-1.In addition,the hybrid supercapacitors demonstrate excellent cycling performance which maintain 97%capacitance retention for Li-ion capacitor and 85%for Na-ion capacitor after 10,000 cycles.

基于Bloom目标分类理论的翻转课堂模式在口腔本科正畸教学中的应用

目的研究基于教学大纲的讲座授课模式与基于Bloom目标分类理论的翻转课堂模式在口腔本科正畸教学中的效果差异,探讨基于Bloom目标分类理论的翻转课堂教学流程。方法建立规范化的基于Bloom目标分类理论的翻转课堂教学流程。将两种教学模式分别应用于上海交通大学口腔医学院2018级和2019级口腔医学专业五年制本科口腔正畸学理论教学,设计教学效果调查问卷评估学生对理论知识的学习程度、对学习目标的理解程度、对教学方式的满意程度和学习兴趣等,用SPSS 26.0软件统计分析,t检验比较两组差异。结果2018级和2019级有效填写问卷分别为58份(应答率93.5%)和74份(应答率97.4%)。相较于2018级基于教学大纲的讲座授课模式,2019级基于Bloom目标分类理论的翻转课堂模式下,学生对理论知识的自我评分提高了10.3%,由(7.3±1.3)分提高到(8.3±1.4)分,差异有统计学意义(t=-4.068,P<0.001)。学生考试成绩提高了19.0%,由(7.1±2.2)分提高到(9.0±1.7)分,差异有统计学意义(t′=-5.348,P<0.001)。同时学生对教学目标、思政与人文目标、医德医风的理解和领悟都明显提高,分别提高了6.2%(t′=2.230,P=0.028)、8.0%(t=-2.667,P=0.009)和8.2%(t=-3.309,P=0.003)。学生对教学模式、预习方式、教学大纲和课堂时长的满意度都明显提高,分别提高了6.0%(t=-2.530,P=0.013)、8.0%(t=-3.195,P=0.002)、7.0%(t=-2.521,P=0.013)和9.6%(t=-3.638,P<0.001)。学生的学习兴趣增强了3.6%(t=-1.576,P=0.117)。课前预习的时长两种教学模式基本一致,差异没有统计学意义(t=-1.020,P=0.310),但基于Bloom目标分类理论的翻转课堂模式可以缩短课后复习时间,差异没有统计学意义(t=1.433,P=0.154)。结论本研究建立的基于Bloom目标分类理论的翻转课堂教学模式的规范化教学流程,结合思政与人文教学目标,能提升教学效果,值得在口腔医学本科理论教学中推广应用。

Retrospective Analysis of the Duration of Hospitalization of Imported Patients Infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Guangzhou, 2021

The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 is“not over,”in fact,the“dynamic clearing”policy for SARS-CoV-2 control and prevention in China has been firmly enforced.This study aimed to analyze the clinical symptoms and dynamic viral RNA changes in 2021 at Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital.This study showed that 31.4%of the patients(695/2212)tested negative for viral RNA from admission to the final release from quarantine.Of all negative cases,86.5%(601/695)remained in the hospital for no more than 5 days and were asymptomatic or mild.Among the remaining 402 patients who stayed for no more than 5 days,76.4%(307/402)were viral RNA retest positive during the isolation stage.However,96.4%of the peak viral RNA(296/307)was over Ct=33 cycles during the isolation stage.

Salivary exosomal PSMA7： a promising biomarker of inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel disease （IBD） is an intestinal immune-dysfunctional disease worldwide whose prevalence increasing in Asia including China. It is a chronic disease of the gastrointestinal tract with unknown cause. Exosomes are small vesicles in various body fluids. They have diameters of 40-120 nm, and one of their functions is long-distance transfer of various sub- stances. In this study, we investigated the contents of salivary exosomes in patients with IBD and in healthy controls to explore a new biomarker in patients with IBD. In this study, whole saliva was obtained from patients with IBD （ulcerative colitis （UC）, n = 37; Crohn＇s disease （CD）, n = 11） and apparently healthy individuals （HC, n = 10）. Salivary exosomes were extracted from samples, and the proteins within the exosomes were iden- tified by liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer （LC- MS/MS）. The results showed that more than 2000 proteins were detected in salivary exosomes from patients with IBD. Through gene ontology analysis, we found that proteasome subunit alpha type 7 （PSMA7） showed especially marked differences between patients with IBD and the healthy controls, in that its expression level was much higher in the CD and UC groups. This exosomal protein is related to proteasome activity and inflamma- tory responses. So we conclude that in this research,salivary exosomal PSMA7 was present at high levels in salivary exosomes from subjects with IBD. It can be a very promising biomarker to release the patients from the pain of colonoscopy.

嵌入多原子掺杂碳纳米阵列中的磷掺杂双金属硫化物应用于柔性全固态超级电容器

柔性超级电容器具有超长使用寿命、可折叠、可穿戴等特点,已成为研究热点.然而,较低的能量密度限制了其更广泛的应用.本文采用简单的方法合成了一种嵌入多原子(氮,硫和磷原子)掺杂碳壳的磷掺杂双金属硫化物(P-ZCS/HC)作为高性能柔性电极.在退火过程中,前驱体的三维形貌保持不变,同时纳米片表面有凸起的纳米球形颗粒形成,这大大增加了电极的比表面积.优化后的P-ZCS/HC电极在1 A g^(-1)时具有1080 C g^(-1)高比电容值,且循环稳定性出色.这些优异的性能主要是由于该电极材料可发生丰富的氧化还原反应,磷化后增强的导电性,以及磷掺杂金属硫化物和多原子掺杂碳壳之间的协同效应.密度泛函理论模拟表明,磷掺杂处理具有提高电导率、改善反应动力学和促进OH-吸附的积极作用.组装的全固态柔性混合超级电容器最高能量密度可达62.9 W h kg^(-1),功率密度可达16 k W kg^(-1),循环10,000次后仍能保持初始容量的92.0%.这一完整和系统的研究为将来设计具有复杂成分和优异结构的柔性电极提供了一种新的思路.

Gold nanoparticles with surface-anchored chiral poly（acryloyI-L（D）-valine） induce differential response on mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis

Chirality is one of the most distinctive biochemical signatures of life, and plays crucial roles in maintaining normal functions of living cells or organisms. Pioneering work from another group has demonstrated the dependency of cell differentiation on the chirality of nano-coated substrates, but the effect of the chiral surface of nanoparticles on stem cell fates has not been investigated. In this study, the influence of molecular chiral poly（acryloyl-L（D）-valine） （L（D）- PAV）-anchored gold nanoparticles （L（D）-PAV-AuNPs） on the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） was investigated. Though osteogenic differentiation of MSCs was not affected by D-PAV-AuNPs, it was significantly promoted by L-PAV-AuNPs in terms of calcium deposition, alkaline phosphatase （ALP） activity, and expression of collagen type I and osteocalcin （OCN） at both mRNA and protein levels. L-PAV-AuNPs could activate the P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） pathway, and may exert mechanical stress on MSCs because of high amounts of internalization. These results provide new insights on surface chirality at the nanoscale as a direct regulator to guide the differentiation of MSCs, and the use of these nanomaterials for strategic regenerative medicine.

DNA methylation profile is associated with the osteogenic potential of three distinct human odontogenic stem cells

Among the various sources of human autologous stem cells,stem cells isolated from dental tissues exhibit excellent properties in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.However,the distinct potential of these odontogenic cell lines remains unclear.In this study,we analyzed DNA methylation patterns to determine whether specific differences existed among three different odontogenic cell types.Using the HumanMethylation450 Beadchip,the whole genomes of human dental pulp stem cells(DPSCs),periodontal ligament stem cells(PDLSCs),and dental follicle progenitor cells(DFPCs)were compared.Then,the osteogenic potential of these cells was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo,and the methylation levels of certain genes related to bone formation differed among the three cell lines.P values less than 0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance.The three cell types showed highly similar DNA methylation patterns,although specific differences were identified.Gene ontology analysis revealed that one of the most significantly different gene categories was related to bone formation.Thus,expression of cell surface epitopes and osteogenic-related transcription factors as well as the bone formation capacity were compared.The results showed that compared with DFPCs and DPSCs,PDLSCs had higher transcription levels of osteogenic-related factors,a higher in vitro osteogenic potential,and an increased new bone formation capacity in vivo.In conclusion,the results of this study suggested that the differential DNA methylation profiles could be related to the osteogenic potential of these human odontogenic cell populations.Additionally,the increased osteogenic potential of PDLSCs might aid researchers or clinicians in making better choices regarding tissue regeneration and clinical therapies.

Light-induced dynamic RGD pattern for sequential modulation of macrophage phenotypes

Due to the critical roles of macrophage in immune response and tissue repair,harnessing macrophage phenotypes dynamically to match the tissue healing process on demand attracted many attentions.Although there have developed many advanced platforms with dynamic features for cell manipulation,few studies have designed a dynamic chemical pattern to sequentially polarize macrophage phenotypes and meet the immune requirements at various tissue repair stages.Here,we propose a novel strategy for spatiotemporal manipulation of macrophage phenotypes by a UV-induced dynamic Arg-Gly-Asp(RGD)pattern.By employing a photo-patterning technique and the specific interaction between cyclodextrin(CD)and azobenzene-RGD(Azo-RGD),we prepared a polyethylene glycol-dithiol/polyethylene glycol-norbornene(PEG-SH/PEG-Nor)hydrogel with dynamic RGD-patterned surface.After irradiation with 365-nm UV light,the homogeneous RGD surface was transformed to the RGD-patterned surface which induced morphological transformation of macrophages from round to elongated and subsequent phenotypic transition from pro-inflammation to anti-inflammation.The mechanism of phenotypic polarization induced by RGD pattern was proved to be related to Rho-associated protein kinase 2(ROCK2).Sequential modulation of macrophage phenotypes by the dynamic RGD-patterned surface provides a remote and non-invasive strategy to manipulate immune reactions and achieve optimized healing outcomes.

Persistently low CD4 cell counts are associated with hepatic events in HCV/HIV coinfected patients: data from the national free antiretroviral treatment program of China

Background: Chronic liver disease has emerged as a leading cause of non-acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related mortality in hepatitis C virus (HCV)/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-coinfected patients. The relationship between CD4 cell count and HIV-related opportunistic infections and tumors has been well characterized;however, it is unclear whether CD4 cell count is associated with HCV-related hepatic events.Methods: This observational cohort study enrolled HCV/HIV-coinfected patients from the National Free Antiretroviral Treatment Program of China from 2004 to 2019 in Guangzhou. The primary outcome was a composite of hepatic events, including cirrhosis complications, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and liver-related mortality. Kaplan-Meier survival and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed.Results: Among the 793 patients, 43 developed hepatic events during a median follow-up of 6.7 years, including 35 cirrhosis complications, 13 HCC cases, and 14 cases of liver-related mortality. The 5-year and 10-year cumulative incidences of hepatic events were 4.2% and 9.3%, respectively. Patients who developed hepatic events had a less satisfactory increase in CD4 cell count, lower peak CD4 (354.5 cells/μLvs. 560.0 cells/μL,P < 0.001), and lower percentage of peak CD4 > 500 cells/μL (30.2%vs. 60.7%,P < 0.001) after the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) than those who did not. The cumulative incidences of hepatic events were higher in patients with lower peak CD4 levels with adjusted odds ratios of 3.96 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.51-10.40), 2.25 (95% CI: 0.87-5.86), and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.35-2.74) for patients with peak CD4 at <200 cells/μL, 200-350 cells/μL, and 351 to 500 cells/μL, respectively, relative to those with peak CD4 > 500 cells/μL. Peak CD4 was negatively associated with the risk of hepatic events in a dose-response manner (P-value for trend = 0.004).Conclusion: Persistently low CD4 cell counts after ART are independently associated with a high risk of hepatic events in HCV/HIV-coinfected patients, highlighting the important role of immune reconstitution in improving liver outcomes.

The compartmentalized upper respiratory mucosa needs time to rally a sufficient immune force for SARS-CoV-2 clearance

SARS-CoV-2 viral reoccurrence,which is defined as reliable detection of mature virus or viral products in discharged or recovered individuals with at least two consecutive negative detections of viral genomic ribonucleic acid(RNA)by standard reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT‒PCR),raises public concerns about transmission risk and warrants exploration of the underlying mechanism.