EM-Gaze:eye context correlation and metric learning for gaze estimation

In recent years,deep learning techniques have been used to estimate gaze-a significant task in computer vision and human-computer interaction.Previous studies have made significant achievements in predicting 2D or 3D gazes from monocular face images.This study presents a deep neural network for 2D gaze estimation on mobile devices.It achieves state-of-the-art 2D gaze point regression error,while significantly improving gaze classification error on quadrant divisions of the display.To this end,an efficient attention-based module that correlates and fuses the left and right eye contextual features is first proposed to improve gaze point regression performance.Subsequently,through a unified perspective for gaze estimation,metric learning for gaze classification on quadrant divisions is incorporated as additional supervision.Consequently,both gaze point regression and quadrant classification perfor-mances are improved.The experiments demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms existing gaze-estima-tion methods on the GazeCapture and MPIIFaceGaze datasets.

Effect of Activation of the Ca2+-Permeable Acid-Sensing Ion Channel 1a on Acid-Induced Vascular Endothelial Cell Injury of Henoch-Schönlein Purpura Children

Acidosis in local environment plays a critical role in cell injury. One key mediator of acidosis-induced cell injury is the acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs), particularly ASIC1a. Herein, we investigated the role of ASIC1a in acid-induced vascular endothelial cell injury of Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) children. Acid-induced ASIC1a, Calpain and Calcineurin expression in vascular endothelial cells pretreated with IgA1 isolated from HSP were detected by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot methods, respectively. Cell cytotoxicity was measured by interleukin-8 and nitric oxide production with ELISA. The results showed acid-induced ASIC1a, Calpain and Calcineurin expression in cells increased, especially at PH6.5. The cytotoxicity of vascular endothelial cells was increased by extracellular acidosis. Moreover non-specific or specific blockers of ASIC1a, Amiloride and PcTX-1 could remarkably decrease these parameters. These findings show that increased [Ca2+]i, mediated via ASIC1a, might contribute to acid-induced vascular endothelial cell injury of HSP.

电力用聚氨酯复合材料的制备与性能

为了降低电力用聚氨酯树脂材料的密度,不损失其绝缘性能、吸水率和耐热性,制备了含不同体积分数的3种类型中空玻璃微珠的聚氨酯复合材料;通过扫描电镜、绝缘电阻、热重分析、差示扫描量热等测试手段对其性能进行了表征,研究了其密度、绝缘性、吸水性及耐热性。结果表明,体积分数为40%的K20型玻璃微珠的聚氨酯复合材料综合性能最好,特别是绝缘性突出,这是因为绝缘性良好的树脂基体与玻璃微珠复合后的界面效应使得复合材料具有优异的绝缘性能。最佳复合材料密度为0.737 g/cm3,吸水率为0.049%,表面电阻率为3.73×1015Ω,体积电阻率为3.76×1015Ω·cm,可以满足超特高压复合绝缘子的性能要求。

CFD simulation of gas–liquid flow in a high-pressure bubble column with a modified population balance model

In this study,based on the Luo bubble coalescence model,a model correction factor C_e for pressures according to the literature experimental results was introduced in the bubble coalescence efficiency term.Then,a coupled modified population balance model(PBM) with computational fluid dynamics(CFD) was used to simulate a high-pressure bubble column.The simulation results with and without C_e were compared with the experimental data.The modified CFD-PBM coupled model was used to investigate its applicability to broader experimental conditions.These results showed that the modified CFD-PBM coupled model can predict the hydrodynamic behaviors under various operating conditions.

3,3-二(叠氮甲基)氧丁环与四氢呋喃共聚醚弹性体硬段结构组成对其力学性能影响

为探索3,3-二叠氮甲基氧丁环-四氢呋喃共聚醚[Poly(BAMO-THF)]弹性体中硬段结构组成对力学性能的影响,以甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)为固化剂,调节扩链剂1,4-丁二醇(BDO)与交联剂三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)添加比制备了一系列固化参数与硬段含量不变、硬段组成不同的Poly(BAMO-THF)弹性体S1~S5。力学性能测试表明,随BDO含量增加、TMP含量下降,弹性体拉伸模量由S1的(0.83±0.05)MPa单调降至S5的(0.51±0.02)MPa,断裂延伸率由S1的526%±50%单调增至S5的950%±60%,拉伸强度维持恒定((2.52±0.39)MPa^(2.75±0.31)MPa)。溶胀测试表明,弹性体S1~S5平衡溶胀率随TMP含量下降呈单调上升,化学交联程度下降。低场核磁研究表明,弹性体S1~S5表观硬段含量随TMP含量下降呈单调上升。红外分析表明,随TMP含量下降弹性体中羰基与氨基氢键缔合程度增加,弹性体的物理交联程度提高。

The effect of operating conditions on acylation of 2-methylnaphthalene in a microchannel reactor

Acylation of 2-methylnaphthalene(2-MN) is a very important reaction in organic synthesis,and the effiency of the continuous reactor is more than one of the batch reactor.Considering that the Friedel–Crafts acylation is a rapid exothermic reaction,in this study,we perform the acylation of 2-MN in a stainless steel microchannel flow reactor,which is characterized by high mass and heat transfer rates.The effect of reactant ratio,mixing temperature,reaction temperature,and reaction time on product yield and selectivity were investigated.Under the optimal conditions,2-methyl-6-propionylnaphthalene(2,6-MPN) was obtained in 85.8% yield with 87.5% selectivity.Compared with the conventional batch system,the continuous flow microchannel reactor provides a more efficient method for the synthesis of 2,6-MPN.

Effect of sub-cloud evaporation on the δ^18O of precipitation in Qilian Mountains and Hexi Corridor, China

The sub-cloud evaporation effect refers to the evaporation process for raindrops that fall from the cloud base to the ground, which is usually accompanied by depleted light isotopes and enriched heavy isotopes in the precipitation. Based on 461 event-based precipitation samples collected from 12 weather stations in the Qilian Mountains and the Hexi Corridor from May to August of 2013, our results indicated that sub-cloud evaporation has a great influence on the δ^18O of precipitation, especially in small-amount precipitation events. In May, June, July, and August the δ18O composition was enriched by 35%, 26%, 39%, and 41%, respectively, from the cloud base to the ground. This influence clearly strengthened with temperature rise, from the Qilian Mountains to the Hexi Corridor. When falling raindrops are evaporated by 1.0% in the Qilian Mountains and the Hexi Corridor, the composition of δ18O would be enriched by 1.2% and 2.6%, respectively. Temperature dominated the sub-cloud evaporation in the Qilian Mountains, whereas relative humidity controlled it in the Hexi Corridor. These results provide new proofs of the evolutional process of stable isotopes in precipitation in arid regions.

Hyperspectral Inversion of Potassium Content in Apple Leaves Based on Vegetation Index

The aim of this study is to establish the estimation model of potassium content in apple leaves by using vegetation index. A total of 96 fresh apple leaves were collected from 24 orchards in Qixia County, Shandong Province. The spectral reflectance of the leaves was measured by ASD FieldSpec4. The difference vegetation index (DVI), ratio vegetation index (RVI) and normalized vegetation index (NDVI) were used to make the contour map through Matlab platform, and the combination of high correlation wavelength was selected to establish the random forest (RF) regression model of potassium content. The hyperspectral reflectance increased with the increase of leaf potassium content. The correlation between DVI and the content of potassium is higher than NDVI and RVI. The optimal vegetation index was DVI (364,740), the correlation coefficient was 0.5355. The random forest regression model established with DVI selected vegetation index was the best. R2 was 0.8995, RMSE and RE% were 0.0791 and 0.0617 respectively. Using DVI to establish the random forest regression model to reverse the potassium content of apple leaves has achieved good results. It is important to determine the growth status of apple in hyperspectral and to determine the potash fertilizer of apple trees.

Estimating Total Nitrogen Content in Brown Soil of Orchard Based on Hyperspectrum

The best hyperspectral estimation model of soil total nitrogen (TN) was established, which provided the basis for rapid and accurate estimation of soil total nitrogen content, scientific and rational fertilization and soil informatization management. A total of 92 brown soil samples were collected from the orchard of Qixia County, Yantai City, Shandong Province. After drying and grinding, the hyperspectrum of the soil was measured in the laboratory using ASD FieldSpec3. The TN contents of brown soil were measured by Kjeldahl method. The sensitive wavelengths were selected by multiple linear stepwise regression method. The hyperspectral estimation model of TN was established by Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machines (SVM). The models were validated by independent samples. The best estimation model was obtained. The sensitive wavelengths were 956 nm, 995 nm, 1020 nm, 1410 nm, 1659 nm and 2020 nm. The coefficients of determination (R2) of the two estimation models were 0.8011 and 0.8283, the root mean square errors (RMSE) were 0.022 and 0.025, and relative errors (RE) were 0.1422 and 0.1639, respectively. Random Forest model and Support Vector Machines model are feasible in estimating TN contents, but the Support Vector Machines model is better.

Applications of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing in Ground Object Identification and Classification

Hyperspectral remote sensing has become one of the research frontiers in ground object identification and classification. On the basis of reviewing the application of hyperspectral remote sensing in identification and classification of ground objects at home and abroad. The research results of identification and classification of forest tree species, grassland and urban land features were summarized. Then the researches of classification methods were summarized. Finally the prospects of hyperspectral remote sensing in ground object identification and classification were prospected.

Prediction Model of Nitrogen Content in Apple Leaves based on Ground Imaging Spectroscopy

A prediction model of apple leaf nitrogen content based on ground imaging spectroscopy was established to rapidly and nondestructively detect nitrogen content in apple leaves.SOC710VP hyperspectral imager was used to obtain the imaging spectral information of apple leaves,and the average spectral curve of interest region was extracted.The study is to analyze the characteristics of imaging spectral curves of apple leaves with different nitrogen content.On the basis of the SG smoothing and first derivative pretreatment of the spectral curve,the maximum sensitive band with nitrogen content is screened and the spectral parameters are constructed.Three modeling methods of BP,SVM and RF were used to establish the prediction model of nitrogen content in apple leaves.The results showed that in the visible range,the nitrogen content of apple leaves was negatively correlated with the reflectance of the spectral curve,and was most obvious in the green range.The R2 of BP,SVM and RF of apple leaf nitrogen content prediction model were 0.7283,0.8128,0.9086,RMSE were 0.9359,0.7365,0.5368,the R2 of test model were 0.6260,0.7294,0.6512,RMSE were 0.9460,0.7350,0.9024.Comparing the prediction results of the three models,the optimal prediction model is SVM model,which can well predict the nitrogen content of apple leaves.

In-depth investigation on the factors affecting the performance of high oil-absorption resin by response surface method

A series of high oil-absorption resins with low cross-linking degree were synthesized by suspension polymerization using stearyl methacrylate(SMA),2-Ethylhexyl methacrylate(EHMA),and styrene(St)as monomers.Response surface methodology(RSM)with central composite design(CCD)was also applied to determine the optimal parameters that are mainly known to affect their synthesis.Thus,the effects of the monomer mass ratio(EHMA:SMA),the rigid monomer(St)dosage,the porous agent(acetone)dosage,and their pairwise interaction on the resin's oil-absorption capacity were analyzed,highlighting PSES-R_(2) as the resin with the optimum performance.The pure oil-absorption rates of PSES-R_(2) for gasoline,diesel,and kerosene were 11.19 g·g^(-1),16.25 g·g^(-1),and 14.84 g·g^(-1),respectively,while the oil removal rates from oily wastewater were 98.82%,65.11%,and 99.63%,respectively.

Clinical features of Huntington disease in 243 Chinese patients

OBJECTIVE： To thoroughly explore the clinical characteristics of Huntington disease in China. METHODS： A computer-based online search of China National Knowledge Infrastructure was performed to review case reports concerning Huntington disease published between 1980 and 2008; the clinical characteristics were analyzed. RESULTS： A total of 80 studies involving 243 patients （142 males and 101 females） were collected, 82.0% of which were from provinces of North China. In addition, 97.1% of the cases had a family history of Huntington disease, and paternal inheritance （64.6%） was greater than maternal inheritance （35.4%）. Moreover, onset age was significantly less than from maternal inheritance. The mean onset age of Huntington disease was （35.2 ± 11.5） years, mean age of death was （45.6 ± 13.5） years, and the mean course of disease from onset to death was （11.6 ± 5.6） years. Onset characterized by involuntary movement accounted for 47.7%, including 66.4% in the entire body, 16.4% in the upper limbs, and 14.7% in the head and face. Psychiatric symptoms accounted for 18.1%, and disturbed intelligence accounted for 2.1%. With disease progression, 99.5% of patients exhibited involuntary movement, 69.8% displayed cognitive impairment, and 39.2% suffered from psychiatric symptoms. In addition, 38.7% of patients were complicated by dysarthria, dysphagia, and cough after drinking. A total of 70.8% of patients exhibited an abnormal electroencephalogram, 18.8% had mild abnormalities in the cerebrospinal fluid, and 70.1% displayed brain atrophy and lateral ventriculomegaly on CT or MRI. A total of 88.9% of patients scored ≤ 23 in the Mini-Mental State Examination （MMSE）. Of the reported patients, only 22 underwent/T15 gene testing with positive results. CONCLUSION： Huntington disease is more frequently detected in males than females, and the majority has a family history. The disease has high incidence in Northern China, in particular with paternal inheritance. In addition, the disease often struck middle-aged people, and the time of onset in paternal inheritance was earlier than maternal inheritance. There were no significant differences in age of onset between males and females, and the course of disease was not related to paternal or maternal inheritance. The symptoms of onset included involuntary movement, complicated by psychiatric symptoms, and rarely cognitive impairment. In addition, involuntary movement of the pharynx was commonly observed in patients. Genetic detection has been the gold standard for clinical diagnosis of Huntington disease, and more attention should be paid to this detection method.

Temperature and precipitation changes in Extensive Hexi Region, China, 1960–2011

Global climate change has been evident in many places worldwide. This study provxdes a better understanding of the variability and changes in frequency, intensity, and duration of temperature, precipitation, and climate extremes in the Extensive Hexi Region, based on meteorological data from 26 stations. The analysis of average, maximum, and minimum temperatures revealed that statistically significant warming occurred from 1960 to 2011. All temperature extremes dis- played trends consistent with warming, with the exception of coldest-night temperature （TNn） and coldest-day tempera- ture （TXn）, which were particularly evident in high-altitude areas and at night. Amount of precipitation and number of rainy days slowly increased with no significant regional trends, mainly occurring in the Qilian Mountains and Hexi Cor- ridor. The significance of changes in precipitation extremes during 1960-2011 was high, hut the regional trends of max- imum 5-day precipitation （RX5day）, the average precipitation on wet days （SDII）, and consecutive wet days （CWD） were not significant. The variations in the studied parameters indicate an increase in both the extremity and strength of precip- itation events, particularly in higher-altitude regions. Furthermore, the contribution from very wet precipitation （R95） and extremely wet precipitation （R99） to total precipitation also increased between 1960 and 2011. The assessment of these changes in temperature and precipitation may help in developing better management practices for water resources. Future studies in the region should focus on the impact of these changes on runoffs and glaciers.

Simulated Reflectance of Apple Trees in Canopy Level Based on the PROSAIL Model and HJ-1A-HSI Data

Using the PROSAIL radiation transfer model and HJ-1A-HSI data to simulate the canopy reflectivity of apple trees, this study lays the foundation for the inversion of canopy parameters. Taking Qixia City of Yantai City, Shandong Province as the research area, the apple tree was taken as the research object, and the hyperspectral reflectance, LAI and sample GPS of apple canopy were measured in the field. The parameters required for the PROSAIL model were obtained by experimental methods. The model simulates the reflectivity;the HSI image data is preprocessed, and the canopy reflectivity is extracted by GPS coordinates. The PROSAIL model and the HSI image simulated reflectance were fitted to the measured apple canopy reflectivity. The decisive factor (R2) of the simulated reflectance and the measured reflectance of the PROSAIL model was 0.9944, and the relative error (RE%)was 0.1845. The HSI data simulated reflectance and measured reflectance. The coefficient of determination is 0.9714 and the relative error is 0.6202. Both have achieved good fitting effects and can be used for inversion studies of apple canopy parameters.

Nitrogen Estimation Model of Apple Leaves Based on Imaging Spectroscopy

Imaging spectrometer was used to measure the spectral data of apple leaves.The spectral reflectance of apple leaves was extracted.The nitrogen content of apple leaves was correlated with the spectral reflectance after SG smoothing first-order differential treatment.The sensitive wavelengths were selected and nitrogen content prediction models were founded.The results showed that the spectral of apple leaves with different concentration gradients were obvious.The higher nitrogen content was,the lower spectral reflectance was.Established estimation models by using the selected SG smooth first-order differential spectral sensitive wavelengths SG-FDR403,SG-FDR469,SG-FDR525,SG-FDR566,SG-FDR650,SG-FDR696,SG-FDR781,SG-FDR851,SG-FDR933.The determined coefficient(R^2)of the partial least squares model was 0.5202.The root mean square error(RMSE)of that was 2.19 and the relative error(RE)of that was 5.89%.The R^2 of the support vector machine(SVM)model was 0.724.The RMSE of that was 1.94,and the RE of that was 5.13%.It is indicated that the SVM model can estimate the nitrogen content of apple leaves effectively.

基于Ugi四组分反应合成结构多样的新型分散染料

以Ugi四组分反应为关键步骤,建立了一种合成结构多样、色牢度性能优异新型分散染料的新方法.从简单易得的原料出发,经过4-氧代丁酸衍生物合成,酸、苯胺、苯甲醛和环己基异氰的Ugi四组分反应以及Ugi产物与重氮盐偶合等步骤合成了15个新颖的分散染料.用1H NMR、^(13)C NMR、红外光谱、质谱和高分辨质谱对Ugi产物和新染料的结构进行了表征,并测试了他们的可见光吸收和摩尔消光系数.在聚酰胺和聚酯纤维上色牢度的研究发现,新型分散染料的色牢度比已知分散染料红1和红13有了很大提高.色牢度的提高与分散染料中引入的两个酰胺基和一个酯基以及染料分子量/体积的适当提高相关.这是一个合成新型高性能分散染料分子库的有效方法.

β-甲基萘合成2-甲基-1,4-萘醌绿色氧化反应工艺

2-甲基-1,4-萘醌(2-MNQ)是K族维生素的重要中间体,广泛应用于医药、农药、饲料添加剂等领域。本工作以2-甲基萘(2-MN)为原料,(NH_(4))_(2)S_(2)O_(8)为引发剂,用30%H_(2)O_(2)与冰醋酸在硫酸催化下制备过氧乙酸并滴加至反应液中,氧化合成2-甲基-1,4-萘醌(2-MNQ),通过ICIR,GC-MS,LCMS对其结构进行表征,并验证氧化反应机理及中间产物。考察了催化剂、反应温度、反应时间、氧化剂与引发剂用量对产品2-MNQ收率、转化率的影响,采用HPLC (外标法)测定产品2-MNQ的转化率和收率,得到最佳工艺条件为反应温度65℃、反应时间5 h、n(H_(2)O_(2)):n(2-MN)=26:1,此时,2-甲基萘的转化率为99%,产品收率为34%。本工作的创新点是使用原位红外技术验证反应机理和中间过程,即原料2-甲基萘经过氧乙酸氧化,发生环氧化反应生成中间体,之后重排生成2-甲基羟醌,继续氧化生成目标产物2-甲基-1,4-萘醌。该工艺具有简单环保、操作条件温和、原料易得等特点。

G-CNTs/PVDF mixed matrix membranes with improved antifouling properties and filtration performance

Although carbon nanomaterials have been widely used as effective nanofillers for fabrication of mixed matrix membranes(MMMs)with outstanding performances,the reproducibility of the fabricated MMMs is still hindered by the non-homogenous dispersion of these carbon nanofillers in membrane substrate.Herein,we report an effective way to improve the compatibility of carbon-based nanomaterials with membrane matrixes.By chemically conjugating the oxidized CNTs(o-CNTs)and GO using hexanediamine as cross-linker,a novel carbon nanohybrid material(G-CNTs)was synthesized,which inherited both the advanced properties of multi-walled carbon nanotubes(CNTs)and graphene oxide(G0).The G-CNTs incorporated polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)MMMs(GCNTs/PVDF)were fabricated via a non-solvent induced phase separation(NIPS)method.The filtration and antifouling performances of G-CNTs/PVDF were evaluated using distillate water and a1g/L bovine serum albumin(BSA)aqueous solution under 0.10 MPa.Compared to the MMMs prepared with o-CNTs,GO,the physical mixture of o-CNTs and GO and pure PVDF membrane,the G-CNTs/PVDF membrane exhibited the highest water flux up to 220 L/m%and a flux recovery ratio as high as 90%,as well as the best BSA rejection rate.The excellent performances should be attributed to the increased membrane pore size,porosity and hydrophilicity of the resulted membrane.The successful synthesis of the novel nanohybrid G-CNTs provides a new type of nanofillers for MMMs fabrication.

Drosophila sbo regulates lifespan through its function in the synthesis of coenzyme Q in vivo

CoQ is an essential electron cartier in the mitochondrial respiratory chain of both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. It consists of a benzoquinone head group and a hydrophobic polyisoprenoid tail. The genes （COQ1-9） involved in CoQ biosynthesis have been characterized in yeast. In this study, we generated and molecularly characterized a mutant allele of a novel Drosophila gene, sbo, which encodes a protein that is predicted to catalyze the prenylation of p-hydroxybenzoate with the isoprenoid chain during the process of CoQ synthesis. Expression of sbo in yeast rescues the lethality of ACOQ2 mutant cells, indicating that sbo is a functional homolog of COQ2. HPLC results show that the levels of CoQ9 and COQlo were significantly reduced in sbo heterozygous adult flies. Furthermore, the mean lifespans of males and females heterozygous for sbo are extended by 12.5% and 30.8%, respectively. Homozygous sbo animals exhibit reduced activities of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling （IIS） pathway. Taken together, we conclude that sbo is an essential gene for Drosophila development, mutation of which leads to an extension of lifespan most likely by altering endogenous CoQ biosynthesis.