Preparation of PrFe_(x)Co_(1-x)O_(3)/Mt catalyst and study on degradation of 2-hydroxybenzoic acid wastewater by catalytic wet peroxide oxidation

In this study,the perovskite nanocomposite PrFe_(x)Co_(1-x)O_(3)(Pr(S))was successfully synthesized by the sol-gel method;PrFe_(x)Co_(1-x)O_(3)/Al-pillared montmorillonite(Pr(S)/Mt)catalysts were prepared by impregnation(D)method and solid-melting(G)method,respectively,with Pr(S)as the active component and Al-pillared montmorillonite as the carrier.The catalysts were applied to treat the 2-hydroxybenzoic acid(2-HA)-simulated wastewater by catalytic wet peroxide oxidation(CWPO)technique,and the chemical oxygen demand(COD)removal rate and the 2-HA degradation rate were used as indicators to evaluate the catalytic performance.The results of the experiment indicated that the solid-melting method was more conducive to preparing the catalyst when the Co/Fe molar ratio of 7:3 and the optimal structural properties of the catalysts were achieved.The influence of operating parameters,including reaction temperature,catalyst dosage,H_(2)O_(2)dosage,pH,and initial 2-HA concentration,were optimized for the degradation of 2-HA by CWPO.The results showed that 97.64%of 2-HA degradation and 75.23%of COD removal rate were achieved under more suitable experimental conditions.In addition,after the catalyst was used five times,the degradation rate of 2-HA could still reach 76.93%,which implied the high stability and reusability of the catalyst.The high catalytic activity of the catalyst was due to the doping of Co into PrFeO_(3),which could promote the generation of HO·,and the high stability could be attributed to the loading of Pr(S)onto Al-Mt,which reduced the leaching of reactive metals.The study of reaction mechanism and kinetics showed that the whole degradation process conformed to the pseudo-firstorder kinetic equation,and the Langmuir-Hinshelwood method was applied to demonstrate that catalysis was dominant in the degradation process.

Initial Experience of NIR-II Fluorescence Imaging-Guided Surgery in Foot and Ankle Surgery

Optical imaging in the second near-infrared(NIR-II;900-1880 nm)window is currently a popular research topic in the field of biomedical imaging.This study aimed to explore the application value of NIR-II fluorescence imaging in foot and ankle surgeries.A lab-established NIR-II fluorescence surgical navigation system was developed and used to navigate foot and ankle surgeries which enabled obtaining more high-spatial-frequency information and a higher signal-to-background ratio(SBR)in NIR-II fluorescence images compared to NIR-I fluorescence images;our result demonstrates that NIR-II imaging could provide higher-contrast and larger-depth images to surgeons.Three types of clinical application scenarios(diabetic foot,calcaneal fracture,and lower extremity trauma)were included in this study.Using the NIR-II fluorescence imaging technique,we observed the ischemic region in the diabetic foot before morphological alterations,accurately determined the boundary of the ischemic region in the surgical incision,and fully assessed the blood supply condition of the flap.NIR-II fluorescence imaging can help surgeons precisely judge surgical margins,detect ischemic lesions early,and dynamically trace the perfusion process.We believe that portable and reliable NIR-II fluorescence imaging equipment and additional functional fluorescent probes can play crucial roles in precision surgery.

New roles of research data infrastructure in research paradigm evolution

Research data infrastructures form the cornerstone in both cyber and physical spaces,driving the progression of the data-intensive scientific research paradigm.This opinion paper presents an overview of global research data infrastructure,drawing insights from national roadmaps and strategic documents related to research data infrastructure.It emphasizes the pivotal role of research data infrastructures by delineating four new missions aimed at positioning them at the core of the current scientific research and communication ecosystem.The four new missions of research data infrastructures are:(1)as a pioneer,to transcend the disciplinary border and address complex,cutting-edge scientific and social challenges with problem-and data-oriented insights;(2)as an architect,to establish a digital,intelligent,flexible research and knowledge services environment;(3)as a platform,to foster the high-end academic communication;(4)as a coordinator,to balance scientific openness with ethics needs.

TRPM2 Mediates Hepatic Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury via Ca^(2+) -Induced Mitochondrial Lipid Peroxidation through Increasing ALOX12 Expression

Hepatic ischemia–reperfusion(IR)injury is a serious clinical problem that complicates liver resection and transplantation.Despite recent advances in understanding of the pathophysiology of hepatic IR injury,effective interventions and therapeutics are still lacking.Here,we examined the role of transient receptor potential melastatin 2(TRPM2),a Ca^(2+)-permeable,non-selective cation channel,in mediating hepatic IR injury.Our data showed that TRPM2 deficiency attenuated IR-induced liver dysfunction,inflammation,and cell death in mice.Moreover,RNA sequencing analysis indicated that TRPM2-induced IR injury occurs via ferroptosis-related pathways.Consistently,as a ferroptosis inducer,(1S,3R)-RSL3 treatment induced mitochondrial dysfunction in hepatocytes and a TRPM2 inhibitor suppressed this.Interestingly,TRPM2-mediated calcium influx caused mitochondrial calcium accumulation via the mitochondrial Ca^(2+)-selective uniporter and increased the expression level of arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase(ALOX12),which results in mitochondrial lipid peroxidation during hepatic IR injury.Furthermore,hepatic IR injury-induced ferroptosis was obviously relieved by a TRPM2 inhibitor or calcium depletion,both in vitro and in vivo.Collectively,these findings demonstrate a crucial role for TRPM2-mediated ferroptosis in hepatic IR injury via increased Ca^(2+)-induced ALOX12 expression,indicating that pharmacological inhibition of TRPM2 may provide an effective therapeutic strategy for hepatic IR injury-related diseases,such as during liver resection and transplantation.

Hot-band absorption of indocyanine green for advanced anti-stokes fluorescence bioimaging

Bright anti-Stokes fluorescence(ASF)in the first near-infrared spectral region(NIR-I,800 nm–900 nm)under the excitation of a 915 nm continuous wave(CW)laser,is observed in Indocyanine Green(ICG),a dye approved by the Food and Drug Administration for clinical use.The dependence of fluorescence intensity on excitation light power and temperature,together with fluorescence lifetime measurement,establish this ASF to be originated from absorption from a thermally excited vibrational level(hot-band absorption),as shown in our experiments,which is stronger than the upconversion fluorescence from widely-used rare-earth ion doped nanoparticles.To test the utility of this ASF NIR-I probe for advanced bioimaging,we successively apply it for biothermal sensing,cerebral blood vessel tomography and blood stream velocimetry.Moreover,in combination with L1057 nanoparticles,which absorb the ASF of ICG and emit beyond 1100 nm,these two probes generate multi-mode images in two fluorescent channels under the excitation of a single 915 nm CW laser.One channel is used to monitor two overlapping organs,urinary system&blood vessel of a live mouse,while the other shows urinary system only.Using in intraoperative real-time monitoring,such multi-mode imaging method can be beneficial for visual guiding in anatomy of the urinary system to avoid any accidental injury to the surrounding blood vessels during surgery.

Perfecting and extending the near-infrared imaging window

In vivo fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared window(NIR-II)has been considered as a promising technique for visualizing mammals.However,the definition of the NIR-II region and the mechanism accounting for the excellent performance still need to be perfected.Herein,we simulate the photon propagation in the NIR region(to 2340 nm),confirm the positive contribution of moderate light absorption by water in intravital imaging and perfect the NIR-II window as 900–1880 nm,where 1400–1500 and 1700–1880 nm are defined as NIR-IIx and NIR-IIc regions,respectively.Moreover,2080–2340 nm is newly proposed as the third near-infrared(NIR-III)window,which is believed to provide the best imaging quality.The wide-field fluorescence microscopy in the brain is performed around the NIRIIx region,with excellent optical sectioning strength and the largest imaging depth of intravital NIR-II fluorescence microscopy to date.We also propose 1400 nm long-pass detection in off-peak NIR-II imaging whose performance exceeds that of NIR-IIb imaging,using bright fluorophores with short emission wavelength.

Glycine represses endoplasmic reticulum stress-related apoptosis and improves intestinal barrier by activating mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling

Endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress has been associated with the dysfunction of intestinal barrier in humans and animals.We have previously shown that oral administration of glycine to suckling-piglets improves ER stress-related intestinal mucosal barrier impairment and jejunal epithelial apoptosis.However,the underlying mechanism remains unknown.In this study,the protective effect and the mechanism of glycine on apoptosis and dysfunction in intestinal barrier induced by brefeldin A(BFA),an ER stress inducer,was explored in porcine intestinal epithelial cells(IPEC-1).The results showed that BFA treatment led to enhanced apoptosis and upregulation of proteins involved in ER stress signaling,including inositol-requiring enzyme 1a(IRE1a),activating transcription factor 6a(ATF6a),c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK),and C/EBP-homologous protein(CHOP).In addition,BFA induced a dysfunction in intestinal epithelial barrier,as evidenced by the increased paracellular permeability,decreased transepithelial electrical resistance(TEER),and reduced abundance of tight junction proteins(occludin,claudin-1,zonula occludens[ZO]-1,and ZO-2).These alterations triggered by BFA were significantly abolished by glycine treatment(P<0.05),indicating a protective effect of glycine on barrier function impaired by ER stress.Importantly,we found that the regulatory effect of glycine on intestinal permeability,proteins implicated in ER stress and apoptosis,as well as the morphological alterations of the ER were reversed by rapamycin.In summary,our results indicated that glycine alleviates ER stress-induced apoptosis and intestinal barrier dysfunction in IPEC-1 cells in a mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1(mTORC1)-dependent manner.The data provides in vitro evidence and a mechanism for the protective effect of glycine against the disruption of intestinal barrier integrity induced by ER stress.

The paradoxical functions of long noncoding RNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma:Implications in therapeutic opportunities and precision medicine

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is among the most aggressive and lethal diseases with poor prognosis,worldwide.However,the mechanisms underlying HCC have not been comprehensively elucidated.With the recent application of high-throughput sequencing techniques,a diverse catalogue of differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs(lncRNA)in cancer have been shown to participate in HCC.Rather than being“transcriptional noise,”they are emerging as important regulators of many biological processes,including chromatin remodelling,transcription,alternative splicing,translational and post-translational modification.Moreover,lncRNAs have dual effects in the development and progression of HCC,including oncogenic and tumour-suppressive roles.Collectively,recently data point to lncRNAs as novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers with satisfactory sensitivity and specificity,as well as being therapeutic targets for HCC patients.In this review,we highlight recent progress of the molecular patterns of lncRNAs and discuss their potential clinical application in human HCC.

A historical review of aggregation-induced emission from 2001 to 2020:A bibliometric analysis

Aggregation-induced emission(AIE)is a photophysical phenomenon that a certain group of luminescent materials that become highly luminous when aggregated in a bad solvent or solid state.This year is the 20th anniversary since the AIE concept firstly proposed in 2001.Many advanced applications were gradually being explored,covering optics,electronics,energy,and bioscience and so on.At present,bibliometrics can enlighten the researchers with comprehensive sights of the achievements and trends of a specific field,which is critical for academic investigations.Herein,we presented a general bibliometric overview of AIE covering 20 years of evolution.With the assistance of Web of Science Core Collection database and several bibliometric software tools,the annual publication and citation,most influential countries/regions,most contributing authors,journals and institutions,second near-infrared(NIR-Ⅱ)related hotspots,as well as the forecast of frontiers were demonstrated and systematically analyzed.This study summarizes the current research status in AIE research field and provides a reference for future research directions.