Sequential Growth of Cs_(3)Bi_(2)I_(9)/BiVO_(4)Direct Z-Scheme Heterojunction for Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic CO_(2)Reduction

The high exciton binding energy and lack of a positive oxidation band potential restrict the photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction efficiency of lead-free Bi-based halide perovskites Cs_(3)Bi_(2)X_(9)(X=Br,I).In this study,a sequential growth method is presented to prepare a visible-light-driven(λ>420 nm)Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst composed of BiVO_(4)nanocrystals decorated on a Cs_(3)Bi_(2)I_(9)nanosheet for photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction coupled with water oxidation.The Cs_(3)Bi_(2)I_(9)/BiVO_(4)Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst is stable in the gas-solid photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction system,demonstrating a high visible-light-driven photocatalytic CO_(2)-to-CO production rate of 17.5μmol/(g·h),which is approximately three times that of pristine Cs_(3)Bi_(2)I_(9).The high efficiency of the Cs_(3)Bi_(2)I_(9)/BiVO_(4)heterojunction was attributed to the improved charge separation in Cs_(3)Bi_(2)I_(9).Moreover,the Z-scheme charge-transfer pathway preserves the negative reduction potential of Cs_(3)Bi_(2)I_(9)and the positive oxidation potential of BiVO_()4.This study off ers solid evidence of constructing Z-scheme heterojunctions to improve the photocatalytic performance of lead-free halide perovskites and would inspire more ideas for developing leadfree halide perovskite photocatalysts.

Constructing nanoporous Ni foam current collectors for stable lithium metal anodes

Lithium metal,as the most ideal anode material for high energy density batteries,has been researched for several decades.However,the dendrite formation and large volume change during repetitive lithium plating/stripping lead to a serious safety issue and impede the practical application of lithium metal anode.Herein,a nanoporous Ni foam current collector with high surface area and surface flaws is constructed via a facile oxidation-reduction method.The inherent macropore structure of Ni foam can partly accommodate the volume variation during Li plating/stripping.The well-distributed nanopores on the skeleton of Ni foam can effectively reduce the local current density,regulate the uniform lithium nucleation and deposition with homogenous distribution of Li^(+) flux.Moreover,the surface flaws induce the formation of ring Li structures at initial nucleation/deposition processes and concave Li metal spontaneously formed based on the ring Li structures during cycling,which can direct the even Li plating/stripping.Therefore,highly stable Coulombic efficiency is achieved at 1 mA cm^(-2) for 200 cycles.The symmetrical cell,based on the nanoporous Ni foam current collector,presents long lifespans of 1200 and 700 h respectively at different current densities of 0.5 and 1 mA cm^(-2) without short circuit.In addition,the LiFePO4 full cell,with the Li metal anode based on the nanoporous Ni foam current collector,shows excellent cycling performance at 1 C for 300 cycles and rate performance.

不同分子亚型局部晚期乳腺癌的新辅化疗反应率的临床研究(英文)

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of different molecular subtypes defined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining on the response rate for patients with locally advanced breast cancer received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: One hundred and seven breast cancer patients admitted from 2007 to 2011 who received 4 cycles of docetaxel/epirubicin-combined (TE) neoadjuvant chemotherapy were retrospectively reviewed, the patients were classified into 4 subtypes: luminal A, luminal B, HER-2 and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) according to different combination patterns of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor-2 (HER-2) expression defined by IHC method. The correlation between response rate and the molecular subtypes were analyzed. Results: The pathological complete response (PCR), clinical complete response (CCR), clinical partial response (CPR), and clinical stable disease (CSD) rate of whole group was 15.89% (17/107), 22.43% (24/107), 63.55% (68/107), 14.02% (15/107), respectively, and the overall response rate (ORR) was 85.98% (92/107). The PCR rate and ORR of luminal A, luminal B, HER-2 and TNBC subtypes was 4.76% and 73.81%; 16.67% and 83.33%;17.65% and 100.00%; 30.00% and 96.67%, respectively. The PCR and ORR rate of HER-2/TNBC subtypes was higher than that of luminal A/B subtypes (P = 0.019, P = 0.002, respectively). Conclusion: Different molecular subtypes display different response rate for patients with locally advanced breast cancer received neoadjuvant TE chemotherapy, HER-2/TNBC subtypes have a higher PCR and ORR rate than that of luminal A/B subtypes.

Application of epoxy resin in cultural relics protection

Cultural relics have their unique artistic, cultural and historical value, and the protection of important cultural relics is conducive to the inheritance of historical culture. As a kind of cementing agent and binder commonly seen in cultural relics protection, epoxy resin is widely used in the bonding and consolidation of various materials in cultural relics, which has important practical application value. In this review, a systematic classification of commonly used epoxy resins, including their molecular structures, synthesis reactions and properties are provided, the problems and solutions of epoxy resin in cultural relics protection are summarized. The solutions are classified into three aspects: functional epoxy resin, blending modification, and other modification. Representative application examples of epoxy resin are listed in the field of cultural relics protection, and the development direction of epoxy resin in cultural relics protection in the future is proposed, which provides useful guidance for the modification of epoxy resin and its application in cultural relics protection in the future.

Possible South-Dipping Mesozoic Subduction at Southern Tethys Ocean-Constrained from Global Tectonic Reconstructions and Seismic Tomography

The evolution of the Tethys Ocean involved several episodes of ocean opening(including the Paleo-Tethys and Neo-Tethys) along its southern margin as terranes rifting away from eastern Gondwana. These oceans were terminated by well observed north-dipping subduction as the same terranes accreted to southern Eurasia. However, the presence of south-dipping subduction, though geologically proposed by numerous studies, have generally been omitted in the reconstruction of Tethyan evolution. Here, we synthesize the Mesozoic south-dipping subduction evolutions in the global reconstruction and focus on two potential events located along the northern edges of Southwest Borneo Block and the Woyla Arc. We next evaluate their slab volumes after thermal diffusion in the current mantle. Fast velocity anomalies in the mantle beneath the same region are then converted to cold anomalies and their volumes are further estimated and compared to the volumes evaluated from these two Mesozoic south-dipping subduction. We further identify seismic fast velocity anomalies likely relevant to slab remnants of south-dipping Tethyan subduction in the present-day mantle beneath the Indian ocean and West Australia, and link them to arc systems in plate reconstructions. In addition, one more tectonic scenario relevant to the north-dipping subduction in our study region is also examined. We speculate the relationship and evolution between such south-dipping subduction and north-dipping subduction in the south of Tethys Oceans. The attempt to reconstruct intermittent south-dipping subduction systems in southern Tethys region represents an effort on assessing rifting mechanisms in the opening of the Tethys Ocean and break-up of eastern Gondwana.

Distinct roles of two SEC scaffold proteins,AFF1 and AFF4,in regulating RNA polymerase Ⅱ transcription elongation

The super elongation complex(SEC)containing positive transcription elongation factor b plays a critical role in regulating transcription elongation.AFF1 and AFF4,two members of the AF4/FMR2 family,act as central scaffold proteins of SEC and are associated with various human diseases.However,their precise roles in transcriptional control remain unclear.Here,we investigate differences in the genomic distribution patterns of AFF1 and AFF4 around transcription start sites(TSSs).AFF1 mainly binds upstream of the TSS,while AFF4 is enriched downstream of the TSS.Notably,disruption of AFF4 results in slow elongation and early termination in a subset of AFF4-bound active genes,whereas AFF1 deletion leads to fast elongation and transcriptional readthrough in the same subset of genes.Additionally,AFF1 knockdown increases AFF4 levels at chromatin,and vice versa.In summary,these findings demonstrate that AFF1 and AFF4 function antagonistically to regulate RNA polymerase Ⅱ transcription.

Inspired by nature:Self-fractal cobalt sulfate composite electrode for sodium ion storage

Generally,the metal sulfide itself has poor conductivity,and the volume expansion occurs when it is converted with sodium,which will destroy the integrity of the electrode structure,resulting in poor cycle performance and rate performance.To solve the problems of low initial coulombic efficiency(ICE)and volume expansion of metal compounds used as anodes in sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).Inspired by nature,the CoSO_(4)/hard carbon/graphene(CHG)fractal structure electrode was designed.Self-fractal structures with electron/ion transport channels and high strain tolerance proved to be an effective strategy to overcome these challenges.The fractal dimension(D)is measured by synchronous Small Angle X-ray scattering,and the D remains stable during charging and discharging.The fractal CHG also showed excellent electrochemical performance,especially 97.4%ICE.Theoretical calculation shows that self-fractal CHG can promote the formation of a thin solid electrolyte interface(SEI).Synchrotron radiation absorption spectrum proved the reaction mechanism of CHG.This study not only proves that cobalt sulfate is a feasible strategy for developing high-performance SIBs anodes but also provides an advanced method for measuring the fractal dimension of energy storage electrode materials.

Thermopressure Coupling Effect Mimicking Natural Graphite Formation to Enhance the Storage K-Ion Performance of Carbonaceous Heterostructures

Borrowing from natural mechanisms for material design can lead to functional mimicry and improvement.Inspired by graphite formation,a thermopressure coupling strategy under micropressure(<400 Pa)is applied to prepare carbon anodes.A thermopressure response is discovered based on the cellulose precursor.Here,homologous graphene quantum dot/hard carbon(GQD/HC)heterostructures are synthesized.Under 181.4 Pa and 1,200°C,the product shows a capacity of 310 mAh g^(−1),while the capacity of the direct carbonization product is only 120 mAh g^(−1).Prominently,the GQD/HC heterostructure displays marked mechanical strength and flexibility.The experimental and theoretical results illustrate the ion and electron transfer,coordination environment,and electronic states in the GQD/HC heterostructure and elaborate on the origin of the enhanced performance.The thermopressure coupling under micropressure mimics graphite formation,but the heterostructure has better properties than traditional carbon materials.Additionally,micropressure injects new vitality into material research.

AFF3-DNA methylation interplay in maintaining the mono-allelic expression pattern of XIST in terminally differentiated cells

X chromosome inactivation and genomic imprinting are two classic epigenetic regulatory processes that cause mono-allelic gene expression.In female mammals,mono-allelic expression of the long non-coding RNA gene X-inactive specific transcript(XIST)is essential for initiation of X chromosome inactivation upon differentiation.We have previously demonstrated that the central factor of super elongation complex-like 3(SEC-L3),AFF3,is enriched at gamete differentially methylated regions(DMRs)of the imprinted loci and regulates the imprinted gene expression.Here,we found that AFF3 can also bind to the DMR downstream of the XIST promoter.Knockdown of AFF3 leads to de-repression of the inactive allele of X IST in terminally differentiated cells.In addition,the binding of AFF3 to the XIST DMR relies on DNA methylation and also regulates DNA methylation level at DMR region.However,the KAP1-H3K9 methylation machineries,which regulate the imprinted loci,might not play major roles in maintaining the mono-aUelic expression pattern of XIST in these cells.Thus,our results suggest that the differential mechanisms involved in the X IST DMR and gDMR regulation,which both require AFF3 and DNA methylation.

Effects of Crystallinity and Defects of Layered Carbon Materials on Potassium Storage:A Review and Prediction

Layered carbon materials(LCMs)are composed of basic carbon layer units,such as graphite,soft carbon,hard carbon,and graphene.While they have been widely applied in the anode of potassium-ion batteries,the potassium storage mechanisms and performances of various LCMs are isolated and difficult to relate to each other.More importantly,there is a lack of a systematic understanding of the correlation between the basic microstructural unit(crystallinity and defects)and the potas-sium storage behavior.In this review,we explored the key structural factors affecting the potassium storage in LCMs,namely,the crystallinity and defects of carbon layers,and the key parameters(L_(a),L_(c),d_(002),I_(D)/I_(G))that characterize the crystallinity and defects of different carbon materials were extracted from various databases and literature sources.A structure–property database of LCMs was thus built,and the effects of these key structural parameters on the potassium storage properties,including the capacity,the rate and the working voltage plateau,were systematically analyzed.Based on the structure–prop-erty database analysis and the guidance of thermodynamics and kinetics,a relationship between various LCMs and potas-sium storage properties was established.Finally,with the help of machine learning,the key structural parameters of layered carbon anodes were used for the first time to predict the potassium storage performance so that the large amount of research data in the database could more effectively guide the scientific research and engineering application of LCMs in the future.

Phase equilibria and crystal structure of ternary compounds in Al-rich corner of Al-Er-Y system at 673 and 873 K

Phase equilibria in the Al-rich corner of the Al-Er-Y ternary system from 65 at.% to 100 at.% Al at 673 and873 K were investigated,and the two isothermal sections were established by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscope(SEM) and electron probe micro analysis(EPMA).Three ternary-phase regions are observed and the phase relations are similar at both isothermal sections.There are two ternary compounds,and a complete crystal structures and composition ranges of the two ternary compounds are determined as τ_(1)(Al_(75-76)Er_(15-22)Y_(2-10),R-3 m) and τ_(2)(Al_(75-76)Er_(11-17)Y_(7-14),P6_(3)/mmc) via XRD,focused ion beam coupled with transmission electron microscope(FIB-TEM) and EPMA.Meanwhile,the solubilities of the third element in the binary compounds at both temperatures are measured.The solubility of Er inβ-Al_(3) Y phase reaches to 6.6 at.% and that of Y in Al_(3) Er phase reaches to 1.5 at.% after annealing at 873 K.The temperature effect is not obvious for the phase equilibria at 673 and 873 K,but it increases the solubility of Er in β-Al_(3) Y,while it is not obvious for both the solubility of Y in Al_(3) Er and that of Er and Y in(Al).The phase equilibria of the Al-Er-Y ternary system determined by the present work have provided new phase diagram data for a future thermodynamic assessment of this system.

RNF219 interacts with CCR4-NOT in regulating stem cell differentiation

Regulation of RNA stability plays a crucial role in gene expression control.Deadenylation is the initial rate-limiting step for the majority of RNA decay events.Here,we show that RING finger protein 219(RNF219)interacts with the CCR4-NOT deadenylase complex.RNF219-CCR4-NOT exhibits deadenylation activity in vitro.RNA-seq analyses identify some of the 2-cell-specific genes and the neuronal genes significantly downregulated upon RNF219 knockdown,while upregulated after depletion of the CCR4-NOT subunit CNOTIO in mouse embryonic stem(ES)cells.RNF219 depletion leads to impaired neuronal lineage commitment during ES cell differentiation.Our study suggests that RNF219 is a novel interacting partner of CCR4-NOT and required for maintenance of ES cell pluripotency.