Identification of candidate genes for early-maturity traits by combining BSA-seq and QTL mapping in upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Cotton breeding for the development of early-maturing varieties is an effective way to improve multiple cropping indexes and alleviate the conflict between grains and cotton in the cultivated fields in China.In the present study,we aimed to identify upland cotton quantitative trait loci(QTLs)and candidate genes related to early-maturity traits,including whole growth period(WGP),flowering timing(FT),node of the first fruiting branch(NFFB),height of the node of the first fruiting branch(HNFFB),and plant height(PH).An early-maturing variety,CCRI50,and a latematuring variety,Guoxinmian 11,were crossed to obtain biparental populations.These populations were used to map QTLs for the early-maturity traits for two years(2020 and 2021).With BSA-seq analysis based on the data of population 2020,the candidate regions related to early maturity were found to be located on chromosome D03.We then developed 22 polymorphic insertions or deletions(InDel)markers to further narrow down the candidate regions,resulting in the detection of five and four QTLs in the 2020 and 2021 populations,respectively.According to the results of QTL mapping,two candidate regions(InDel_G286-InDel_G144 and InDel_G24-InDel_G43)were detected.In these regions,three genes(GH_D03G0451,GH_D03G0649,and GH_D03G1180)have nonsynonymous mutations in their exons and one gene(GH_D03G0450)has SNP variations in the upstream sequence between CCRI50 and Guoxinmian 11.These four genes also showed dominant expression in the floral organs.The expression levels of GH_D03G0451,GH_D03G0649 and GH_D03G1180 were significantly higher in CCRI50 than in Guoxinmian 11 during the bud differentiation stages,while GH_D03G0450 showed the opposite trend.Further functional verification of GH_D03G0451 indicated that the GH_D03G0451-silenced plants showed a delay in the flowering time.The results suggest that these are the candidate genes for cotton early maturity,and they may be used for breeding early-maturity cotton varieties.

重庆市12～15岁中学生口腔健康知识、态度、行为的问卷调查分析

目的对重庆市12~15岁中学生口腔健康知识、态度、行为等情况进行抽样调查并分析,为有针对性地对中学生开展口腔健康指导计划提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层抽样的方法抽取重庆市4个区县(主城区和郊区各2个)12~15岁4个年龄组中学生,通过问卷方式调查其口腔健康知识、态度及行为等方面的情况。全部数据使用Epidata双录入,使用SPSS 21.0软件进行统计学分析。结果共计回收有效问卷3902份,有良好刷牙习惯的比例为39.7%(1548人),平均口腔健康知识正确率为58.9%,平均口腔健康正性态度为88.6%,有就医经历的中学生为54.5%(2127人),在学校接受过口腔健康教育的为17.5%(681人)。刷牙习惯存在性别和地区性的差异。结论重庆市12~15岁中学生口腔健康知识知晓情况和口腔卫生行为有待提高,应加强针对中学生的口腔健康教育和口腔健康行为指导,并加强远郊和农村地区的口腔健康教育工作。

重庆市主城区学龄前儿童患龋情况及口腔卫生服务需要、利用情况和影响因素的研究

目的对重庆市主城区学龄前儿童口腔健康状况及其口腔卫生服务的需要和口腔卫生服务实际利用情况进行调查,分析其可能的影响因素,为重庆地区有针对性开展学龄前儿童口腔预防保健工作提供参考。方法参考第四次全国口腔健康流行病学调查实施方案,采用整群随机抽样的方法抽取主城9区中的3区12个街道24所幼儿园共1 300名3～4岁儿童进行口腔检查,并根据安德森卫生服务利用行为模型设计调查问卷并发放给家长填写。对口腔卫生服务利用情况采用卡方检验和logistic逐步回归分析。结果重庆市主城区学龄前儿童患龋率为55.4%,龋失补牙面数为6 696,龋面均为5.2,龋齿充填构成比为2.3%。有效问卷共1 173份,结果显示过去1年治疗性口腔就诊率为6.31%(74/1 173),预防性口腔就诊率为22.93%(269/1 173)。照顾者的受教育程度、受口腔问题困扰、每天何时刷牙和过去1年牙疼史为口腔就诊率的影响因素。结论重庆市学龄前儿童的口腔卫生服务需要仍普遍,口腔卫生服务利用不足,口腔医疗保健任务仍然十分艰巨,应进一步制定有针对性的口腔预防政策。

用药错误预防及管理临床实践指南的质量评价与内容分析

目的评价用药错误预防及管理相关临床实践指南,为减少临床用药错误、提高护士给药安全提供参考。方法计算机检索指南发布主要网站、专业学会网站和电子文献数据库,检索时限为建库至2019年1月31日,应用临床指南研究与评价工具Ⅱ(Appraisal of Guidelines for Research EvaluationⅡ,AGREEⅡ)评价循证指南,采用澳大利亚JBI循证卫生保健中心专家共识评价标准(2017)对基于专家共识的指南进行评价,并总结分析各指南的推荐内容。结果共纳入10部临床实践指南,其中循证指南4部,基于专家共识的指南6部;1部循证指南的总体质量评价为A级,3部为B级,指南整体质量较高。纳入的6部专家共识指南总体评价结果均为“纳入”。从10部指南共提取27条关于给药错误预防和管理的推荐意见。结论纳入的用药错误预防及管理临床实践指南质量整体较高,其推荐意见可为进一步规范临床用药,提高临床用药安全提供依据。