Conventional self-assembled monolayer(SAM)hole transporters in organic solar cells(OSCs)generally suffer from poor uniformity and limited thickness tolerance,hindering their large-scale production.To overcome these li...Conventional self-assembled monolayer(SAM)hole transporters in organic solar cells(OSCs)generally suffer from poor uniformity and limited thickness tolerance,hindering their large-scale production.To overcome these limitations,we introduce a novel polymeric hole transporter synthesized by polymerizing carbazole phosphonic acid(PACz).The resultant Poly-2PACz material exhibits exceptional conductivity,high tolerance for variations in layer thickness,and improved film uniformity compared with conventional SAMs.Consequently,the OSCs utilizing Poly-2PACz achieve a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 19.1%and a high fill factor of 81.2%,surpassing the devices based on 2PACz.Moreover,Poly-2PACz-based OSCs demonstrate excellent operational stability,retaining over 80%of their initial efficiency after 1,400 h of continuous light exposure in ambient conditions.This work presents a novel strategy for designing hole transporters,paving the way for more efficient and stable OSCs.展开更多
Artificial photocatalysis offers a promising strategy to sustainably produce hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))that is one of the most valuable multifunctional chemicals.Among various photocatalysts,polymeric carbon nitrid...Artificial photocatalysis offers a promising strategy to sustainably produce hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))that is one of the most valuable multifunctional chemicals.Among various photocatalysts,polymeric carbon nitride(pCN)has drawn continuous attention in non-sacrificial H_(2)O_(2)production.However,the poor activ-ity of half reactions,ie.,the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and water oxidation reaction(WOR),greatly restricts the efficiency of photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2) production.In this highlight,we discuss the significant ad-vances in molecular engineering of carbon nitrides for H_(2)O_(2) photosynthesis and the importance of the deep understanding of the photocatalysis process for rational design and reaction pathways of organic conjugated polymers to address the growing H_(2)O_(2)demand.Furthermore,we summarize the emerging applications of photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2)productions beyond energy and environment.展开更多
The Internet penetration rate rises sharply in recent years in China.This change has had a significant impact on residents’income.By using Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS)data set,this paper investigates whether r...The Internet penetration rate rises sharply in recent years in China.This change has had a significant impact on residents’income.By using Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS)data set,this paper investigates whether residents who use the Internet earn a higher income than similar residents who do not use the Internet by using propensity score matching.The results show that there is a premium associated with Internet use.Estimates suggest that a premium for residents who use the Internet is around twice as much for residents who do not use the Internet.Additionally,this paper fi nds that the inlome differences between using the Internet and not using the Internet for groups of middle-aged and elderly resident and agricultural household registration residents are more significant.Based on the research results,several relevant policy implications are presented to improve resident’s income.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52372196)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20230794)Jiangsu Association for Science and Technology(TJ-2022-056)。
文摘Conventional self-assembled monolayer(SAM)hole transporters in organic solar cells(OSCs)generally suffer from poor uniformity and limited thickness tolerance,hindering their large-scale production.To overcome these limitations,we introduce a novel polymeric hole transporter synthesized by polymerizing carbazole phosphonic acid(PACz).The resultant Poly-2PACz material exhibits exceptional conductivity,high tolerance for variations in layer thickness,and improved film uniformity compared with conventional SAMs.Consequently,the OSCs utilizing Poly-2PACz achieve a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 19.1%and a high fill factor of 81.2%,surpassing the devices based on 2PACz.Moreover,Poly-2PACz-based OSCs demonstrate excellent operational stability,retaining over 80%of their initial efficiency after 1,400 h of continuous light exposure in ambient conditions.This work presents a novel strategy for designing hole transporters,paving the way for more efficient and stable OSCs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22174014 and 22074015).
文摘Artificial photocatalysis offers a promising strategy to sustainably produce hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))that is one of the most valuable multifunctional chemicals.Among various photocatalysts,polymeric carbon nitride(pCN)has drawn continuous attention in non-sacrificial H_(2)O_(2)production.However,the poor activ-ity of half reactions,ie.,the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and water oxidation reaction(WOR),greatly restricts the efficiency of photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2) production.In this highlight,we discuss the significant ad-vances in molecular engineering of carbon nitrides for H_(2)O_(2) photosynthesis and the importance of the deep understanding of the photocatalysis process for rational design and reaction pathways of organic conjugated polymers to address the growing H_(2)O_(2)demand.Furthermore,we summarize the emerging applications of photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2)productions beyond energy and environment.
文摘The Internet penetration rate rises sharply in recent years in China.This change has had a significant impact on residents’income.By using Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS)data set,this paper investigates whether residents who use the Internet earn a higher income than similar residents who do not use the Internet by using propensity score matching.The results show that there is a premium associated with Internet use.Estimates suggest that a premium for residents who use the Internet is around twice as much for residents who do not use the Internet.Additionally,this paper fi nds that the inlome differences between using the Internet and not using the Internet for groups of middle-aged and elderly resident and agricultural household registration residents are more significant.Based on the research results,several relevant policy implications are presented to improve resident’s income.
