Dual roles of the amygdala-hippocampus circuit in the regulation of rapid eye movement sleep and depression symptoms by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with insomnia

To the editor:It is commonly reported that people with insomnia often experience comorbid emotional disorders,such as mood and anxiety disorders.12 A study found that fragmented rapid eye movement(REM)sleep in individuals with insomnia is associated with higher Beck Depression Inventory(BDI)scores.3 REM sleep architecture disruption is a typical symptom of insomnia.

Comparisons of transcranial alternating current stimulation and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment therapy for insomnia:a pilot study

To the editor:Insomnia disorder has a serious and widespread detrimental effect on humans with comorbidity with other mental or physical health problems.In recent years,noninvasive brain stimulation(NIBS)techniques,especially transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS)and transcranial electrical stimulation,have been increasingly used for the treatment of brain diseases,including insomnia disorder.

Genetic dissection of N use efficiency using maize inbred lines and testcrosses

Although the use of heterosis in maize breeding has increased crop productivity,the genetic causes underlying heterosis for nitrogen(N) use efficiency(NUE) have been insufficiently investigated.In this study,five N-response traits and five low-N-tolerance traits were investigated using two inbred line populations(ILs) consisting of recombinant inbred lines(RIL) and advanced backcross(ABL) populations,derived from crossing Ye478 with Wu312.Both populations were crossed with P178 to construct two testcross populations.IL populations,their testcross populations,and the midparent heterosis(MPH)for NUE were investigated.Kernel weight,kernel number,and kernel number per row were sensitive to N level and ILs showed higher N response than did the testcross populations.Based on a highdensity linkage map,138 quantitative trait loci(QTL) were mapped,each explaining 5.6%–38.8% of genetic variation.There were 52,34 and 52 QTL for IL populations,MPH,and testcross populations,respectively.The finding that 7.6% of QTL were common to the ILs and their testcross populations and that 11.7% were common to the MPH and testcross population indicated that heterosis for NUE traits was regulated by non-additive and non-dominant loci.A QTL on chromosome 5 explained 27% of genetic variation in all of the traits and Gln1-3 was identified as a candidate gene for this QTL.Genome-wide prediction of NUE traits in the testcross populations showed 14%–51% accuracy.Our results may be useful for clarifying the genetic basis of heterosis for NUE traits and the candidate gene may be used for genetic improvement of maize NUE.

Characteristics of photosynthesis and vertical canopy architecture of citrus trees under two labor-saving cultivation modes using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based LiDAR data in citrus orchards

Analyzing and comparing the effects of labor-saving cultivation modes on photosynthesis,as well as studying their vertical canopy architecture,can improve the tree structure of high-quality and high-yield citrus and selection of labor-saving cultivation modes.The photosynthesis of 1080 leaves of two labor-saving cultivation modes(wide-row and narrow-plant mode and fenced mode)comparing with the traditional mode were measured,and nitrogen content of all leaves and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency(PNUE)were determined.Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)-based light detection and ranging(LiDAR)data were used to assess the vertical architecture of three citrus cultivation modes.Results showed that for the wide-row and narrow-plant and traditional modes leaf photosynthetic CO_(2) assimilation rate,stomatal conductance,and transpiration rate of the upper layer were significantly higher than those of the middle layer,and values of the middle layer were markedly higher than those of the lower layer.In the fenced mode,a significant difference in photosynthetic factors between the upper and middle layers was not observed.A vertical canopy distribution had a more significant effect on PNUE in the traditional mode.Leaves in the fenced mode had distinct photosynthetic advantages and higher PNUE.UAV-based LiDAR data effectively revealed the differences in the vertical canopy architecture of citrus trees by enabling calculating the density and height percentile of the LiDAR point cloud.The point cloud densities of three cultivation modes were significantly different for all LiDAR density slices,especially at higher canopy heights.The labor-saving modes,particularly the fenced mode,had significantly higher height percentile data.

Electroencephalography microstates as novel functional biomarkers for insomnia disorder

Background Insomnia disorder(ID)is one of the most common mental disorders.Research on ID focuses on exploring its mechanism of disease,novel treatments and treatment outcome prediction.An emerging technique in this field is the use of electroencephalography(EEG)microstates,which offer a new method of EEG feature extraction that incorporates information from both temporal and 6/spatial dimensions.Aims To explore the electrophysiological mechanisms of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)for ID treatment and use baseline microstate metrics for the prediction of its efficacy.Methods This study included 60 patients with ID and 40 age-matched and gender-matched good sleep controls(GSC).Their resting-state EEG microstates were analysed,and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)and polysomnography(PSG)were collected to assess sleep quality.The 60 patients with ID were equally divided into active and sham groups to receive rTMS for 20 days to test whether rTMS had a moderating effect on abnormal microstates in patients with ID.Furthermore,in an independent group of 90 patients with ID who received rTMS treatment,patients were divided into optimal and suboptimal groups based on their median PSQI reduction rate.Baseline EEG microstates were used to build a machine-learning predictive model for the effects of rTMS treatment.Results The class D microstate was less frequent and contribute in patients with ID,and these abnormalities were associated with sleep onset latency as measured by PSG.Additinally,the abnormalities were partially reversed to the levels observed in the GSC group following rTMS treatment.The baseline microstate characteristics could predict the therapeutic effect of ID after 20 days of rTMS,with an accuracy of 80.13%.Conclusions Our study highlights the value of EEG microstates as functional biomarkers of ID and provides a new perspective for studying the neurophysiological mechanisms of ID.In addition,we predicted the therapeutic effect of rTMS on ID based on the baseline microstates of patients with ID.This finding carries great practical significance for the selection of therapeutic options for patients with ID.

CO_(2)变形记

光催化还原CO_(2)的基本原理是当入射光能量大于或等于半导体的禁带宽度时,其价带中的电子将受激发跃迁到导带,于导带发生还原反应,光催化还原CO_(2)是解决能源危机和环境污染的新技术之一。本文通过CO_(2)拟人化方式,以CO_(2)分子变形的经历介绍光催化还原CO_(2)转化为碳一产物的反应途径与机理,介绍了各产物在生活中的应用。

Stem cell transplantation for treating stroke:status,trends and development

The developing approaches of thrombolytic therapy, endovascular treatment, neuroprotective therapy, and stem cell therapy have enabled breakthroughs in stroke treatment. In this study, we summarize and analyze trends and progress in stem cell transplantation for stroke treatment by retrieval of literature from Thomson Reuters Web of Science database, the NIH Clinical Trial Planning Grant Program, and Clinical Trials Registration Center in North America. In the last 10 years, there has been an increasing number of published articles on stem cell transplantation for stroke treatment. In particular, research from the USA and China has focused on stem cell transplantation. A total of 2,167 articles addressing stem cell transplantation for stroke treatment from 2004 to 2013 were retrieved from the Thomson Reuters Web of Science database. The ma- jority of these articles were from the USA （854, 39.4%）, with the journal Stroke publishing the most articles （145, 6.7%）. Of the published articles, 143 were funded by the National Institutes of Health （accounting for 6.6% of total publications）, and 91 by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. Between 2013 and 2014, the National Institutes of Health provided finan- cial support （$130 million subsidy） for 329 research projects on stroke therapy using stem cell transplantation. In 2014, 215 new projects were approved, receiving grants of up to $70,440,000. Ninety clinical trials focusing on stem cell transplantation for stroke were registered in the Clinical Trial Registration Center in North America, with 40 trials registered in the USA （ranked first place）. China had the maximum number of registered research or clinical trials （10 projects）.

Compressive Behavior of Steel Members Reinforced by Patch Plate with Welding and Bonding

Repair and reinformcement of aged civil steel structures is one of the important issues for maintaining and using them for a long term. For repair and reinforcement of deteriorated civil steel structures due to fatigue and corrosion, patch plate reinforcement is widely applied. Bolting is generally used because of easy quality control and many construction achievements. However, bolting has downsides including holes made and weight increase. Welding is considered to overcome these demerits but in reality the application of welding is unsatisfactory due to the possibility of fatigue crack occurring from the welded part. In this study, a patch plate strengthening system of welded joint assisted with bonding has been proposed. The compressive behaviors of weld-bond jointed specimen were investigated by a series of experiments and FE analysis. It was confirmed that use of welding and bonding was effective to enhance compressive strength of specimen, due to better load-carrying capacity of patch plate compared with sole use of welding.

Nighttime snacking is associated with risk of obesity and hyperglycemia in adults:a cross-sectional survey from Chinese adult teachers

Relationship between nighttime snack and human health conditions remains unclear. In this paper, we analyzed the association of frequency of nighttime snacking with obesity, hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia using a Chinese teacher cohort. The Chinese teacher study contains 22,176 of the general adult population operated on in 2015.Information of nighttime snacking frequency was acquired by questionnaire. Overweight and obesity outcome were assessed by body mass index（BMI）, and hypertension; hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia were self-reported.Associations between nighttime snacking consumption and outcomes were performed with multivariat regression and further stratification analyses. We found a significant association（OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.24, 3.62; P for trend 〈0.001）between most frequent nighttime snacking and hyperglycemia. A remarkable association was also observed between most frequent consumption of nighttime snack and obesity（OR 3.10, 95% CI 1.63, 5.89; P for trend〈0.001）. The present results provide epidemiological evidence that consumption of nighttime snack was associated with obesity and hyperglycemia in Chinese adult teachers. However, the underlying mechanisms still need further investigation.

Stability of Delayed Switched Systems With State-Dependent Switching

This paper investigates the stability of switched systems with time-varying delay and all unstable subsystems. According to the stable convex combination, we design a state-dependent switching rule. By employing Wirtinger integral inequality and Leibniz-Newton formula, the stability results of nonlinear delayed switched systems whose nonlinear terms satisfy Lipschitz condition under the designed state-dependent switching rule are established for different assumptions on time delay. Moreover,some new stability results for linear delayed switched systems are also presented. The effectiveness of the proposed results is validated by three typical numerical examples.

Real-Time High-Resolution MRI Endoscopy at up to 10 Frames per Second

Objective.Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity.Optical endoscopy,ultrasound,and X-ray offer minimally invasive imaging assessments but have limited sensitivity for characterizing disease and therapeutic response.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)endoscopy is a newer idea employing tiny catheter-mounted detectors connected to the MRI scanner.It can see through vessel walls and provide soft-tissue sensitivity,but its slow imaging speed limits practical applications.Our goal is highresolution MRI endoscopy with real-time imaging speeds comparable to existing modalities.Methods.Intravascular(3 mm)transmit-receive MRI endoscopes were fabricated for highly undersampled radial-projection MRI in a clinical 3-tesla MRI scanner.Iterative nonlinear reconstruction was accelerated using graphics processor units connected via a single ethernet cable to achieve true real-time endoscopy visualization at the scanner.MRI endoscopy was performed at 6-10 frames/sec and 200-300μm resolution in human arterial specimens and porcine vessels ex vivo and in vivo and compared with fully sampled 0.3 frames/sec and three-dimensional reference scans using mutual information(MI)and structural similarity(3-SSIM)indices.Results.High-speed MRI endoscopy at 6-10 frames/sec was consistent with fully sampled MRI endoscopy and histology,with feasibility demonstrated in vivo in a large animal model.A 20-30-fold speed-up vs.0.3 frames/sec reference scans came at a cost of~7%in MI and~45%in 3-SSIM,with reduced motion sensitivity.Conclusion.High-resolution MRI endoscopy can now be performed at frame rates comparable to those of X-ray and optical endoscopy and could provide an alternative to existing modalities,with MRI’s advantages of soft-tissue sensitivity and lack of ionizing radiation.

Effect of Different Education Modes on Disease Recognition and Compliance in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Objective.To explore the impact of different educational models on disease recognition and compliance in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods.For 100 patients with type 2 diabetes who were filed at the Changyanbao Community Health Service Center and the Electronic City Community Health Service Center from January 2017 to January 2018,the patients with diabetes were divided into 50 patients in the patient education group(group I)and 50 patients in the comprehensive education group(group II)according to the order of establishment.Observe the effects of different educational models on disease recognition and compliance in patients with type 2 diabetes.Results.After the relevant education,the effects of disease recognition and compliance were significantly higher in both groups(P<0.05),but the disease recognition and compliance of the patients in group II were significantly better than patients in group I(P<0.05).Conclusion.Through a variety of diabetes education models,and the network medical platform,patients can effectively improve disease awareness and compliance,thereby further control blood sugar,and improve patient quality of life.

Regulation of the pore structure of carbon nanosheets based electrocatalyst for efficient polysulfides phase conversions

The practical applications of lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are hampered by the sluggish redox kinetics and polysulfides shuttle in the cyclic process,which leads to a series of problems including the loss of active materials and poor cycling efficiency.In this paper,the pore structures of carbon nanosheets based electrocatalysts were precisely controlled by regulating the content of water-soluble KCl template.The relationship between pore structures and Li-S electrochemical behavior was studied,which demonstrates a key influence of pore structure in polysulfides phase conversions.In the liquid-sloid redox reaction of polysulfides,the micropores and small mesopores(d<20 nm)exhibited little impact,while the meso-pores(d>20 nm)and macropores played a decisive role.As a typical exhibition,the nickel-embedded carbon nanosheets(Ni-CNS)with a high content of large mesopores and macropores can aid Li-S batteries in exhibiting stable cycling performance(760.1 mAh g^(-1)at 1 C after 300 cycles)and superior rate capac-ity(847.8 mAh g^(-1)at 2 C).Furthermore,even with high sulfur loading(8 mg cm^(−2))and low electrolyte(E/S is around 6μL mg^(-1)),the high area capacity of 7.7 mAh cm^(−2)at 0.05 C could be achieved.This work can provide a guideline for the design of the pore structure of carbon-based electrocatalysts toward high-efficiency sulfur species redox reactions,and afford a general,controllable,and simple approach to constructing high performance Li-S batteries.

Enzymatic self-assembly/disassembly turns “ON”/“OFF” the mimetic hydrolytic activity of histidine nanofibers

Mimetic enzymes are devised as alternates or supplements of natural enzymes in broad fields but regulating their activities in a switchable manner remains challenging.Herein,we proposed an enzymatic self-assembly/disassembly strategy to address this issue.A peptide molecule Nap FFEYIH(YH) was rationally designed which,after self-assembling into nanofibers,lined up the histidine moieties to form active hydrolysis centers for mimicking hydrolase activity.Enzymatic dephosphorylation of Nap FFEYp IH(Yp H) by alkaline phosphatase to yield YH also turned “ON” the hydrolase activity.In turn,phosphorylation of YH by phosphokinase epidermal growth factor receptor to yield Yp H disassembled the nanofibers and thus turned the activity “OFF”.As such,the “ON”/“OFF” of the mimetic hydrolase activities could be regulated under physiological conditions through ALP/EGFR-mediated self-assembly/disassembly of histidine nanofibers.This work provides a feasible strategy for the on-demand fabrication of artificial enzymes with controllable and superior activities.

城镇污水处理过程的多角度综合评价研究进展

污水处理行业快速发展,各种治理技术层出不穷,在很大程度上解决了环境污染问题,但也不可避免地会造成环境影响。在“双碳”背景下,为选择更高效的污水处理技术,各种评价方法相继在污水处理行业中应用。本综述总结了城镇污水处理过程中应用较为广泛的评价研究现状,主要关注基于生命周期评价的环境影响评价,其中重点关注环境富营养化、全球变暖潜力等方面的影响;经济评价中通过对成本分析可发现在处理过程中能源成本很重要,由利润分析可发现回收利用沼气可以提高利润;此外,碳足迹和有机物毒性计算也逐渐成为研究重点。基于以上内容提出了“5E”评价系统,可切实解决城镇污水处理过程多角度综合评价问题,为行业可持续发展、“双碳”目标的实现提供支撑。要点:(1)简述了污水处理厂发展前景和优势。(2)综述了环境影响评价、经济评价、碳足迹分析、有机物毒性分析和技术分析在城镇污水处理中的应用。(3)提出了“5E”评价系统,对多角度综合评价的发展前景进行了展望。

Mediating role of resilience in the relationship between COVID-19 related stigma and mental health among COVID-19 survivors:a cross-sectional study

Background The global coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has caused many negative effects on physical and mental health of patients who have survived COVID-19.Apart from some long-lasting physical sequelae,those COVID-19 survivors are also suffering stigma and discrimination at different levels around the world.The current study aims to assess the role resilience played in stigma and mental disorders among COVID-19 survivors.Methods The cross-sectional study was carried out among former COVID-19 patients in Jianghan District(Wuhan,China)from June 10 to July 25,2021.The demographic questions,the Impact of Events Scale-Revised,the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire,the Patient Health Questionnaire,the Resilience Style Questionnaire and the Short Version of COVID-19 Stigma Scale of 12 items were used to collect relevant information of the participants.Descriptive analyses,Pearson correlation analysis and Structural Equation Modeling were used to make data description and analysis.Results A total of 1541 out of 1601 COVID-19 survivors(887 females and 654 males)were included in the analysis.Perceived stigma of those COVID-19 survivors correlates significantly with anxiety(r=0.335,P<0.001),depression(r=0.325,P<0.001)and post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)(r=0.384,P<0.001).It has a direct effect on COVID-19 survivors’anxiety(β=0.326,P<0.001),depression(β=0.314,P<0.001),PTSD(β=0.385,P<0.001)and their resilience(β=−0.114,P<0.01).Resilience partially mediated the association between perceived stigma and anxiety(β=0.020,P<0.01),depression(β=0.020,P<0.01),and PTSD(β=0.014,P<0.01)among COVID-19 survivors.Conclusion Stigma has a significant negative impact on mental health,while resilience plays a mediator role in the relationship between stigma and mental health among COVID-19 survivors.Based on our study,we suggested that when designing psychological interventions for COVID-19 survivors,consideration should be taken into account to reduce stigma and improve resilience.

Ferroelectricity induced by non-symmetry of A-site cations in hexagonal antiferromagnetic In_(1-x)Yb_(x)FeO_(3)(x=0.1,0.2,0.3) perovskites

A new series of multiferroic In_(1-x)Yb_(x)FeO_(3)(x=0.1,0.2,0.3) compounds were prepared using the traditional synthesis method for the first time.Partially substituting In ions in InFeO3with Yb ions results in the weak ferroelectricity of the compound.A dielectric relaxation peak is found at ~500 K in the temperature dependence of the dielectric properties of the resulted compounds.The dielectric constant of In_(0.8)Yb_(0.2)FeO_(3)displays an anomaly at -500 K,and the ferroelectric hysteresis loop reveals its weak ferroelectric behaviors below this temperature.Similarly to InFeO_(3),the compounds crystallize in space group P63/mmc.The increase in the Yb content leads to an increment in a and a reduction in c parameters.The temperature dependence of magnetization for In_(0.8)Yb_(0.2)FeO_(3)gives a Néel temperature of -150 K.The hysteresis loops at 10 and 100 K indicate its weak ferromagnetic characteristics above room temperature.Thus,In_(1-x)Yb_(x)FeO_(3)(x=0.1,0.2,0.3) compounds show both weak ferroelectricity and weak ferromagnetism.The non-symmetry of Yb cations causes the ferroelectricity of the compounds.

Highly lipophilic coumarin fluorophore with excimer-monomer transition property for lipid droplet imaging

Lipid droplet(LD) fluorescent imaging plays an important role in the detection of lipid-related diseases.Due to their poor photostability and low hydrophobicity of currently available LD imaging fluorophores,LD imaging is limited by its short imaging period and low imaging contrast. Herein, we reasonably designed a highly lipophilic compound Cou-Flu with excellent photostability and excimer-monomer transition property. It exhibited weak excimer emission in cytoplasm, but strong monomer emission in LDs,enabling high contrast LD imaging and LD movement tracing in cells. Zebrafish imaging study demonstrated that Cou-Flu was also suitable for in vivo LD detection with excellent sensitivity. We anticipate that Cou-Flu could be widely applied to understand LD-related intracellular activities and even LD-related diseases in the future.

基于时变阻尼运动的社交网络信息传播动力学分析

针对目前社交网络上信息传播动力学的研究成果中,未能从社会物理学层面揭示微观个体上的随机性和无序性与宏观群体上的可知性和可控性之间的关系问题,本文提出了一种基于时变阻尼运动的信息传播动力学模型(time-varying damped motion,TVDM).首先,深入分析社交网络中信息传播现象,从时间、空间、主体(行为人)、客体(信息)4个维度提取关键特征;然后,从带阻尼的简谐运动视角、内外力系合力作用视角、信息能量转化视角、时变系统与信号变换视角,揭示了社交网络上信息传播的物理学本质规则和作用机制;最后,通过数值模拟实验验证了网络上个体行为服从统计规律性.实验结果表明:提出的时变阻尼运动信息传播动力学模型精度为91%,构建的社交网络信息传播动力学模型TVDM是合理有效的.

基于MEA的CO_2相变化吸收剂的开发

化学吸收法是碳捕集技术中最为成熟的技术之一,单乙醇胺(MEA)是最常用的化学吸收剂.然而由于MEA的解吸能耗较高,造成CO_2捕集成本居高不下.本文提出了一种利用盐析效应开发新型CO_2相变化吸收剂的方法,并开发了吸收剂组成为"MEA+叔丁醇+水"的新型CO_2相变化吸收剂.实验考察了不同配比下吸收剂的分相情况、循环负载量以及吸收剂的物理性质,并用气相容积法测定了40℃、0～0.5 MPa下,CO_2在相变化吸收剂中的溶解度.研究表明,MEA/叔丁醇相变化吸收剂的循环负载量最高为2.84 mol CO_2/kg,相比于30%MEA水溶液提高了40%,进入解吸塔的吸收剂体积降低了65%,有望大幅降低CO_2捕集能耗.