The high-pressure structure and elastic properties of calcium azide(Ca(N_(3))_(2))were investigated using in-situ highpressure x-ray diffraction and Raman scattering up to 54 GPa and 19 GPa,respectively.The compressib...The high-pressure structure and elastic properties of calcium azide(Ca(N_(3))_(2))were investigated using in-situ highpressure x-ray diffraction and Raman scattering up to 54 GPa and 19 GPa,respectively.The compressibility of Ca(N_(3))_(2)changed as the pressure increased,and no phase transition occurred within the pressure from ambient pressure up to 54 GPa.The measured zero-pressure bulk modulus of Ca(N_(3))_(2)is higher than that of other alkali metal azides,due to differences in the ionic character of their metal-azide bonds.Using CASTEP,all vibration modes of Ca(N_(3))_(2)were accurately identified in the vibrational spectrum at ambient pressure.In the high-pressure vibration study,several external modes(ext.)and internal bending modes(ν_(2))of azide anions(N_(3)^(-))softened up to~7 GPa and then hardened beyond that pressure.This evidence is consistent with the variation observed in the F_(E)–f_(E)data analyzed from the XRD result,where the slope of the curve changes at 7.1 GPa.The main behaviors under pressure are the alternating compression,rotation,and bending of N_(3)^(-)ions.The bending behavior makes the structure of Ca(N_(3))_(2)more stable under pressure.展开更多
Repeated waves of influenza virus H7N9 epidemics after 2013 have caused severe influenza in humans,with mortality reaching approximately 40%–50%.To prevent possible pandemics,the development of highly effective vacci...Repeated waves of influenza virus H7N9 epidemics after 2013 have caused severe influenza in humans,with mortality reaching approximately 40%–50%.To prevent possible pandemics,the development of highly effective vaccines against influenza virus H7N9 is highly desired.In the present study,by taking advantage of the D-tetra-peptide adjuvant(G^(D)F^(D)F^(D)Y),we reported a simple method to prepare H7N9 vaccines.Naproxen(Npx),with good anti inflammatory and broad anti-viral effects,was employed as an N-terminal capping group to construct a hydrogel precursor,Npx-G^(D)F^(D)F^(D)Y.The hydrogel adjuvant was prepared using a routine heating cooling protocol and the final vaccine was ready after mixing with the split A/Zhejiang/DTID-ZJU01/2013(H7N9)antigen by vortexing.Compared with the traditional Al(OH)_(3) adjuvant vaccine and the split vaccine,our hydrogel adjuvant vaccine showed the best preventive effects against H7N9 infection.A mechanistic study illustrated that higher antibody responses and variations in cytokine expression might account for its increased protective effects.Our strategy demonstrated the advantages of a peptide hydrogel adjuvant in the application of vaccines against H7N9 and demonstrated its potential application in vaccines against emerging threats from other viruses.展开更多
Since the first case of novel H7N9 infection was reported,China has experienced five epidemics of H7N9.During the fifth wave,a highly pathogenic H7N9 strain emerged.Meanwhile,the H7N9 virus continues to accumulate mut...Since the first case of novel H7N9 infection was reported,China has experienced five epidemics of H7N9.During the fifth wave,a highly pathogenic H7N9 strain emerged.Meanwhile,the H7N9 virus continues to accumulate mutations,and its affinity for the human respiratory epithelial sialic acid 2-6 receptor has increased.Therefore,a pandemic is still possible.In the past 6 years,we have accumulated rich experience in dealing with H7N9,especially in terms of virus tracing,epidemiological research,key site mutation monitoring,critical disease mechanisms,clinical treatment,and vaccine development.In the research fields above,significant progress has been made to effectively control the spread of the epidemic and reduce the fatality rate.To fully document the research progress concerning H7N9,we reviewed the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of H7N9,the key gene mutations of the virus,and H7N9 vaccine,thus providing a scientific basis for further monitoring and prevention of H7N9 influenza epidemics.展开更多
Extrapolation cascadic multigrid(EXCMG)method with conjugate gradient smoother is very efficient for solving the elliptic boundary value problems with linearfinite element discretization.However,it is not trivial to g...Extrapolation cascadic multigrid(EXCMG)method with conjugate gradient smoother is very efficient for solving the elliptic boundary value problems with linearfinite element discretization.However,it is not trivial to generalize the vertex-centred EXCMG method to cell-centeredfinite volume(FV)methods for diffusion equations with strongly discontinuous and anisotropic coefficients,since a non-nested hierarchy of grid nodes are used in the cell-centered discretization.For cell-centered FV schemes,the vertex values(auxiliary unknowns)need to be approximated by cell-centered ones(primary unknowns).One of the novelties is to propose a new gradient transfer(GT)method of interpolating vertex unknowns with cell-centered ones,which is easy to implement and applicable to general diffusion tensors.The main novelty of this paper is to design a multigrid prolongation operator based on the GT method and splitting extrapolation method,and then propose a cell-centered EXCMG method with BiCGStab smoother for solving the large linear system resulting from linear FV discretization of diffusion equations with strongly discontinuous and anisotropic coefficients.Numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate the high efficiency of the proposed method.展开更多
Background Parvovirus B19 is a single-stranded DNA virus with a 5.6 kilobase DNA genome and a diameter of 22–24nm.1 This virus does not possess an envelope and it is the most pathogenic virus belonging to the family ...Background Parvovirus B19 is a single-stranded DNA virus with a 5.6 kilobase DNA genome and a diameter of 22–24nm.1 This virus does not possess an envelope and it is the most pathogenic virus belonging to the family of Parvoviridae that infects human beings.2 The main diseases caused by parvovirus B19 are as follows:(1)infectious erythema(also known as fifth disease,erythema infection),a cause of a common rash in pediatric patients;(2)joint disease;(3)aplastic anemia crisis in patients with chronic hemolytic disease;(4)chronic anemia in immunodeficient patients;(5)fetal hydrops in addition to stillbirth and abortion(fetal death).展开更多
基金Project supported financially by the Program for the Development of Science and Technology of Jilin Province,China(Grant Nos.YDZJ202301ZYTS382,YDZJ202201ZYTS316,and 20230101285JC)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11904128)+1 种基金the Program for Science and Technology of Education Department of Jilin Province,China(Grant Nos.JJKH20220438KJ and JJKH20220423KJ)the Program for the Jilin Provincial Development and Reform Commission Project(Grant No.2022C040-6)。
文摘The high-pressure structure and elastic properties of calcium azide(Ca(N_(3))_(2))were investigated using in-situ highpressure x-ray diffraction and Raman scattering up to 54 GPa and 19 GPa,respectively.The compressibility of Ca(N_(3))_(2)changed as the pressure increased,and no phase transition occurred within the pressure from ambient pressure up to 54 GPa.The measured zero-pressure bulk modulus of Ca(N_(3))_(2)is higher than that of other alkali metal azides,due to differences in the ionic character of their metal-azide bonds.Using CASTEP,all vibration modes of Ca(N_(3))_(2)were accurately identified in the vibrational spectrum at ambient pressure.In the high-pressure vibration study,several external modes(ext.)and internal bending modes(ν_(2))of azide anions(N_(3)^(-))softened up to~7 GPa and then hardened beyond that pressure.This evidence is consistent with the variation observed in the F_(E)–f_(E)data analyzed from the XRD result,where the slope of the curve changes at 7.1 GPa.The main behaviors under pressure are the alternating compression,rotation,and bending of N_(3)^(-)ions.The bending behavior makes the structure of Ca(N_(3))_(2)more stable under pressure.
基金the support from the Medical and Health Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province,China(No.2020379356)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020T130102ZX)。
文摘Repeated waves of influenza virus H7N9 epidemics after 2013 have caused severe influenza in humans,with mortality reaching approximately 40%–50%.To prevent possible pandemics,the development of highly effective vaccines against influenza virus H7N9 is highly desired.In the present study,by taking advantage of the D-tetra-peptide adjuvant(G^(D)F^(D)F^(D)Y),we reported a simple method to prepare H7N9 vaccines.Naproxen(Npx),with good anti inflammatory and broad anti-viral effects,was employed as an N-terminal capping group to construct a hydrogel precursor,Npx-G^(D)F^(D)F^(D)Y.The hydrogel adjuvant was prepared using a routine heating cooling protocol and the final vaccine was ready after mixing with the split A/Zhejiang/DTID-ZJU01/2013(H7N9)antigen by vortexing.Compared with the traditional Al(OH)_(3) adjuvant vaccine and the split vaccine,our hydrogel adjuvant vaccine showed the best preventive effects against H7N9 infection.A mechanistic study illustrated that higher antibody responses and variations in cytokine expression might account for its increased protective effects.Our strategy demonstrated the advantages of a peptide hydrogel adjuvant in the application of vaccines against H7N9 and demonstrated its potential application in vaccines against emerging threats from other viruses.
基金supported by the State Project of Essential Drug Research and Development(No.2015ZX09101044).
文摘Since the first case of novel H7N9 infection was reported,China has experienced five epidemics of H7N9.During the fifth wave,a highly pathogenic H7N9 strain emerged.Meanwhile,the H7N9 virus continues to accumulate mutations,and its affinity for the human respiratory epithelial sialic acid 2-6 receptor has increased.Therefore,a pandemic is still possible.In the past 6 years,we have accumulated rich experience in dealing with H7N9,especially in terms of virus tracing,epidemiological research,key site mutation monitoring,critical disease mechanisms,clinical treatment,and vaccine development.In the research fields above,significant progress has been made to effectively control the spread of the epidemic and reduce the fatality rate.To fully document the research progress concerning H7N9,we reviewed the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of H7N9,the key gene mutations of the virus,and H7N9 vaccine,thus providing a scientific basis for further monitoring and prevention of H7N9 influenza epidemics.
基金supported by Science Challenge Project(Grant No.TZ2016002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41874086 and 11971069)+1 种基金173 Program of China(Grant No.2020-JCJQ-ZD-029)the Excellent Youth Foundation of Hunan Province of China(Grant No.2018JJ1042).
文摘Extrapolation cascadic multigrid(EXCMG)method with conjugate gradient smoother is very efficient for solving the elliptic boundary value problems with linearfinite element discretization.However,it is not trivial to generalize the vertex-centred EXCMG method to cell-centeredfinite volume(FV)methods for diffusion equations with strongly discontinuous and anisotropic coefficients,since a non-nested hierarchy of grid nodes are used in the cell-centered discretization.For cell-centered FV schemes,the vertex values(auxiliary unknowns)need to be approximated by cell-centered ones(primary unknowns).One of the novelties is to propose a new gradient transfer(GT)method of interpolating vertex unknowns with cell-centered ones,which is easy to implement and applicable to general diffusion tensors.The main novelty of this paper is to design a multigrid prolongation operator based on the GT method and splitting extrapolation method,and then propose a cell-centered EXCMG method with BiCGStab smoother for solving the large linear system resulting from linear FV discretization of diffusion equations with strongly discontinuous and anisotropic coefficients.Numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate the high efficiency of the proposed method.
基金Funding for this work was provided by the Science and Technology Key Program of Zhejiang province,China(Grant No.2017C03051)Zhejiang Province Medical and Health Science and Technology Program(Grant No.2020379356 and 2020377610).
文摘Background Parvovirus B19 is a single-stranded DNA virus with a 5.6 kilobase DNA genome and a diameter of 22–24nm.1 This virus does not possess an envelope and it is the most pathogenic virus belonging to the family of Parvoviridae that infects human beings.2 The main diseases caused by parvovirus B19 are as follows:(1)infectious erythema(also known as fifth disease,erythema infection),a cause of a common rash in pediatric patients;(2)joint disease;(3)aplastic anemia crisis in patients with chronic hemolytic disease;(4)chronic anemia in immunodeficient patients;(5)fetal hydrops in addition to stillbirth and abortion(fetal death).