Background:Influenza and pneumococcal vaccination are a priority in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).However,limited information is available on vaccination coverage among patients with acute ...Background:Influenza and pneumococcal vaccination are a priority in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).However,limited information is available on vaccination coverage among patients with acute exacerbations of COPD(AECOPD)in China.This study aimed to determine the rates and associated factors of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination in patients hospitalized with AECOPD.Methods:Baseline data from a national,multicenter,hospital-based study that included adult inpatients with AECOPD between 2017 and 2021 were analyzed.The outcomes of interest were the influenza vaccination in the past year and the pneumococcal vaccination in the past 5 years.To ensure national representativeness,rates were weighted according to the distribution of hospital levels and types enrolled in this study.Multivariable Poisson regression based on mixed-effects models were used to determine the associated factors.The independent variables included the region and hospital features where the participants were located,sociodemographic characteristics(age,sex,rural/urban residence,education,etc.),and clinical indicators(COPD disease history,lung function parameters,comorbidities,etc.).The treatment profiles of the vaccinated and unvaccinated participants were compared.Results:Of 6949 eligible participants,the weighted rates of influenza/pneumococcal,influenza,and pneumococcal vaccination were 2.72%(95%confidence interval[CI]:2.34%-3.10%),2.09%(95%CI:1.76%-2.43%),and 1.25%(95%CI:0.99%-1.51%),respectively.In multivariable models,age≥60 years(60-69 years,odds ratio[OR]:1.90,95%CI:1.11-3.25;≥80 years,OR:2.00,95%CI:1.06-3.78),geographical regions(Northern China relative to Eastern China,OR:5.09,95%CI:1.96-13.21),urban residence(OR:1.69,95%CI:1.07-2.66),a higher education level(junior high school,OR:1.77,95%CI:1.21-2.58;senior high school or above,OR:2.61,95%CI:1.69-4.03),former smoking(OR:1.79,95%CI:1.15-2.79),and regular inhaled medication treatment(OR:3.28,95%CI:2.29-4.70)were positively associated with vaccination.Patients who had experienced severe exacerbations in the past year were less likely to be vaccinated(OR:0.65,95%CI:0.45-0.96).Compared with unvaccinated participants,vaccinated participants adhered better to pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment.Conclusions:Influenza and pneumococcal vaccination coverage are extremely low.Urgent measures are necessary to increase vaccination coverage among inpatients with AECOPD in China.展开更多
Background: Exercise, as the cornerstone of pulmonary rehabilitation, is recommended to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. The underlying molecular basis and metabolic process were not fully elucid...Background: Exercise, as the cornerstone of pulmonary rehabilitation, is recommended to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. The underlying molecular basis and metabolic process were not fully elucidated. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were classified into five groups: non-COPD/rest ( n = 8), non-COPD/exercise ( n = 7), COPD/rest ( n = 7), COPD/medium exercise ( n = 10), and COPD/intensive exercise ( n = 10). COPD animals were exposed to cigarette smoke and lipopolysaccharide instillation for 90 days, while the non-COPD control animals were exposed to room air. Non-COPD/exercise and COPD/medium exercise animals were trained on a treadmill at a decline of 5° and a speed of 15 m/min while animals in the COPD/intensive exercise group were trained at a decline of 5° and a speed of 18 m/min. After eight weeks of exercise/rest, we used ultrasonography, immunohistochemistry, transmission electron microscopy, oxidative capacity of mitochondria, airflow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (AFADESI-MSI), and transcriptomics analyses to assess rectal femoris (RF). Results: At the end of 90 days, COPD rats’ weight gain was smaller than control by 59.48 ± 15.33 g ( P = 0.0005). The oxidative muscle fibers proportion was lower ( P < 0.0001). At the end of additional eight weeks of exercise/rest, compared to COPD/rest, COPD/medium exercise group showed advantages in weight gain, femoral artery peak flow velocity (Δ58.22 mm/s, 95% CI: 13.85-102.60 mm/s, P = 0.0104), RF diameters (Δ0.16 mm, 95% CI: 0.04-0.28 mm, P = 0.0093), myofibrils diameter (Δ0.06 μm, 95% CI: 0.02-0.10 μm, P = 0.006), oxidative muscle fiber percentage (Δ4.84%, 95% CI: 0.15-9.53%, P = 0.0434), mitochondria oxidative phosphorylate capacity ( P < 0.0001). Biomolecules spatial distribution in situ and bioinformatic analyses of transcriptomics suggested COPD-related alteration in metabolites and gene expression, which can be impacted by exercise. Conclusion: COPD rat model had multi-level structure and function impairment, which can be mitigated by exercise.展开更多
In this paper, we prove the local well-posedness of the viscous surface wave equation in low regularity Sobolev spaces. The key points are to establish several new Stokes estimates depending only on the optimal bounda...In this paper, we prove the local well-posedness of the viscous surface wave equation in low regularity Sobolev spaces. The key points are to establish several new Stokes estimates depending only on the optimal boundary regularity and to construct a new iteration scheme on a known moving domain. Our method could be applied to some other fluid models with free boundaries.展开更多
基金CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(No.2021-I2M-1-049)
文摘Background:Influenza and pneumococcal vaccination are a priority in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).However,limited information is available on vaccination coverage among patients with acute exacerbations of COPD(AECOPD)in China.This study aimed to determine the rates and associated factors of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination in patients hospitalized with AECOPD.Methods:Baseline data from a national,multicenter,hospital-based study that included adult inpatients with AECOPD between 2017 and 2021 were analyzed.The outcomes of interest were the influenza vaccination in the past year and the pneumococcal vaccination in the past 5 years.To ensure national representativeness,rates were weighted according to the distribution of hospital levels and types enrolled in this study.Multivariable Poisson regression based on mixed-effects models were used to determine the associated factors.The independent variables included the region and hospital features where the participants were located,sociodemographic characteristics(age,sex,rural/urban residence,education,etc.),and clinical indicators(COPD disease history,lung function parameters,comorbidities,etc.).The treatment profiles of the vaccinated and unvaccinated participants were compared.Results:Of 6949 eligible participants,the weighted rates of influenza/pneumococcal,influenza,and pneumococcal vaccination were 2.72%(95%confidence interval[CI]:2.34%-3.10%),2.09%(95%CI:1.76%-2.43%),and 1.25%(95%CI:0.99%-1.51%),respectively.In multivariable models,age≥60 years(60-69 years,odds ratio[OR]:1.90,95%CI:1.11-3.25;≥80 years,OR:2.00,95%CI:1.06-3.78),geographical regions(Northern China relative to Eastern China,OR:5.09,95%CI:1.96-13.21),urban residence(OR:1.69,95%CI:1.07-2.66),a higher education level(junior high school,OR:1.77,95%CI:1.21-2.58;senior high school or above,OR:2.61,95%CI:1.69-4.03),former smoking(OR:1.79,95%CI:1.15-2.79),and regular inhaled medication treatment(OR:3.28,95%CI:2.29-4.70)were positively associated with vaccination.Patients who had experienced severe exacerbations in the past year were less likely to be vaccinated(OR:0.65,95%CI:0.45-0.96).Compared with unvaccinated participants,vaccinated participants adhered better to pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment.Conclusions:Influenza and pneumococcal vaccination coverage are extremely low.Urgent measures are necessary to increase vaccination coverage among inpatients with AECOPD in China.
基金supported by grants from Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)(No.2021-I2M-1-049)and(2)China-Japan Friendship Hospital Foundation for Young Scholars(No.2018-1-QN-11).
文摘Background: Exercise, as the cornerstone of pulmonary rehabilitation, is recommended to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. The underlying molecular basis and metabolic process were not fully elucidated. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were classified into five groups: non-COPD/rest ( n = 8), non-COPD/exercise ( n = 7), COPD/rest ( n = 7), COPD/medium exercise ( n = 10), and COPD/intensive exercise ( n = 10). COPD animals were exposed to cigarette smoke and lipopolysaccharide instillation for 90 days, while the non-COPD control animals were exposed to room air. Non-COPD/exercise and COPD/medium exercise animals were trained on a treadmill at a decline of 5° and a speed of 15 m/min while animals in the COPD/intensive exercise group were trained at a decline of 5° and a speed of 18 m/min. After eight weeks of exercise/rest, we used ultrasonography, immunohistochemistry, transmission electron microscopy, oxidative capacity of mitochondria, airflow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (AFADESI-MSI), and transcriptomics analyses to assess rectal femoris (RF). Results: At the end of 90 days, COPD rats’ weight gain was smaller than control by 59.48 ± 15.33 g ( P = 0.0005). The oxidative muscle fibers proportion was lower ( P < 0.0001). At the end of additional eight weeks of exercise/rest, compared to COPD/rest, COPD/medium exercise group showed advantages in weight gain, femoral artery peak flow velocity (Δ58.22 mm/s, 95% CI: 13.85-102.60 mm/s, P = 0.0104), RF diameters (Δ0.16 mm, 95% CI: 0.04-0.28 mm, P = 0.0093), myofibrils diameter (Δ0.06 μm, 95% CI: 0.02-0.10 μm, P = 0.006), oxidative muscle fiber percentage (Δ4.84%, 95% CI: 0.15-9.53%, P = 0.0434), mitochondria oxidative phosphorylate capacity ( P < 0.0001). Biomolecules spatial distribution in situ and bioinformatic analyses of transcriptomics suggested COPD-related alteration in metabolites and gene expression, which can be impacted by exercise. Conclusion: COPD rat model had multi-level structure and function impairment, which can be mitigated by exercise.
基金supported by National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents of China(Grants No.BX201700039)supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11571063 and 11771045)supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11425103)
文摘In this paper, we prove the local well-posedness of the viscous surface wave equation in low regularity Sobolev spaces. The key points are to establish several new Stokes estimates depending only on the optimal boundary regularity and to construct a new iteration scheme on a known moving domain. Our method could be applied to some other fluid models with free boundaries.
