Flexible bidirectional pulse charging regulation achieving long-life lithium-ion batteries

Typical application scenarios,such as vehicle to grid(V2G)and frequency regulation,have imposed significant long-life demands on lithium-ion batteries.Herein,we propose an advanced battery life-extension method employing bidirectional pulse charging(BPC)strategy.Unlike traditional constant current charging methods,BPC strategy not only achieves comparable charging speeds but also facilitates V2G frequency regulation simultaneously.It significantly enhances battery cycle ampere-hour throughput and demonstrates remarkable life extension capabilities.For this interesting conclusion,adopting model identification and postmortem characterization to reveal the life regulation mechanism of BPC:it mitigates battery capacity loss attributed to loss of lithium-ion inventory(LLI)in graphite anodes by intermittently regulating the overall battery voltage and anode potential using a negative charging current.Then,from the perspective of internal side reaction,the life extension mechanism is further revealed as inhibition of solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)and lithium dendrite growth by regulating voltage with a bidirectional pulse current,and a semi-empirical life degradation model combining SEI and lithium dendrite growth is developed for BPC scenarios health management,the model parameters are identified by genetic algorithm with the life simulation exhibiting an accuracy exceeding 99%.This finding indicates that under typical rate conditions,adaptable BPC strategies can extend the service life of LFP battery by approximately 123%.Consequently,the developed advanced BPC strategy offers innovative perspectives and insights for the development of long-life battery applications in the future.

Phase equilibrium data prediction and process optimizationin butadiene extraction process

In response to the lack of reliable physical parameters in the process simulation of the butadiene extraction,a large amount of phase equilibrium data were collected in the context of the actual process of butadiene production by acetonitrile.The accuracy of five prediction methods,UNIFAC(UNIQUAC Functional-group Activity Coefficients),UNIFAC-LL,UNIFAC-LBY,UNIFAC-DMD and COSMO-RS,applied to the butadiene extraction process was verified using partial phase equilibrium data.The results showed that the UNIFAC-DMD method had the highest accuracy in predicting phase equilibrium data for the missing system.COSMO-RS-predicted multiple systems showed good accuracy,and a large number of missing phase equilibrium data were estimated using the UNIFAC-DMD method and COSMO-RS method.The predicted phase equilibrium data were checked for consistency.The NRTL-RK(non-Random Two Liquid-Redlich-Kwong Equation of State)and UNIQUAC thermodynamic models were used to correlate the phase equilibrium data.Industrial device simulations were used to verify the accuracy of the thermodynamic model applied to the butadiene extraction process.The simulation results showed that the average deviations of the simulated results using the correlated thermodynamic model from the actual values were less than 2%compared to that using the commercial simulation software,Aspen Plus and its database.The average deviation was much smaller than that of the simulations using the Aspen Plus database(>10%),indicating that the obtained phase equilibrium data are highly accurate and reliable.The best phase equilibrium data and thermodynamic model parameters for butadiene extraction are provided.This improves the accuracy and reliability of the design,optimization and control of the process,and provides a basis and guarantee for developing a more environmentally friendly and economical butadiene extraction process.

Design method of extractant for liquid-liquid extraction based on elements and chemical bonds

In the petrochemical industry process, the relative volatility between the components to be separated is close to one or the azeotrope that systems are difficult to separate. Liquid-liquid extraction is a common and effective separation method, and selecting an extraction agent is the key to extraction technology research. In this paper, a design method of extractants based on elements and chemical bonds was proposed. A knowledge-based molecular design method was adopted to pre-select elements and chemical bond groups. The molecules were automatically synthesized according to specific combination rules to avoid the problem of “combination explosion” of molecules. The target properties of the extractant were set, and the extractant meeting the requirements was selected by predicting the correlation physical properties of the generated molecules. Based on the separation performance of the extractant in liquid-liquid extraction and the relative importance of each index, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation membership function was established, the analytic hierarchy process determined the mass ratio of each index, and the consistency test results were passed. The results of case study based on quantum chemical analysis demonstrated that effective determination of extractants for the analysis of benzene-cyclohexane systems. The results unanimously prove that the method has important theoretical significance and application value.

Dispatch of a Coal Mine-Integrated Energy System:Optimization Model with Interval Variables and Lower Carbon Emission

In the coal mining process,a large amount of Coal Mine-Associated energy(CMAE),such as coal mine methane and underground wastewater,is produced.Research on the modeling and optimization dispatching of a Coal Mine-Integrated Energy System(CMIES)with CMAE effectively saves energy and reduces carbon pollution.CMAE has great uncertainties owing to the affections of the hydrogeology conditions and mining schedules.In addition,thermal loads have high comfort requirements in mines,which brings great challenges to the optimization dispatching of CMIESs.Therefore,this paper studies the architecture and solution of CMIESs with a flexible thermal load and source-load uncertainty.First,to effectively improve the electric and thermal conversion efficiency,the architecture of CMIES,including a concentrating solar power station,is built.Second,for the scheduling model with bilateral uncertainty,the interval representation method with interval variables is proposed,and a multi-objective scheduling model based on the interval variables and flexible thermal load is constructed.Finally,we propose a solution method for the model with interval variables.A case study is conducted to demonstrate the performance of our model and method for lowering carbon emissions and cost.

Targeting the organelle for radiosensitization in cancer radiotherapy

Radiotherapy is a well-established cytotoxic therapy for local solid cancers, utilizing high-energy ionizing radiation to destroy cancer cells. However, this method has several limitations, including low radiation energy deposition, severe damage to surrounding normal cells, and high tumor resistance to radiation. Among various radiotherapy methods, boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) has emerged as a principal approach to improve the therapeutic ratio of malignancies and reduce lethality to surrounding normal tissue, but it remains deficient in terms of insufficient boron accumulation as well as short retention time, which limits the curative effect. Recently, a series of radiosensitizers that can selectively accumulate in specific organelles of cancer cells have been developed to precisely target radiotherapy, thereby reducing side effects of normal tissue damage, overcoming radioresistance, and improving radiosensitivity. In this review, we mainly focus on the field of nanomedicine-based cancer radiotherapy and discuss the organelle-targeted radiosensitizers, specifically including nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes. Furthermore, the organelle-targeted boron carriers used in BNCT are particularly presented. Through demonstrating recent developments in organelle-targeted radiosensitization, we hope to provide insight into the design of organelle-targeted radiosensitizers for clinical cancer treatment.

The current situation of Sunitinib in treating non-small cell lung cancer

Sunitinib malate is one of the multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor,which are being used in clinic.It can inhibit more than 80 kinds of receptor`s tyrosine kinase,including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR),platelet-derived growth factor receptors,vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR),etc.And tyrosine kinase inhibitor is involved in connection with the generation and progression of many kinds of cancer including lung cancer.Several studies have evaluated the effect of Sunitinib on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC),by single agent,continuous daily dosing or in combination with chemotherapeutics (with docetaxel or gemcitabine plus cisplatin),which all showed certain effect.The test of Sunitinib in combination with gemcitabine plus cisplatin for advanced NSCLC shown that at the maximum tolerated dose:oral Sunitinib 37.5 mg/day intermittently (Schedule 2/1:2 weeks on treatment,1 week off treatment) schedule with intravenous infusions of gemcitabine (1000 mg/m2 days 1,8) and cisplatin (80 mg/m2 day 1),administered in 3-week cycles,66.7% patients achieved partial responses.And adverse effects were mild to moderate in severity (grades 1 to 2).Therapy was generally well tolerated.In summary,all the evidence above suggests that Sunitinib may play an important role in the treating of NSCLC.

Estimating heat capacities of liquid organic compounds based on elements and chemical bonds contribution

Molecular property depends on the property, the number of the elements, and the interaction between elements(such as chemical bonds). Based on the above-mentioned idea, two methods to estimate the isobaric heat capacity of liquids organic compounds were developed. Ten elements groups and 32 chemical bond groups were defined by considering the structure of organic compounds. The group contribution values and correlation parameters were regressed by the ridge regression method with the experiment data of 1137 compounds. The heat capacity can be calculated by summating the contributions of the elements and chemical bond groups. The two methods were compared with existing group contribution methods, such as Chickos, Zabransky-Ruzicka, and Zdenka Kolska. The results show that those new estimation methods' overall average relative deviations were 5.81% and 5.71%, which were lower than the other three methods. Those methods were more straightforward in compound splitting.Those new methods can be used to estimate the liquid heat capacity of silicon-containing compounds,which the other three methods cannot estimate. The new methods are more accessible, broader, and more accurate. Therefore, this research has important scientific significance and vast application prospects.

The extraction of aromatics using N-methylpyrrolidone: Liquid-liquidequilibrium determination and mechanism exploration

LLE data of cyclooctane/3-methylpentane + benzene/toluene + N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) at 298.15 Kand 313.15 K under a pressure of 101.3 kPa were measured in this work. The Othmer-Tobias and Handequations were adopted to validate the reliability of LLE data, where the correlation coefficients (R2) wereclose to unity, indicating the high reliability of the experimental data. The experimental data were analyzed using the distribution coefficient (D) and separation factor (S), and the effect of NMP extracting benzene and toluene from aromatics was explored. Meanwhile, the reason for the different extractionefficiencies of benzene and toluene using NMP was analyzed by quantum chemical calculations. TheNRTL and UNIQUAC thermodynamic models were used to correlate the liquid–liquid equilibrium data,and the relevant binary interaction parameters were obtained. The calculated root mean square deviation(RMSD) were all less than 0.0063, indicating that the obtained binary interaction parameters can be usedto simulate and calculate the extraction of aromatics using NMP.

Multi‐objective particle swarm optimisation of complex product change plan considering service performance

Design change is an inevitable part of the product development process.This study proposes an improved binary multi‐objective PSO algorithm guided by problem char-acteristics(P‐BMOPSO)to solve the optimisation problem of complex product change plan considering service performance.Firstly,a complex product multi‐layer network with service performance is established for the first time to reveal the impact of change effect propagation on the product service performance.Secondly,the concept of service performance impact(SPI)is defined by decoupling the impact of strongly associated nodes on the service performance in the process of change affect propagation.Then,a triple‐objective selection model of change nodes is established,which includes the three indicators:SPI degree,change cost,and change time.Furthermore,an integer multi‐objective particle swarm optimisation algorithm guided by problem characteristics is developed to solve the model above.Experimental results on the design change problem of a certain type of Skyworth TV verify the effectiveness of the established optimisation model and the proposed P‐BMOPSO algorithm.

A generalized alpha function of Peng-Robison equation of state for non-polar,weakly polar and polar compounds

A novel alpha function for Peng-Robinson equation of state was proposed and generalized with acentric factor and dipole moment for predicting thermodynamic properties of non-polar,weakly polar,and polar compounds.The parameters of new alpha function were fitted with vapor pressures of 70 compounds.Six different methods were investigated for the correlation of parameters of new alpha function and Heyen alpha function.The generalized new alpha function passed the consistency test.The results indicated that the predictive accuracy of generalized new alpha function and generalized Heyen alpha function was improved for the estimation of vapor pressure of 11 kinds of compounds,with the average relative deviations(ARDs)being 2.60%and 2.76%.The ARDs of the two generalized alpha functions were 2.04%and 2.09%for the enthalpy of vaporization.However,the generalized new alpha function and the other alpha functions had great deviations for the prediction of liquid volumes and isobaric heat capacities.The alpha function that was generalized with acentric factor and reduced dipole moment was more accurate than that was generalized with acentric factor,especially for the prediction of vapor pressure and enthalpy of vaporization of polar compounds.

Phosphorus Containing Rubber Seed oil as a Flame Retardant Plasticizer for Polyvinyl Chloride

The application of phthalate plasticizers has been restricted around the world due to their poor migration and potential harm to the human body.Hence,producing functional bio-based plasticizers via exploiting clean and reusable resources meets the satisfaction of current demands.In this study,flame-retardant rubber seed oil-based plasticize(FRP)was prepared via epoxidation reaction and ring opening addition reactions,which was used as a flame-resistant plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride to replace petroleum-based phthalate plasticizer.When DOP was replaced with FRP,the torque of PVC blends increased from 11.4 to 18.4 N⋅m,the LOI value increased from 24.3%for PVC-FRP-0%to 33.1%for PVC-FRP-20.The THR value diminished from 39 MJ/m^(2)(pertaining to PVC-FRC-0)to 22 MJ/m^(2)Tg increased from 23°C to 47°C,the weight loss of plasticized PVC blends significantly reduced from 22.6%to 2.8%in leaching tests.The study provided a new way to prepare flame retardant plasticizer using rubber seed oil as raw material.

Solving Travelling Salesman Problem with an Improved Hybrid Genetic Algorithm

We present an improved hybrid genetic algorithm to solve the two-dimensional Eucli-dean traveling salesman problem (TSP), in which the crossover operator is enhanced with a local search. The proposed algorithm is expected to obtain higher quality solutions within a reasonable computational time for TSP by perfectly integrating GA and the local search. The elitist choice strategy, the local search crossover operator and the double-bridge random mutation are highlighted, to enhance the convergence and the possibility of escaping from the local optima. The experimental results illustrate that the novel hybrid genetic algorithm outperforms other genetic algorithms by providing higher accuracy and satisfactory efficiency in real optimization processing.

Effect Analysis of WeChat Platform Combined with PBL Teaching Method for Standardized Training of Residents in Anesthesiology Department

Objective: To explore and analyze the effect of the WeChat platform combined with the PBL teaching method in the standardized training of anesthesia residents. Methods: 120 anesthesiology residents from January 2018 to the end of December 2019 were selected, and divided into a control group and an observation group of 60 each according to the time sequence of admission. The control group adopted the conventional teaching mode, and the observation group adopted the WeChat platform combined PBL teaching method. The scores of theoretical knowledge and anesthesia skills operation after training, the scores of the teaching interest survey, and the satisfaction with the teaching mode between the two groups were compared. Results: The scores of theoretical knowledge and anesthesia skills operation in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the indicators of teaching interest in the observation group were also higher than those in the control group. The differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The satisfaction degree of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the difference was also statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The WeChat platform combined with the PBL teaching method is beneficial to improve the training effect of anesthesiology residents, stimulating autonomous learning ability, ensuring the effective practice of theoretical knowledge, and promoting them to move towards a higher standard of anesthesia skills.

RAD51调控REV1参与DNA双链断裂修复

REV1是跨损伤聚合酶Y家族的重要成员之一,它不仅作为支架蛋白介导Y家族聚合酶招募至损伤位点完成跨损伤DNA合成(translesion DNA synthesis, TLS),还可利用自身的dCMP转移酶活性在一些损伤位点对侧整合dCMP参与TLS。此外,REV1也被报导参与调控同源重组修复。为进一步探讨REV1互作蛋白RAD51和RAD51C在其参与的同源重组修复通路中的调控作用,本研究采用脉冲氮激光微辐射实验,发现RAD51可调控REV1到双链断裂位点的募集。同时,免疫荧光实验结果证明REV1也反过来影响RAD51应答CPT损伤。然而敲低RAD51C并不影响REV1到DNA双链断裂位点的招募。结果表明,REV1和RAD51在HR通路中存在彼此相互调控的关系。

术前红细胞分布宽度对非小细胞肺癌患者预后的评估价值

目的:分析术前红细胞分布宽度(red cell distribution width,RDW)对非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)患者预后的评估价值。方法:回顾性分析2008年3月至2012年12月天津医科大学肿瘤医院行根治性手术的513例NSCLC患者的临床病理资料。根据受试者工作特征ROC曲线分析确定RDW的截断值。分别通过χ2、t或秩和检验分析RDW与临床病理特征和实验室变量之间的关系,采用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析,Log-rank检验组间生存差异。采用Cox比例风险回归模型进行多因素分析。结果:根据ROC曲线,术前RDW最佳截断值为12.95%。其中RDW≤12.95%为250例,RDW>12.95%为263例。术前RDW与年龄、血红蛋白、白蛋白、纤维蛋白原和D-二聚体水平显著相关(均P<0.05)。单因素分析显示肿瘤位置、病理分期、血小板数目、白蛋白、血红蛋白、纤维蛋白原和术前RDW是影响NSCLC患者预后的因素(均P<0.05);多因素分析显示术前RDW和病理分期是影响NSCLC患者预后的独立危险因素(均P<0.05)。结论:术前RDW水平可作为预测行根治性手术的NSCLC患者预后的指标。

Design of heat exchanger network based on entransy theory

The heat exchanger network(HEN) synthesis problem based on entransy theory is analyzed. According to the characteristics of entransy representation of thermal potential energy, the entransy dissipation represents the irreversibility of the heat transfer process, the temperature difference determines the entransy dissipation, and four HEN design steps based on entransy theory are put forward. The present study shows how it is possible to set energy targets based on entransy and achieve them with a network of heat exchangers by an example of heat exchanger network design for four streams. In order to verify the correctness of the heat exchanger networks design method based on entransy theory, the synthesis of the HEN for the diesel hydrogenation unit is studied. Using the heat exchange networks design method based on entransy theory, the HEN obtained is consistent with energy targets. The entransy transfer efficiency of HEN based on entransy theory is 92.29%, higher than the entransy transfer efficiency of the maximum heat recovery network based on pinch technology.

A comparative study of the therapeutic effect in two protocols: video-assisted thoracic surgery combined with laparoscopy versus right open transthoracic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer management

Objective: The aim was to evaluate the best intra-thoracoscopic surgery technique between video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) combined with laparoscopy and right open transthoracic esophagectomy, in patients with esophageal cancer. Methods: From November 2006 to May 2008, 221 patients with esophageal cancer were enrolled in this study, prospective randomized in two groups. 111 patients were performed the VATS technique (Experimental group), whereas in the other 110 patients esophagectomy was adopted by thoracotomy (Control group). Results: The time consuming of Experimental group was 272.3 min in average with a standard deviation(std) of 57.9, and it was 218.7 min in average with std of 91.0 in the control group (P=0.000). The operative blood loss was 219.7±194.4 mL in the Experimental group, compared with 590.0±324.4 mL in the control group, with significant difference (P=0.000). Postoperative hospital stay of Experimental group was 9.6±1.7d, and it was 11.4±2.3d in the control group (P=0.000). There was no-delayed union of incision in the Experimental group, but 6.36% in the control group (P=0.007). The disorder of gastric emptying occurred 0.9% in the Experimental group, whereas 6.4% in the Control group. There was no significant difference in survival curves and rates (P=0.555). Conclusion: There were several advantages of VATS technique, such as reduced hemorrhage, better recovery, few complications, and great number of lymph node dissection, although there was no significant difference in long-term survival rate. Thus the VATS combined with laparoscopy technique was worthy of generalization in esophageal surgery with good prospects.

A novel method based on entransy theory for setting energy targets of heat exchanger network

A T-Q diagram based on entransy theory is applied to graphically and quantitatively describe the irreversibility of the heat transfer processes.The hot and cold composite curves can be obtained in the T-Q diagram.The entransy recovery and entransy dissipation that are affected by temperature differences can be obtained through the shaded area under the composite curves.The method for setting the energy target of the HENs in T-Q diagram based on entransy theory is proposed.A case study of the diesel oil hydrogenation unit is used to illustrate the application of the method.The results show that three different heat transfer temperature differences is 10 K,15 K and 20 K,and the entransy recovery is 5.498×10~7k W·K,5.377×10~7k W·K,5.257×10~7k W·K,respectively.And the entransy transfer efficiency is 92.29%,91.63%,90.99%.Thus,the energy-saving potential of the HENs is obtained by setting the energy target based on the entransy transfer efficiency.

Modulation of the plasma uniformity by coil and dielectric window structures in an inductively coupled plasma

The effects of coil and dielectric window structures on the plasma distribution are examined in a cylindrically symmetric planar inductively coupled plasma(ICP).A two-dimensional(2 D)fluid model is employed to investigate the design issues of ICP source for etching.When the gradient coil structure is applied at 400 W and 20 mTorr,the ionization rate caused by the power deposition decreases at the reactor center as compared to that in a reactor with a planar coil above the planar dielectric window,and a rather uniform plasma is obtained.However,for the vertical coil geometry,all the coils move to the position of the outermost coil,and the peaks of the power deposition and ionization rate appear at the radial edge of the substrate.In this case,the plasma density is characterized by an edge-high profile.Further,it is observed that the plasma uniformity is improved by increasing the source power under a gas pressure of 20 mTorr and becomes better when the gas pressure increases to 30 mTorr with the source power being fixed at400 W in the gradient coil configuration,but the uniformity of plasma worsens with the rising source power or pressure due to the strong localization in the vertical coil geometry.Moreover,when the discharge is sustained in a reactor with a stepped dielectric window at r=0.135 m,the best plasma uniformity is obtained at 400 W and 20 m Torr because the ionization rate is enhanced at the outermost coil,and the dielectric window at r=0.135 m blocks the diffusion of plasma towards the axis.In addition,higher source power and lower gas pressure produce more uniform plasma for the designs with a stepped window near the symmetry axis.When the dielectric window is stepped at r=0.135 m,the non-uniformity of plasma initially decreases and then increases with the increase in source power or gas pressure.When the dielectric window is stepped at the radial edge of the chamber,the plasma uniformity is improved by increasing the source power and gas pressure due to the enhanced ionization at the larger radius caused by the severe localization.

Complete mitogenome of the Painted Jezebel,Delias hyparete Linnaeus(Lepidoptera:Pieridae)and its comparison with other butterfly species

In the present study,we report the first complete mitochondrial genome(mitogenome)of the Painted Jezebel,Delias hyparete.The mitogenome of Delias hyparete is 15186 bp in length,and has typical sets of 37 genes:13 protein-coding genes(PCGs),2 ribosomal RNAs,22 transfer RNAs and a non-coding A+T-rich region.All protein-coding genes are initiated by ATN codons,except for COI,which is tentatively designated by the CGA codon,as observed in other butterfly species.A total of 10 PCGs harbored the complete termination codon TAA or TAG,while the COI,COII and ND5 genes ended at a single T residue.All 22 tRNA genes show typical clover structures,with the exception of the tRNASer(AGN)which lacks the dihydrouridine(DHU)stem and is instead replaced by a simple loop.Thirteen intergenic spacers totaling 153 bp,and 13 overlapping regions totaling 46 bp are scattered throughout the whole genome.The 377 bp long of D.hyparete A+T-rich region is not comprised of large repetitive sequences,but harbors several features characteristic of the lepidopteran insects,including the motif ATAGA followed by an 18 bp poly-T stretch,a microsatellite-like(AT)5 element preceded by the ATTTA motif,an 10 bp polyA-like stretch(AAAAATAAAA)present immediately upstream tRNAMet.