Coexistence behavior of asymmetric attractors in hyperbolic-type memristive Hopfield neural network and its application in image encryption

The neuron model has been widely employed in neural-morphic computing systems and chaotic circuits.This study aims to develop a novel circuit simulation of a three-neuron Hopfield neural network(HNN)with coupled hyperbolic memristors through the modification of a single coupling connection weight.The bistable mode of the hyperbolic memristive HNN(mHNN),characterized by the coexistence of asymmetric chaos and periodic attractors,is effectively demonstrated through the utilization of conventional nonlinear analysis techniques.These techniques include bifurcation diagrams,two-parameter maximum Lyapunov exponent plots,local attractor basins,and phase trajectory diagrams.Moreover,an encryption technique for color images is devised by leveraging the mHNN model and asymmetric structural attractors.This method demonstrates significant benefits in correlation,information entropy,and resistance to differential attacks,providing strong evidence for its effectiveness in encryption.Additionally,an improved modular circuit design method is employed to create the analog equivalent circuit of the memristive HNN.The correctness of the circuit design is confirmed through Multisim simulations,which align with numerical simulations conducted in Matlab.

Quality Standard Research of Shenqi Qiangjing Granules

[Objectives]The paper was to establish the quality standard of Shenqi Qiangjing granules and to conduct routine inspection of granular dosage forms.[Methods]The particle size,moisture,loss on drying,dissolubility,content uniformity and microbial limit of Shenqi Qiangjing granules were detected.Radix Astragali,Herba Epimedii,Radix Dipsaci and Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis were qualitatively identified by thin layer chromatography(TLC).[Results]The particle size,moisture,loss on drying,dissolubility,content uniformity and microbial limit of Shenqi Qiangjing granules were all in line with the relevant regulations of Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China(2020 edition).Radix Astragali,Herba Epimedii,Radix Dipsaci and Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis had clear fluorescent spots in TLC assay,and no such spots were found in negative control.[Conclusions]The method has the advantages of simple operation,accurate and reliable results,strong specificity and good repeatability,and can effectively control the quality of Shenqi Qiangjing granules.

Quality Standard of Fuyang Wenshen Granules

[Objectives]To establish the quality standard of Fuyang Wenshen Granules and carry out the routine examination of granule type.[Methods]The particle size,water content,solubility,loading difference and microbial limit of Fuyang Wenshen Granules were examined,and TLC was used for qualitative identification of Astmgali Radix and Notoginseng Radix Et Rhizoma.[Results]The particle size,water content,solubility,loading difference,and microbial limit of Fuyang Wenshen Granules complied with the relevant provisions of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China(2020).The TLC spots of Astmgali Radix and Notoginseng Radix Et Rhizoma were clearly colored,and negative had no interference.[Conclusions]The method was simple,accurate,reliable,specific and reproducible,and can effectively control the quality of Fuyang Wenshen Granules.

Skin Toxicity of Wufang Babu Ointment to Zebrafish

[Objectives]Using wild-type AB strain of zebrafish as experimental animal,this study investigated the damaging effect of Wufang Babu Ointment on skin cells,in order to evaluate the skin toxicity of Wufang Babu Ointment.[Methods]Wild-type AB strain of zebrafish with an age of 2 d were taken and fed in different concentrations of Wufang Babu Ointment solution for 24 h.The number of deaths in each group of zebrafish was recorded,and the mortality rate was calculated.Using Origin 8.0 software,the maximum non lethal concentration(MNLC)was simulated.Zebrafish raised in different concentrations of Wufang Babu Ointment solution for 24 h were placed under an anatomical microscope for taking photos,to analyze and calculate the incidence of skin damage in zebrafish.Based on the statistical analysis results of this indicator,the skin toxicity of Wufang Babu Ointment was evaluated.[Results]The MNLC of Wufang Babu Ointment on zebrafish was 671μg/mL;Wufang Babu Ointment can induce skin damage at the concentrations of 224μg/mL(1/3 MNLC)and 671μg/mL(MNLC).[Conclusions]Wufang Babu Ointment had certain skin toxicity to zebrafish.

Native Expanding <i>Merremia boisiana</i>Is Not More Allelopathic than Its Non-Expanding Congener <i>M. vitifolia</i>in the Expanded Range in Hainan

Exotic invaders may possess novel biochemical weapons that native plants do not have, and these novel biochemical weapons may be more allelopathic than those from native plants to other native competitors. During range expansion, native species also encounter many new plant competitors. Thus, allelochemicals from native expanding species may also be more novel and allelopathic than those from non-expanding species to other plant competitors in the expanded range. We test this hypothesis using the native expanding Merremia boisiana and its non-expanding congener M. vitifolia in year 2012 inthe expanded range inHainan. In petridish bioassays, we found that aqueous extracts of M. boisiana leaves were often less inhibitory or more stimulatory to seed germination and seedling growth of five vegetable species than those of M. vitifolia leaves. In pot culture, we also found that aqueous leaf extracts of the two congeners could both inhibit the growth of a naturally co-occurring plant Paederia scanden, but their effects did not differ from each other. These results indicate that while allelopathy may contribute to the competitive ability of M. boisiana, it may not act as a novel weapon explaining its success in the expanded range in Hainan.

Lieb Lattices Formed by Real Atoms on Ag(111)and Their Lattice Constant-Dependent Electronic Properties

Scanning tunneling microscopy is a powerful tool to build artificial atomic structures that do not exist in nature but possess exotic properties.In this study,we constructed Lieb lattices with different lattice constants by real atoms,i.e.,Fe atoms on Ag(111),and probed their electronic properties.We obtain a surprising long-range effective electron wavefunction overlap between Fe adatoms as it exhibits a 1/r;dependence with the interatomic distance r instead of the theoretically predicted exponential one.Combining control experiments,tight-binding modeling,and Green’s function calculations,we attribute the observed long-range overlap to being enabled by the surface state.Our findings enrich the understanding of the electron wavefunction overlap and provide a convenient platform to design and explore artificial structures and future devices with real atoms.

Construction and Analysis of SSH-cDNA Library from Leaves of Susceptible Rubber Clone Resistant to Powdery Mildew Induced by BTH

To understand the mechanism of benzothiadiazole (BTH)-induced susceptible rubber clone resistance to powdery mildew on gene level, a differentially expressed cDNA library was constructed by suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) with rubber Reyan 7-33-97 clone. The constructed cDNA library was high integrity through detection of the critical processes of SSH, such as efficiency of adaptor connection, subtraction and conversion, as well as the type of recombinant genes. The positive rate was 99% after identification with random 400 white spots. The size of the cDNA clone inserted fragments was various but most in 400 bp - 1000 bp. There were 23 cDNA sequences matching the function of energy and basic metabolism, signal transduction, membrane and transport, secondary metabolism and so on after detection of the 42 positive clone sequences selected randomly from the cDNA library and comparison on nucleic acid sequences in Genbank. 7 ESTs were logged in Genbank and accession numbers were GW873071 and GW874604- GW874610. The results implicated that BTH could effectively induced rubber tree resistance to powdery mildew through increasing expresses of defense-related genes in leaves of rubber tree susceptible clone. It should provide a new approach for rubber disease management.

蚕丝丝肽嗜热栖热菌发酵液对皮肤抗炎抗衰功效的增效作用

为研究嗜热栖热菌发酵的蚕丝丝肽在皮肤抗炎抗衰功效上的增效作用,以脂多糖(LPS)诱导的角质形成细胞(HaCaT细胞)和双氧水(H2O2)诱导的成纤维细胞(HDF细胞)为研究模型,通过比色法、酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)等方法检测蚕丝丝肽、嗜热栖热菌发酵液和蚕丝丝肽发酵液对细胞活力、炎症因子白介素1β(IL-1β)和白介素6(IL-6)的含量、屏障保湿相关蛋白水通道蛋白3(AQP3)和丝聚蛋白(FLG)的含量、衰老相关标志物超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、晚期糖基化终产物(AGEs)和人1型胶原蛋白(Col-1)的含量变化的影响。结果表明,蚕丝丝肽发酵液能够显著降低IL-1β,IL-6,AGEs含量,显著促进FLG,AQP3,SOD和Col-1表达,且相较于蚕丝丝肽能更显著抑制IL-6和AGEs表达,更显著促进HDF细胞迁移和SOD合成,而相较于嗜热栖热菌发酵液能更显著降低IL-1β,IL-6和AGEs表达,更显著促进AQP3表达、HDF细胞迁移和SOD的合成,即认为蚕丝丝肽发酵液相较于单一的蚕丝丝肽和嗜热栖热菌发酵液具备抗炎、屏障保湿及抗衰功效的增效作用。

Effects of electric field on vibrational resonances in Hindmarsh-Rose neuronal systems for signal detection

Changes in the concentration of charged ions in neurons can generate induced electric fields,which can further modulate cell membrane potential.In this paper,Fourier coefficients are used to investigate the effect of electric field on vibrational resonance for signal detection in a single neuron model and a bidirectionally coupled neuron model,respectively.The study found that the internal electric field weakens vibrational resonance by changing two factors,membrane potential and phase-locked mode,while the periodic external electric field of an appropriate frequency significantly enhances the vibrational resonance,suggesting that the external electric field may play a constructive role in the detection of weak signals in the brain and neuronal systems.Furthermore,when the coupling of two neurons is considered,the effect of the electric field on the vibrational resonance is similar to that of a single neuron.The paper also illustrates the effect of electric field coupling on vibrational resonance.This study may provide a new theoretical basis for understanding information encoding and transmission in neurons.

Morphology-dependent activation of hydrogen peroxide with Cu_(2)O for tetracycline hydrochloride degradation in bicarbonate aqueous solution

The design of efficient heterogeneous catalysts in bicarbonate-activated hydrogen peroxide systems(BAP)is a hot topic in wastewater treatment.In this work,Cu_(2)O nanoparticles with different morphologies including cubic shape(c-Cu_(2)O),octahedron shape(o-Cu_(2)O)and spherical shape(s-Cu_(2)O),were applied in BAP for the first time to degrade tetracycline hydrochloride(TC).Compared with Cu^(2+)ions and CuO,TC degradation was boosted in the presence of Cu_(2)O in the BAP system,with the degradation rate following the order c-Cu_(2)O>o-Cu_(2)O>s-Cu_(2)O.The morphology-dependent effects could be linearly correlated with the ratio of surface oxygen species(O_S),but not with the surface area or Cu(Ⅰ)ratio.The c-Cu_(2)O catalyst with exposure of(100)facets contained 76.6%O_Sas the active site for H_(2)O_(2)adsorption and activation,while the value was much lower for o-Cu_(2)O and s-Cu_(2)O with dominant(111)facets.The presence of HCO_(3)-enhanced the interactions among Cu_(2)O,H_(2)O_(2)and TC,leading to facile oxidation of Cu(Ⅰ)to Cu(Ⅱ)by H_(2)O_(2),and the formation of various reactive species such as hydroxyl radicals and Cu(Ⅲ)contributed to TC degradation.This work provides a new method for enhancing H_(2)O_(2)activation with heterogeneous catalysts by crystal facet engineering.

A centromere map based on super pan-genome highlights the structure and function of rice centromeres

Rice(Oryza sativa)is a significant crop worldwide with a genome shaped by various evolutionary factors.Rice centromeres are crucial for chromosome segregation,and contain some unreported genes.Due to the diverse and complex centromere region,a comprehensive understanding of rice centromere structure and function at the population level is needed.We constructed a high-quality centromere map based on the rice super pangenome consisting of a 251-accession panel comprising both cultivated and wild species of Asian and African rice.We showed that rice centromeres have diverse satellite repeat CentO,which vary across chromosomes and subpopulations,reflecting their distinct evolutionary patterns.We also revealed that long terminal repeats(LTRs),especially young Gypsy-type LTRs,are abundant in the peripheral CentO-enriched regions and drive rice centromere expansion and evolution.Furthermore,high-quality genome assembly and complete telomere-to-telomere(T2T)reference genome enable us to obtain more centromeric genome information despite mapping and cloning of centromere genes being challenging.We investigated the association between structural variations and gene expression in the rice centromere.A centromere gene,OsMAB,which positively regulates rice tiller number,was further confirmed by expression quantitative trait loci,haplotype analysis and clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein9 methods.By revealing the new insights into the evolutionary patterns and biological roles of rice centromeres,our finding will facilitate future research on centromere biology and crop improvement.

Mechanisms of glutamate metabolic function and dysfunction in vasculardementia

As the global population ages,research on the pathogenesis and treatment options for older patients with dementia has become increasingly important.Vascular dementia(VaD),the second most frequent type of dementia,is characterized by vascular impairment caused by inadequate blood supply to the brain.VaD is a complex neurological disorder involving multiple cells and signaling pathways,and its prevention and treatment pose clinical challenges with significant behavioral implications.Glutamate,the most abundant amino acid in the brain,plays a critical role as an excitatory neurotransmitter,impacting cognitive function,learning,and memory.Abnormal glutamate metabolism has been closely linked to dementia,and reduced blood flow to the brain can lead to excessive glutamate accumulation,resulting in neuronal death.This article highlights the connection between VaD and glutamate metabolism,aiming to identify better methods for preventing and treating VaD via regulating glutamate metabolism.

ReaxFF MD局部区域反应追踪与物理性质可视化分析

基于ReaxFF反应力场的反应分子动力学(ReaxFF MD)模拟方法已应用于复杂反应过程如热解、氧化、催化反应等反应机理的研究而备受关注。这类过程不仅化学反应复杂、且伴随物理过程的变化,其模拟结果分析具有挑战性。国际上首个ReaxFF MD化学反应分析及可视化工具VARxMD可在自动分析化学反应位点的基础上获得完整反应列表、反应物和生成物的动态演化、指定反应物与生成物之间的反应网络等多层次化学反应信息,并进行基于2D和3D化学结构的可视化。因VARxMD主要针对完整模拟体系进行全局化学反应信息的挖掘,缺乏针对模拟体系中指定3D局部区域内的化学反应进行追踪和物理性质分析的能力。本工作基于VARxMD对全局化学反应的分析结果和可视化方法,通过动态继承VARxMD的全局反应分析结果,从VARxMD全局反应3D可视化视图入手进行扩展,将VTK可视化框架的观察者模式与命令模式相结合,建立了模拟体系3D局部区域的选择和绘制方法,实现了3D局部区域内化学反应追踪和瞬态结构特性的分析。从模拟体系全局分析到3D局部区域分析能力的扩展已应用于煤热解反应模拟中煤颗粒孔道间的反应追踪以及含能材料热分解过程中富碳团簇形成过程中的瞬态结构表征,也有望应用于催化反应体系表界面反应分析、含能材料爆轰过程中反应热点分析,以及煤、生物质、高分子、碳氢燃料、含能材料等体系的热解与氧化反应的ReaxFF MD模拟。

Comprehensive Marine Observing Experiment Based on High-Altitude Large Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(South China Sea Experiment2020 of the “Petrel Project”)

In collaboration with 12 other institutions, the Meteorological Observation Center of the China Meteorological Administration undertook a comprehensive marine observation experiment in the South China Sea using the Yilong-10 high-altitude large unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV). The Yilong-10 UAV carried a self-developed dropsonde system and a millimeter-wave cloud radar system. In addition, a solar-powered unmanned surface vessel and two drifting buoys were used. The experiment was further supported by an intelligent, reciprocating horizontal drifting radiosonde system that was deployed from the Sansha Meteorological Observing Station, with the intent of producing a stereoscopic observation over the South China Sea. Comprehensive three-dimensional observations were collected using the system from 31 July to2 August, 2020. This information was used to investigate the formation and development processes of Typhoon Sinlaku(2020). The data contain measurements of 21 oceanic and meteorological parameters acquired by the five devices, along with video footage from the UAV. The data proved very helpful in determining the actual location and intensity of Typhoon Sinlaku(2020). The experiment demonstrates the feasibility of using a high-altitude, large UAV to fill in the gaps between operational meteorological observations of marine areas and typhoons near China, and marks a milestone for the use of such data for analyzing the structure and impact of a typhoon in the South China Sea. It also demonstrates the potential for establishing operational UAV meteorological observing systems in the future, and the assimilation of such data into numerical weather prediction models.

The effects of clay minerals and organic matter on nanoscale pores in Lower Paleozoic shale gas reservoirs, Guizhou, China

In organic-rich gas shales, clay minerals and organic matter(OM) have significant influences on the origin, preservation, and production of shale gas. Because of the substantial role of nanoscale pores in the generation,storage, and seepage of shale gas, we examined the effects of clay minerals and OM on nanoscale pore distribution characteristics in Lower Paleozoic shale gas reservoirs.Using the Niutitang and Longmaxi shales as examples, we determined the effects of clay minerals and OM on pores through sedimentation experiments. Field emission–scanning electron microscopy combined with low-pressure N2 adsorption of the samples before and after sedimentation showed significant differences in pore location and pore size distribution between the Niutitang and Longmaxi shales. Nanoscale pores mostly existed in OM in the Longmaxi shale and in clay minerals or OM–clay composites in the Niutitang shale. The distribution differences were attributed largely to variability in thermal evolution and tectonic development and might account for the difference in gas-bearing capacity between the Niutitang and Longmaxi reservoirs. In the nanoscale range, mesopores accounted for 61–76% of total nanoscale pore volume.Considerably developed nanoscale pores in OM were distributed in a broad size range in the Longmaxi shale, which led to good pore connectivity and gas production.Numerous narrow pores(i.e., pores \ 20 nm) in OM–clay composites were found in the Niutitang shale, and might account for this shale's poor pore connectivity and low gas production efficiency. Enhancing the connectivity of the mesopores(especially pores \ 20 nm and those developed in OM–clay composites) might be the key to improving development of the Niutitang shale. The findings provide new insight into the formation and evolutionary mechanism of nanoscale pores developed in OM and clay minerals.

Boosting Sodium Storage of Fe1?xS/MoS2 Composite via Heterointerface Engineering

Improving the cycling stability of metal sulfide-based anode materials at high rate is of great significance for advanced sodium ion batteries.However,the sluggish reaction kinetics is a big obstacle for the development of high-performance sodium storage electrodes.Herein,we have rationally engineered the heterointerface by designing the Fe1?xS/MoS2 heterostructure with abundant“ion reservoir”to endow the electrode with excellent cycling stability and rate capability,which is proved by a series of in and ex situ electrochemical investigations.Density functional theory calculations further reveal that the heterointerface greatly decreases sodium ion diffusion barrier and facilitates charge-transfer kinetics.Our present findings not only provide a deep analysis on the correlation between the structure and performance,but also draw inspiration for rational heterointerface engineering toward the next-generation high-performance energy storage devices.

Progress in the Treatment of Fungal Infections of the Central Nervous System

HThe incidence of fungal infections of the central nervous system(CNS) has gradually increased in recent years. Intracranial fungal infection can be classified as diffuse and focal infections. The clinical manifestations of these infections include fever and cranial pressure caused by meningitis or meningoencephalitis, and focal neurological defects caused by lesions in the intracranial space. Diagnosing fungal infections of the CNS requires the comprehensive analysis of the patient's medical history, epidemiology, underlying disease, clinical manifestation, imaging manifestations, and various laboratory test results. The identification of fungal bodies or structures in brain tissue or cerebrospinal fluid specimens is the golden standard of diagnosis. The principles for the treatment of the fungal infections of the CNS are the effective control of pathogenic risk factors, use of effective antifungal drugs, and the active implementation of surgical intervention for fungal abscesses and granuloma. In the meantime, new diagnoses and treatments should be actively explored to improve the prognosis of patients.

Identifying candidate genes and patterns of heat-stress response in rice using a genome-wide association study and transcriptome analyses

Because high temperatures impair rice production,it is desirable to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms involved in rice response to heat stress.The objectives of this study were to identify candidate genes and characterize their response patterns during rice adaptation to high temperatures at the seedling stage.Ten heat-associated quantitative-trait loci were identified in a genome-wide association study.Comparison of transcript abundances in heat-sensitive and heat-tolerant rice pools under heat stress revealed approximately 400 differentially expressed genes.The expression of genes from heatsensitive accessions changed more than those from heat-tolerant accessions under heat stress.Alternative splicing(AS)events responded to heat stress in rice.The types of AS variants significant different between the heat-sensitive and heat-tolerant accessions.Expression patterns differing between the heat-sensitive and heat-tolerant accessions were identified for genes known to be involved in heat stress.We identified eleven genes associated with rice heat stress response.These genes could be pyramided to breed heat-tolerant rice accessions.

小学古诗词吟诵教学策略实践研究

吟诵教学是介于诵读和歌唱之间的一种读书方式,也是教学方法。当下,吟诵教学是古诗词教学的方向和前景,也是大力推进国学的新举措。小学教师掌握吟诵教学策略在古诗词教学中有非常积极的意义。知晓吟诵,闻其趣;认识吟诵,知其难;理解吟诵,品其味;学习吟诵,知其法;传承吟诵,汲其华。批判地继承和发扬吟诵教学,对学生将来的学习和发展有深远的影响。

Variation characteristics and prediction of pollutant concentration during winter in Lanzhou New District, China

PM2.5 and PM10 were the main air pollutants during winter in Lanzhou New District,China.In this paper,WRF model output combined with hourly monitoring data of pollutant concentration was used to analyze characteristics of the concentration change and to study the relationship between meteorological elements and PM10/PM2.5 in Lanzhou New District in January,2018.Meanwhile,the concentration changes of PM2.5 and PM10 were predicted by wavelet analysis combined with BP neural network.The results show that:(1)Due to the cold front process in winter,PM2.5 was negatively correlated with the water vapor mixing rate.PM10 was positively correlated with air temperature and negatively correlated with air pressure.(2)There was an inversion layer in the atmosphere near the high value day of PM2.5 and PM10,the surface was controlled by low pressure,low wind speed,and the situation of low value day of PM2.5 was the opposite.On the day of high value of PM10,the air temperature below 600 hPa was higher,and the wind speed near the surface was also higher.(3)Wavelet analysis combined with BP(Back Propagation)neural network had a good prediction effect on PM2.5,which could basically reflect the hourly change of PM2.5 concentration.However,the simulation effect of PM10 was poor,and the input parameters of surrounding pollutants should be added to improve the prediction effect.