急性缺血性脑卒中患者认知功能的影响因素分析

目的:探究急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)患者认知功能现况并分析其影响因素。方法:收集2021年12月至2022年11月就诊于安徽医科大学第一附属医院神经内科的192例急性缺血性脑卒中患者的一般资料,采用长沙版蒙特利尔认知功能评估量表、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表和日常生活活动能力量表对全部AIS患者进行评估,探究睡眠质量和日常生活活动能力是否为认知功能的影响因素。结果:192名AIS患者认知功能得分为(22.89±3.77)分,匹兹堡睡眠质量指数得分为(7.20±4.21)分。相关性分析显示,AIS患者的认知功能与匹兹堡睡眠质量、睡眠时间、睡眠效率以及日间功能障碍程度呈负相关(P<0.05),与日常生活活动能力呈正相关(P<0.05)。多因素分析显示,文化程度及日常生活活动能力是AIS患者认知功能的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:AIS患者总体认知功能下降发生率较高,且认知功能受文化程度以及日常生活活动能力的影响。

Quasi-Three-Dimensional Cyclotriphosphazene-Based Covalent Organic Framework Nanosheet for Efficient Oxygen Reduction

Metal-free carbon-based materials are considered as promising oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)electrocatalysts for clean energy conversion,and their highly dense and exposed carbon active sites are crucial for efficient ORR.In this work,two unique quasi-three-dimensional cyclotriphosphazene-based covalent organic frameworks(Q3CTP-COFs)and their nanosheets were successfully synthesized and applied as ORR electrocatalysts.The abundant electrophilic structure in Q3CTP-COFs induces a high density of carbon active sites,and the unique bilayer stacking of[6+3]imine-linked backbone facilitates the exposure of active carbon sites and accelerates mass diffusion during ORR.In particular,bulk Q3CTP-COFs can be easily exfoliated into thin COF nanosheets(NSs)due to the weak interlayerπ-πinteractions.Q3CTP-COF NSs exhibit highly efficient ORR catalytic activity(half-wave potential of 0.72 V vs.RHE in alkaline electrolyte),which is one of the best COF-based ORR electrocatalysts reported so far.Furthermore,Q3CTP-COF NSs can serve as a promising cathode for Zn-air batteries(delivered power density of 156 mW cm-2 at 300 mA cm^(-2)).This judicious design and accurate synthesis of such COFs with highly dense and exposed active sites and their nanosheets will promote the development of metal-free carbon-based electrocatalysts.

Controllable Vapor Growth of Large-Area Aligned CdS_xSe_(1-x) Nanowires for Visible Range Integratable Photodetectors

The controllable growth of large area band gap engineered-semiconductor nanowires(NWs) with precise orientation and position is of immense significance in the development of integrated optoelectronic devices. In this study, we have achieved large area in-plane-aligned CdS_xSe_(1-x) nanowires via chemical vapor deposition method. The orientation and position of the alloyed CdS_xSe_(1-x)NWs could be controlled well by the graphoepitaxial effect and the patterns of Au catalyst. Microstructure characterizations of these as-grown samples reveal that the aligned CdS_xSe_(1-x)NWs possess smooth surface and uniform diameter. The aligned CdS_xSe_(1-x)NWs have strong photoluminescence and high-quality optical waveguide emission covering almost the entire visible wavelength range. Furthermore, photodetectors were constructed based on individual alloyed CdS_xSe_(1-x)NWs. These devices exhibit high performance and fast response speed with photoresponsivity ～670 A W^(-1) and photoresponse time ～76 ms. Present work provides a straightforward way to realize in-plane aligned bandgap engineering in semiconductor NWs for the development of large area NW arrays,which exhibit promising applications in future optoelectronic integrated circuits.

Study on the Control of Tobacco Black Shank by Using Dry Mycelium of Penicillium Chrysogenum

The water extract of dry mycelium ofPenicillium chrysogenum （DME） was used to induce resistance in Virginia tobacco plants against Phtophthora parasitica var. nicotianae. Results showed that the efficacy of DME in controlling black shank disease depended on both DME solution concentration and its＇ treatment methodology. Soil application of 1.5-5% DME 72 hr before inoculation with Phtophthora parasitica vat. nicotianae provided highly significant protection against black shank, relative to the control without DME treatment. Optimized tobacco plant treatment with 2.5% DME significantly increased peroxidase （POD） and polyphenol oxidase （PPO） activity levels in the upper leaf sections of the tobacco plants. DME had no direct antifungal activity on the growth of Phtophthora parasitica var. nicotianae in vitro, suggesting that disease control with DME treatment resulted from the induced propagation of natural defense mechanisms in the tobacco plants.

Economic evaluation of cervical cancer screening strategies in urban China

Objective:This study evaluated the feasibility of different cervical cancer screening strategies in urban China.Methods:A Markov model was constructed to simulate a hypothetical cohort of 100,000 females aged 30-59 years in a 20-year period.Screening strategies included liquid-based cytology(LBC)every three years,human papillomavirus(HPV)DNA testing every three and five years,respectively,and a combination of HPV DNA testing and LBC(HPV+LBC)every three and five years,respectively.Model outcomes included cumulative incidence over 20 years,cumulative risk of cervical cancer,costs,life year saved(LYS),quality-adjusted life years(QALYs)and benefits.The cost-effectiveness ratios(CERs),incremental cost-effectiveness ratios(ICERs),costutility ratios(CURs),and benefit-cost ratios(BCRs)were used as outcomes in the health economic evaluation analysis.Univariate sensitivity analyses were performed to examine the stability of the results.Results:The cumulative incidence of the five screening strategies ranged from 833.02 to 1,158.07 cases per100,000 females.HPV DNA testing was most effective in reducing the cumulative risk of cervical cancer,saving life years and QALYs and gaining benefits.The CERs of HPV DNA testing every three and five years,and LBC every three years were considered to be very cost-effective if they were below China's GDP per capita.The CERs of HPV+LBC were considered to be cost-effective if they were below three times GDP per capita.The incremental cost-effectiveness analysis showed that HPV DNA testing every three and five years,LBC every three years and HPV+LBC every five years were dominant strategies.Conclusions:The findings of this study indicated that HPV DNA testing every five years or LBC every three years should be recommended in urban China.

Enhancing the side-chain alkylation of toluene with methanol to styrene over the Cs-modified X zeolite by the assistance of basic picoline as a co-catalyst

Side-chain alkylation of toluene with methanol is a green pathway to realize the one-step production of styrene under mild conditions,but the low selectivity of styrene is difficult to be improved with by-products of ethylbenzene and xylene.In this study,a new way is introduced to improve the catalytic performance by means of assisting basic compounds as co-catalysts during the toluene side-chain alkylation with methanol to styrene.As a result,high activity of side-chain alkylation appears over the basic Cs-modified zeolite catalysts prepared by ion exchange and impregnation methods.This high performance should be mainly attributed to two co-catalysis actions:(1)the promotion of basic compounds for methanol dehydrogenation to formaldehyde as the intermediate for side-chain alkylation;(2)the suppression of the styrene transfer hydrogenation on basic Cs-modified zeolites to avoid the formation of ethylbenzene.Especially for Cs_(2)O/CsX-ex catalyst,the addition of 2%mol/mol 2-picoline in reaction mixture could achieve both 12.3%toluene conversion and 84.1%styrene selectivity.Whereas the higher concentration of 2-picoline(>6%mol/mol)caused an inhibition to the catalytic activity because the excessive basic compound poisoned the combined acid-base pathway required for the side-chain alkylation process.In addition,two possible side-chain alkylation reaction routes on Cs-modified zeolite under the different 2-picoline absorption were described.

Reduced glutathione alleviates the toxic effect of 6-hydroxydopamine on bone marrow stromal cells

We studied the effect of reduced glutathione on bone marrow stromal cells （BMSCs） treated with 6-hydroxydopamine （6-OHDA）, which shows a toxic effect on dopaminergic neurons. The proliferation of BMSCs treated with 6-OHDA decreased, while that of BMSCs treated with reduced glutathione increased. The proliferation of BMSCs treated with both 6-OHDA and reduced glutathione was significantly higher compared with that treated with 6-OHDA alone. These findings indicate that reduced glutathione alleviates the toxic effect of 6-OHDA on BMSCs.

Efficient realization of daytime radiative cooling with hollow zigzag SiO_(2) metamaterials

A tunable selective emitter with hollow zigzag SiO_(2) metamaterials, which are deposited on Si_(3) N_(4) and Ag film, is proposed and numerically investigated for achieving excellent radiative cooling effects. The average emissivity reaches a high value of 98.7% in the atmospheric window and possesses a high reflectivity of 92.0% in the solar spectrum. To reveal the enhanced absorptivity, the confined electric field distribution is investigated, and it can be well explained by moth eye effects. Moreover, tunable emissivity can also be initiated with different incident angles and it stays above 83% when the incident angle is less than 80°, embodying the excellent cooling performance in the atmospheric transparency window.Its net cooling power achieves 100.6 W·m^(-2), with a temperature drop of 13°, and the cooling behavior can persist in the presence of non-radiative heat exchange conditions. Therefore, high and tunable selective emitters based on our designed structure could provide a new route to realizing high-performance radiative cooling. This work is also of great significance for saving energy and environmental protection.

Current and future therapies for abnormal early embryogenesis with assisted reproductive technology

Each stage of embryonic development,including normal gamete maturation,fertilization,zygotic genome activation,and cleavage,is crucial for human reproduction.Early embryo arrest is a common phenomenon.It is estimated that about 40%–70%of human embryos are arrested at early developmental stages.However,the exact mechanism remains largely uncertain.Embryos can be investigated in vitro by way of the development of in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection.In addition to iatrogenic factors related to abnormal oocyte/embryo development,multiple gene mutations have been found to be involved in such phenotypes.Based on the knowledge of known etiological factors,several therapies are proposed to improve clinical outcomes.Here,we shed light on current and potential therapies for treating these conditions through reviewing articles and combining with our clinical and research experience.

Setosphlides A-D, New Isocoumarin Derivatives from the Entomogenous Fungus Setosphaeria rostrate LGWB-10

Investigation of the entomogenous fungus Setosphaeria rostrate LGWB-10 from Harmonia axyridis led to the isolation of four new isocoumarin derivatives,setosphlides A-D(1-4),and four known analogues(5-8).Their planar structures and the relative configurations were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic methods.The absolute configurations of isocoumarin nucleus for 1-4 were elucidated by their ECD spectra.The C-10 relative configurations for the pair of C-10 epimers(1 and 2)were established by comparing the magnitude of the computed 13C NMR chemical shifts(Δδcalcd.)with the experimental 13C NMR values(Δδexp.)for the epimers.All of the isolated compounds(1-8)were evaluated for their cytotoxicities against four human tumor cell lines MCF-7,MGC-803,HeLa,and Huh-7.

Cell-cycle-dependent variation in UV absorption spectrum of Hela cells treated with Trichostatin A

Objective： The aim of our study was to discovery the different cell cycle arrest effect after different densities HeLa cells treated with Trichostatin A （TSA）. In addition, this study would find some important relationship between cycle arrest effect and UV absorption spectrum of cell. Methods： 0.2 IJM TSA was applied to act on HeLa cells of different density. Then, the cycle arrest effect and UV absorption spectrum of cells were investigated, which provide support to analyze the effect of TSA on cancer cells. Results： Cell cycle arrest effect in G0/G1 of the lower density cells was more obvious than that in other groups. The other discovery in this work was that the cellular UV absorption value was higher when the density of cultured cell was lower. Conclusion： This experiment would guide the clinical study on early or late stage cancer patients in the future. On the other hand, this work indicates when cells were arrested in G0/G1 phase, the cellular absorption value increased at the same time, so UV absorption spectrum could characterize the change of cell cycle.

Study on Purchasing Power Conversion Coefficient at Par

The basic theory of the purchasing power at par refers to the rate of one country＇s currency to U.S. dollar while purchasing ＂a basket＂ goods and services in the same quantity and quality respectively in this country and U.S.A. This paper gives out calculation method of purchasing power conversion coefficient at par and how to calculate the non-base year purchasing power at par.

Study on Multilevel Fuzzy Synthetical Evaluating Model of Science ＆ Technology Awarding

In order to realize the impersonality, justness, impartiality and rationality in the awarding work of science ＆ technology, it is necessary to establish an evaluating model to make the evaluating course numeric as well as a complete system of evaluating indexes. The theory of fuzzy mathematics is adopted in this paper to establish a multilevel fuzzy synthetical model to quantitate the evaluating index system for science ＆ technology awarding and to provide the scientific decision-making basis for science ＆ technology awarding.

Bald Eagle Search Optimization Algorithm Combined with Spherical Random Shrinkage Mechanism and Its Application

Over the last two decades,stochastic optimization algorithms have proved to be a very promising approach to solving a variety of complex optimization problems.Bald eagle search optimization(BES)as a new stochastic optimization algorithm with fast convergence speed has the ability of prominent optimization and the defect of collapsing in the local best.To avoid BES collapse at local optima,inspired by the fact that the volume of the sphere is the largest when the surface area is certain,an improved bald eagle search optimization algorithm(INMBES)integrating the random shrinkage mechanism of the sphere is proposed.Firstly,the INMBES embeds spherical coordinates to design a more accurate parameter update method to modify the coverage and dispersion of the population.Secondly,the population splits into elite and non-elite groups and the Bernoulli chaos is applied to elite group to tap around potential solutions of the INMBES.The non-elite group is redistributed again and the Nelder-Mead simplex strategy is applied to each group to accelerate the evolution of the worst individual and the convergence process of the INMBES.The results of Friedman and Wilcoxon rank sum tests of CEC2017 in 10,30,50,and 100 dimensions numerical optimization confirm that the INMBES has superior performance in convergence accuracy and avoiding falling into local optimization compared with other potential improved algorithms but inferior to the champion algorithm and ranking third.The three engineering constraint optimization problems and 26 real world problems and the problem of extracting the best feature subset by encapsulated feature selection method verify that the INMBES’s performance ranks first and has achieved satisfactory accuracy in solving practical problems.

Immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.Its high recurrence rate and lack of effective control drugs result in a 5-year survival rate of only about 10%.HCC is a tumor regulated by the immune system.Significant breakthroughs have occurred in treating solid tumors with immunotherapy in recent years.Various immunotherapies,such as immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs),including combination therapies,have demonstrated promising therapeutic effects in both clinical applications and research.Other immunotherapies,such as adoptive cell therapies and oncolytic viruses,are also emerging,offering hope for addressing long-term survival issues in HCC.This article reviews current commonly used immunotherapy strategies and the latest research findings for reference.

Gd_(3)Al_(3)Ga_(2)O_(12):Ce^(3+), Yb^(3+) fluorescent ceramic with highly increased trap density for optical information storage

Electron-trapping materials,due to their exceptional ability of energy storage and controllable photon release under external stimulation,have attracted considerable attention in the field of optical information storage(OIS).In this work,Gd_(3)Al_(3)Ga_(2)O_(12):Ce^(3+), Yb^(3+)fluorescent ceramics,were developed using air and vacuum sintering technology.By co-doping Ce^(3+)and Yb^(3+),the trap density was significantly increased by 7.5 times compared to samples containing only Ce^(3+).Vacuum annealing further enhanced trap density by 1.6 times compared to samples sintered solely in air,while generating deep traps(1.44 eV),making Gd_(3)Al_(3)Ga_(2)O_(12):Ce^(3+), Yb^(3+) an excellent OIS medium.This work is expected to facilitate the development of OIS materials.

Cobalt-iron oxide/black phosphorus nanosheet heterostructure:Electrosynthesis and performance of(photo-)electrocatalytic oxygen evolution

Highly active,stable,and cut-price(photo-)electrocatalysts are desired to overwhelm high energy barriers for anodic oxygen evolution reaction processes.Herein,a heterostructure of cobalt-iron oxide/black phosphorus nanosheets is in-situ synthesized via a facile and novel three-electrode electrolysis method.Bulky black phosphorus is exfoliated into its nanosheets at the cathode while the CoFe oxide is derived directly from the metal wire anode during the electrolysis process.This heterostructure exhibits excellent electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction(OER)performance,and the overpotential at 10 mA·cm^(−2)is 51 mV lower than that of the commercial RuO_(2)catalyst.Its superior OER performance stems from the favorable adsorption behavior and an enlarged electrochemical active surface area of the catalyst.To reveal the origin of excellent OER performance from the point of adsorption strength of OH*,methanol oxidation reaction(MOR)test is applied under the identified OER operating conditions.Further introduction of light illumination enhances the OER activity of this heterostructure.The overpotential drops down to 280 mV,benefiting from pronounced photochemical response of black phosphorus nanosheets and iron oxide inside the heterostructure.This work develops a new electrochemical method to construct high performance and light-sensitive heterostructures from black phosphorus nanosheets for the OER.

Selective CO_(2)-to-formic acid electrochemical conversion by modulating electronic environment of copper phthalocyanine with defective graphene

In the carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),the activity of transition metal center depends largely on its electronic structure,since the electronic rich region enhances the adsorption of intermediates at active sites,thus improving the selectivity to reduction products.In this work,we prepared CuPc/DG composite(CuPc:copper phthalocyanine;DG:defective graphene)to achieve selective CO_(2)-to-formic acid(HCOOH)electrochemical conversion through modulating the electronic structure of Cu active centers with DG via π-π stacking.Evaluated as the electrocatalyst,the CuPc/DG composite displays a high faradaic efficiency(FE)of 44.6%−0.78 V vs.RHE for CO_(2)RR to HCOOH.Partial current density is 5.28 mA cm^(−2) for HCOOH together with an exceptional stability throughout at least 20 h of reaction.On the basis of density functional theory(DFT)calculation results,defects in DG can effectively promote the charge redistribution of dispersed CuPc,where electrons transfer to CuPc from defects,forming rich electronic environment around Cu sites.The abundance of electrons makes the d-band center of Cu approach to the Fermi level and decrease the energy barrier of CuPc/DG composite for the intermediate of ∗OCHO,thus accelerating the reduction of CO_(2) to HCOOH.

Two-dimensional optoelectronic devices for silicon photonic integration

With the unprecedented increasing demand for extremely fast processing speed and huge data capacity,traditional silicon-based information technology is becoming saturated due to the encountered bottle-necks of Moore's Law.New material systems and new device architectures are considered promising strategies for this challenge.Two-dimensional(2D)materials are layered materials and garnered persistent attention in recent years owing to their advantages in ultrathin body,strong light-matter interaction,flexible integration,and ultrabroad operation wavelength range.To this end,the integra-tion of 2D materials into silicon-based platforms opens a new path for silicon photonic integration.In this work,a comprehensive review is given of the recent signs of progress related to 2D material inte-grated optoelectronic devices and their potential applications in silicon photonics.Firstly,the basic op-tical properties of 2D materials and heterostructures are summarized in the first part.Then,the state-of-the-art three typical 2D optoelectronic devices for silicon photonic applications are reviewed in detail.Finally,the perspective and challenges for the aim of 3D monolithic heterogeneous integration of these 2D optoelectronic devices are discussed.

Single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals a systemic immune dysregulation in COVID-19-associated pediatric encephalopathy

Unraveling the molecular mechanisms for COVID-19-associated encephalopathy and its immunopathology is crucial for developing effective treatments.Here,we utilized single-cell transcriptomic analysis and integrated clinical observations and laboratory examination to dissect the host immune responses and reveal pathological mechanisms in COVID-19-associated pediatric encephalopathy.We found that lymphopenia was a prominent characteristic of immune perturbation in COVID-19 patients with encephalopathy,especially those with acute necrotizing encephalopathy(AE).This was characterized a marked reduction of various lymphocytes(e.g.,CD8^(+)T and CD4^(+)T cells)and significant increases in other inflammatory cells(e.g.,monocytes).Further analysis revealed activation of multiple cell apoptosis pathways(e.g.,granzyme/perforin-,FAS-and TNF-induced apoptosis)may be responsible for lymphopenia.A systemic S100A12 upregulation,primarily from classical monocytes,may have contributed to cytokine storms in patients with AE.A dysregulated type I interferon(IFN)response was observed which may have further exacerbated the S100A12-driven inflammation in patients with AE.In COVID-19 patients with AE,myeloid cells(e.g.,monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells)were the likely contributors to immune paralysis.Finally,the immune landscape in COVID-19 patients with encephalopathy,especially for AE,were also characterized by NK and T cells with widespread exhaustion,higher cytotoxic scores and inflammatory response as well as a dysregulated B cell-mediated humoral immune response.Taken together,this comprehensive data provides a detailed resource for elucidating immunopathogenesis and will aid development of effective COVID-19-associated pediatric encephalopathy treatments,especially for those with AE.