Effective separation of coal gasification fine slag: Role of classification and ultrasonication in enhancing flotation

Effective separation of residual carbon and ash is the basis for the resource utilization of coal gasification fine slag(CGFS).The conventional flotation process of CGFS has the bottlenecks of low carbon recovery and high collector dosage.In order to address these issues,CGFS sample taken from Shaanxi,China was used as the study object in this paper.A new process of size classification-fine grain ultrasonic pretreatment flotation(SC-FGUF)was proposed and its separation effect was compared with that of wholegrain flotation(WGF)as well as size classification-fine grain flotation(SC-FGF).The mechanism of its enhanced separation effect was revealed through flotation kinetic fitting,flotation flow foam layer stability,particle size composition,surface morphology,pore structure,and surface chemical property analysis.The results showed that compared with WGF,pre-classification could reduce the collector dosage by 84.09%and the combination of pre-classification and ultrasonic pretreatment could increase the combustible recovery by 17.29%and up to 93.46%.The SC-FGUF process allows the ineffective adsorption of coarse residual carbon to collector during flotation stage to be reduced by pre-classification,and the tightly embedded state of fine CGFS particles is disrupted and surface oxidizing functional group occupancy was reduced by ultrasonic pretreatment,thus carbon and ash is easier to be separated in the flotation process.In addition,some of the residual carbon particles were broken down to smaller sizes in the ultrasonic pretreatment,which led to an increase in the stability of flotation flow foam layer and a decrease in the probability of detachment of residual carbon particles from the bubbles.Therefore,SCFGUF could increase the residual carbon recovery and reduce the flotation collector dosage,which is an innovative method for carbon-ash separation of CGFS with good application prospect.

Solid-state synthesis and ion transport characteristics of the β-KSbF_(4) for all-solid-state fluoride-ion batteries

All-solid-state fluoride ion batteries(FIBs)have been recently considered as a post-lithium-ion battery system due to their high safety and high energy density.Just like all solid-state lithium batteries,the key to the development of FIBs lies in room-temperature electrolytes with high ionic conductivity.β-KSbF_(4) is a kind of promising solid-state electrolyte for FIBs owing to its rational ionic conductivity and relatively wide electrochemical stability window at room temperature.However,the previous synthesis routes ofβ-KSbF_(4) required the use of highly toxic hydrofluoric acid and the ionic conductivity of as-prepared product needs to be further improved.Herein,the β-KSbF_(4) sample with an ionic conductivity of 1.04×10^(-4)s cm^(-1)(30°C)is synthesized through the simple solid-state route.In order to account for the high ionic conductivity of the as-synthesizedβ-KSbF_(4),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS)are used to characterize the physic-ochemical properties.The results show that the as-synthesizedβ-KSbF_(4) exhibits higher carrier concentra-tion of 1.0×10^(-6)S cm-Hz^(-1)K and hopping frequency of 1.31×10^(6)Hz at 30°C due to the formation of the fluorine vacancies.Meanwhile,the hopping frequency shows the same trend as the changes of ionic conductivity with the changes of temperature,while the carrier concentration is found to be almost con-stant.The two different trends indicate the hopping frequency is mainly responsible for the ionic conduc-tion behavior withinβ-KSbF_(4).Furthermore,the all-solid-state FIBs,in which Ag and Pb+PbF_(2) are adopted as cathode and anode,andβ-KSbF_(4) as fluoride ion conductor,are capable of reversible charge and discharge.The assembled FIBs show a discharge capacity of 108.4 mA h g^(-1) at 1st cycle and 74.2 mA h g^(-1) at 50th cycle.Based on an examination of the capacity decay mechanism,it has been found that deterioration of the electrolyte/electrode interface is an important reason for hindering the commer-cial application of FIBs.Hence,the in-depth comprehension of the ion transport characteristics inβ-KSbF_(4) and the interpretation of the capacity fading mechanism will be conducive to promoting development of high-performanceFIBs.

Swelling and instability of a gel annulus

We study the swelling of a gel annulus attached to a rigid core when it is immersed in a solvent.For equilibrium states,the free-energy function of the gel can be converted into a strain energy function,and as a result the gel can be treated as a compressible hyperelastic material.Asymptotic methods are used to study the inhomogeneous swelling in order to obtain the leading-order solution.Some analytical insights are then deduced.Because of the compressive hoop stress in this state,at some stage instability can occur,leading to wrinkles in the gel.An incremental deformation theory in nonlinear elasticity is used to conduct a linear bifurcation analysis for understanding such instability.More specifically,the critical loading for the onset of a wrinkled state is obtained.Detailed discussions on the behaviors of various physical quantities in this critical state are given.It is found that the critical mode number,while insensitive to the material parameters,is greatly influenced by the ratio of the inner and outer radii of the gel.Also,an interesting finding is that the critical swelling ratio is an increasing function of this geometrical parameter,which implies that a thin annulus is more likely to be unstable than a thick one.

基于精细积分法和传递矩阵法的变截面压杆临界力

针对变截面压杆临界力提出了一种基于精细积分法和传递矩阵法的组合法。先将压杆离散为若干段,视每段压杆为等截面,采用材料力学理论、平衡原理及矩阵理论,导出了各段压杆的传递矩阵。然后利用相邻段间变形与内力关系,导出了整个变截面压杆的传递矩阵。最后,利用整个压杆两端约束条件,得到了求解变截面压杆临界力的特征方程。结果表明:本方法是一种易于编程、精度易于控制,也易于使用的方法。

Penehyclidine hydrochloride attenuates cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage

A new cholinergic antagonist, penehyclidine hydrochloride （PHC）, was developed independently by Chinese scientists. Administration of PHC into muscle and the cisterna magna could relieve basilar artery vasospasm following subarachnoJd hemorrhage in animals. In addition, injecting PHC into the cisterna magna had better therapeutic effect. Moreover, PHC had the capability of reducing the expression of neuron specific enolase and S-1OOI3 protein in cerebrospinal fluid. There was no effect on the number of surviving neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region, or on the levels of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde.

Flow characteristics simulation of spiral coil reactor used in the thermochemical energy storage system

According to environmental and energy issues,renewable energy has been vigorously promoted.Now solar power is widely used in many areas but it is limited by the weather conditions and cannot work continuously.Heat storage is a considerable solution for this problem and thermochemical energy storage is the most promising way because of its great energy density and stability.However,this technology is not mature enough to be applied to the industry.The reactor is an important component in the thermochemical energy storage system where the charging and discharging process happens.In this paper,a spiral coil is proposed and used as a reactor in the thermochemical energy storage system.The advantages of the spiral coil include simple structure,small volume,and so on.To investigate the flow characteristics,the simulation was carried out based on energy-minimization multi-scale model(EMMS)and Eulerian two-phase model.CaCO_(3) particles were chosen as the reactants.Particle distribution was shown in the results.The gas initial velocity was set to 2 m·s^(-1),3 m·s^(-1),and 4 m·s^(-1).When the particles flowed in the coil,gravity,centrifugal force and drag force influenced their flow.With the Reynold numbers increasing,centrifugal and drag force got larger.Accumulation phenomenon existed in the coil and results showed with the gas velocity increasing,accumulation moved from the bottom to the outer wall of the coil.Besides,the accumulation phenomenon was stabilized whenφ>720°.Also due to the centrifugal force,a secondary flow formed,which means solid particles moved from the inside wall to the outside wall.This secondary flow could promote turbulence and mixing of particles and gas.In addition,when the particle volume fraction is reduced from 0.2 to 0.1,the accumulation at the bottom of the coil decreases,and the unevenness of the velocity distribution becomes larger.

Risk Assessment and Zoning of Winter Wheat Drought in Anhui Province

[Objective]The study aimed to assess and zone the drought risk of winter wheat in Anhui Province. [Method] The zoning factors were chosen from three aspects of disaster-causing factors,disaster-bearing bodies and environment conducive to drought,and then their data were standardized,rasterized and graded. Using analytic hierarchy process（ AHP）,we determined the weight of each index at various levels and then established the assessment models of drought intensity,sensitivity,vulnerability and resistance of winter wheat in the whole growth period and at heading and filling stage. Finally,the zoning map of drought risk for winter wheat in Anhui Province was obtained using the farmland data mask of Anhui Province. [Result]The drought risk of winter wheat in Anhui Province in the whole growth period and at heading and filling stage was divided into six grades,which reflected the distribution characteristics and regional difference of drought risk for winter wheat in Anhui Province. Drought risk was the maximum in the main producing areas of winter wheat in the north of Huaihe River,followed by the area along Huaihe River and the area between Yangtze River and Huaihe River,while the drought risk of winter wheat was very low in the south of Anhui Province. The drought risk of winter wheat was markedly affected by the sensitivity to drought,vulnerability and the drought resistance of winter wheat. [Conclusion] The research could provide scientific references for rational distribution of winter wheat and establishment of strategies for disaster prevention and mitigation.

Application Status and Prospect of Bio-artificial Liver

Liver failure which can be caused by viral hepatitis,alcohol,drugs,metabolic diseases,autoimmune processes or other fac tors is the end stage of chronic liver disease.Although liver transplantation is currently considered to be the primary treatment measures of chronic liver disease.Due to donor shortages,surgical complications and immune rejection,cell therapy has been extensively studied.?Hepa tocyte transplantation and artificial liver have evolved into a simpler alternative to liver failure treatment.Artificial liver can be used as Liver replacement therapy in patients who were waiting for the liver transplantation with chronic liver disease.The ideal biological artificial liver must have the liver material metabolism,detoxification,synthesis and secretion and other functions.Nowadays bio-artificial liver has carried out a large number of clinical trials and get some progress.?This article is now discuss the status of bio-artificial liver and its re placement therapy prospects.

Treatment of Sepsis by Hemofiltration Combined with Plasma Exchange in One Case

Female patients,44 years old,due to'regular peritoneal dialysis5 years,stomach ache 1 week'admission.Previous had 2 times for'Peritoneal dialysis related peritonitis'in hospital,after anti-infection treatment patients symptoms improved and discharged.1 week ago in patients admitted to hospital because of abdominal pain again.Physical:abdominal tenderness,bowel sounds hyperthyroidism.Laboratory inspection index:CRP:172.22 mg/l,WBC:23.26×10~9/L,NEU%:89.23%,D dimer:3 800 ng/ml,PCT:14.86 ng/ml。

Functional Composite Materials with Ordered Micro-Structure

Colloidal crystal is an ordered array of monodis-persed colloidal submicrospheres,analogous to astandard crystal whose repeating units are atoms ormolecules.A natural example of colloidal crystalcan be found in the gem opal.The ideal opal struc-ture is a periodic close-packed three-dimensionalarray of silica microspheres.There are some exam-

Hexamerin and allergen are required for female reproduction in the American cockroach,Periplaneta americana

Reproduction is of great importance for the continuation of the species.In insects,the fat body is the major tissue for nutrient storage and involved in vitellogenesis,which is essential for female reproduction.Here,2 proteins,hexamerin and allergen,were separated from the fat bodies of adult female American cockroaches(Periplaneta americana)and identified as storage proteins,encoding for 733 amino acids with molecular weight of 87.88 kDa and 686 amino acids with molecular weight of 82.18 kDa,respectively.The encoding genes of these 2 storage proteins are mainly expressed in the fat body.RNA interference-mediated knockdown of Hexamerin and Allergen in the early stage of the first reproductive cycle in females suppressed vitellogenesis and ovarian maturation,indicating that these storage proteins are involved in controlling reproduction.Importantly,the expression of Hexamerin and Allergen was repressed by knockdown of the juvenile hormone(JH)receptor gene Met and the primary response gene Kr-h1,and was induced by methoprene,a JH analog,in both in vivo and in vitro experiments.Altogether,we have determined that hexamerin and allergen are identified as storage proteins and play an important role in promoting female reproduction in the American cockroach.The expression of their encoding genes is induced by JH signaling.Our data reveal a novel mechanism by which hexamerin and allergen are necessary for JH-stimulated female reproduction.

Lightweight foam-like nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube complex achieving highly efficient electromagnetic wave absorption

With the increased electromagnetic wave(EMW)threat to military and human health,the develop-ment of EMW-absorbing materials is crucial.Metal-organic framework derivatives containing magnetic nanoparticles and a carbon matrix are potential candidates for designing efficient EMW-absorbing mate-rials.Herein,a zeolitic imidazolate framework-67(ZIF-67)-embedded three-dimensional melamine foam is pyrolyzed to afford carbon foam-based nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube composites,named 3D foam-like CoO/Co/N-CNTs.Magnetic CoO/Co particles are confined in the dielectric carbon nanotube skeleton.The carbon nanotubes provide considerable conductive loss,while CoO/Co magnetic particles are con-ducive to providing magnetic loss and adjusting impedance matching.Moreover,the numerous defect structures introduced by heteroatomic doping(nitrogen)cause dipole polarization and simultaneously adjust impedance matching.Meanwhile,the unique porous nanotube structure promotes multiple re-flections and scattering of EMWs,further optimizing impedance matching.CoO/Co/N-CNTs composites exhibit a minimum reflection loss of−52.3 dB at a matching thickness of 2.0 mm,while the correspond-ing effective absorption bandwidth is 5.28 GHz at a matching thickness of 2.2 mm.This study reports a novel approach to fabricating a lightweight high-performance EMW-absorbing material.

Cynaroside regulates the AMPK/SIRT3/Nrf2 pathway to inhibit doxorubicin-induced cardiomyocyte pyroptosis

Doxorubicin(DOX)is a commonly administered chemotherapy drug for treating hematological malignancies and solid tumors;however,its clinical application is limited by significant cardiotoxicity.Cynaroside(Cyn)is a flavonoid glycoside distributed in honeysuckle,with confirmed potential biological functions in regulating inflammation,pyroptosis,and oxidative stress.Herein,the effects of Cyn were evaluated in a DOX-induced cardiotoxicity(DIC)mouse model,which was established by intraperitoneal injections of DOX(5 mg/kg)once a week for three weeks.The mice in the treatment group received dexrazoxane,MCC950,and Cyn every two days.Blood biochemistry,histopathology,immunohistochemistry,reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR),and western blotting were conducted to investigate the cardioprotective effects and potential mechanisms of Cyn treatment.The results demonstrated the significant benefits of Cyn treatment in mitigating DIC;it could effectively alleviate oxidative stress to a certain extent,maintain the equilibrium of cell apoptosis,and enhance the cardiac function of mice.These effects were realized via regulating the transcription levels of pyroptosis-related genes,such as nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3),caspase-1,and gasdermin D(GSDMD).Mechanistically,for DOX-induced myocardial injury,Cyn could significantly modulate the expression of pivotal genes,including adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγcoactivator-1α(PGC-1α),sirtuin 3(SIRT3),and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2).We attribute it to the mediation of AMPK/SIRT3/Nrf2 pathway,which plays a central role in preventing DOX-induced cardiomyocyte injury.In conclusion,the present study confirms the therapeutic potential of Cyn in DIC by regulating the AMPK/SIRT3/Nrf2 pathway.

Intermetallic CuAu nanoalloy for stable electrochemical CO_(2) reduction

Copper is one of the most efficient catalysts widely investigated in electrochemical CO_(2) reduction, however, the further development of copper-based catalysts is constrained by severe stability problems. In this work, we developed a method for the synthesis of highly ordered Cu Au intermetallic nanoalloys(o-CuAu) under mild conditions(< 250℃), which can convert carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide with high selectivity and can operate stably for 160 h without current decay. The improved stability is believed to be due to the increased mixing enthalpy and stronger atomic interactions between Cu and Au atoms in the intermetallic nanoalloy. In addition, XPS results, Tafel slope and in situ IR spectroscopy demonstrate that high valence gold atoms on o-CuAu surface promote the reduction of CO_(2). In contrast, the disordered CuAu nanoalloy(d-CuAu) underwent atomic rearrangement to form a Cu-rich structure on the surface, leading to reduced stability. These findings may provide insight into the rational design of stable CO_(2) RR electrocatalysts through proper structural engineering.

Human hair follicle-derived mesenchymal stem cells promote tendon repair in a rabbit Achilles tendinopathy model

Background:Hair follicles are easily accessible and contain stem cells with different developmental origins,including mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs),that consequently reveal the potential of human hair follicle(hHF)-derived MSCs in repair and regeneration.However,the role of hHF-MSCs in Achilles tendinopathy(AT)remains unclear.The present study investigated the effects of hHF-MSCs on Achilles tendon repair in rabbits.Methods:First,we extracted and characterized hHF-MSCs.Then,a rabbit tendinopathy model was constructed to analyze the ability of hHF-MSCs to promote repair in vivo.Anatomical observation and pathological and biomechanical analyses were performed to determine the effect of hHF-MSCs on AT,and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and immunohistochemical staining were performed to explore the molecular mechanisms through which hHF-MSCs affects AT.Furthermore,statistical analyses were performed using independent sample t test,one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA),and one-way repeated measures multivariate ANOVA as appropriate.Results:Flow cytometry,a trilineage-induced differentiation test,confirmed that hHF-derived stem cells were derived from MSCs.The effect of hHF-MSCs on AT revealed that the Achilles tendon was anatomically healthy,as well as the maximum load carried by the Achilles tendon and hydroxyproline proteomic levels were increased.Moreover,collagen I and III were upregulated in rabbit AT treated with hHF-MSCs(compared with AT group;P<0.05).Analysis of the molecular mechanisms revealed that hHF-MSCs promoted collagen fiber regeneration,possibly through Tenascin-C(TNC)upregulation and matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-9 downregulation.Conclusions:hHF-MSCs can be a treatment modality to promote AT repair in rabbits by upregulating collagen I and III.Further analysis revealed that treatment of AT using hHF-MSCs promoted the regeneration of collagen fiber,possibly because of upregulation of TNC and downregulation of MMP-9,thus suggesting that hHF-MSCs are more promising for AT.

A cell marker-based clustering strategy(cmCluster)for precise cell type identification of scRNA-seq data

Background:The precise and efficient analysis of single-cell transcriptome data provides powerful support for studying the diversity of cell functions at the single-cell level.The most important and challenging steps are cell clustering and recognition of cell populations.While the precision of clustering and annotation are considered separately in most current studies,it is worth attempting to develop an extensive and flexible strategy to balance clustering accuracy and biological explanation comprehensively.Methods:The cell marker-based clustering strategy(cmCluster),which is a modified Louvain clustering method,aims to search the optimal clusters through genetic algorithm(GA)and grid search based on the cell type annotation results.Results:By applying cmCluster on a set of single-cell transcriptome data,the results showed that it was beneficial for the recognition of cell populations and explanation of biological function even on the occasion of incomplete cell type information or multiple data resources.In addition,cmCluster also produced clear boundaries and appropriate subtypes with potential marker genes.The relevant code is available in GitHub website(huangyuwei301/cmCluster).Conclusions:We speculate that cmCluster provides researchers effective screening strategies to improve the accuracy of subsequent biological analysis,reduce artificial bias,and facilitate the comparison and analysis of multiple studies.

3D printing of Mg-substituted wollastonite reinforcing diopside porous bioceramics with enhanced mechanical and biological performances

Mechanical strength and its long-term stability of bioceramic scaffolds is still a problem to treat the osteonecrosis of the femoral head.Considering the long-term stability of diopside(DIO)ceramic but poor mechanical strength,we developed the DIO-based porous bioceramic composites via dilute magnesium substituted wollastonite reinforcing and three-dimensional(3D)printing.The experimental results showed that the secondary phase(i.e.10%magnesium substituting calcium silicate;CSM10)could readily improve the sintering property of the bioceramic composites(DIO/CSM10-x,x=0-30)with increasing the CSM10 content from 0%to 30%,and the presence of the CSM10 also improved the biomimetic apatite mineralization ability in the pore struts of the scaffolds.Furthermore,the flexible strength(12.5 -30 MPa)and compressive strength(14-37 MPa)of the 3D printed porous bioceramics remarkably increased with increasing CSM10 content,and the compressive strength of DIO/CSM10-30 showed a limited decay(from 37 MPa to 29 MPa)in the Tris buffer solution for a long time stage(8 weeks).These findings suggest that the new CSM10-reinforced diopside porous constructs possess excellent mechanical properties and can potentially be used to the clinic,especially for the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head work as a bioceramic rod.

Apoptosis-inducing activity of synthetic hydrocarbon-stapled peptides in H358 cancer cells expressing KRAS^(G12C)

Lung cancers are the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide and pose a grave threat to human life and health.Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most frequent malignancy occupying80%of all lung cancer subtypes.Except for other mutations (e.g.,KRAS^(G12V/D)) that are also vital for the occurrence,KRAS^(G12C) gene mutation is a significant driving force of NSCLC,with a prevalence of approximately 14% of all NSCLC patients.However,there are only a few therapeutic drugs targeting KRAS^(G12C) mutations currently.Here,we synthesized hydrocarbon-stapled peptide 3 that was much shorter and more stable with modest KRAS^(G12C) binding affinity and the same anti-tumor effect based on the a-helical peptide mimic SAH-SOS1_(A).The stapled peptide 3 effectively induced G2/M arrest and apoptosis,inhibiting cell growth in KRAS-mutated lung cancer cells via disrupting the KRASmediated RAF/MEK/ERK signaling,which was verified from the perspective of genomics and proteomics.Peptide 3 also exhibited strong anti-trypsin and anti-chymotrypsin abilities,as well as good plasma stability and human liver microsomal metabolic stability.Overall,peptide 3 retains the equivalent anti-tumor activity of SAH-SOS1_(A) but with improved stability and affinity,superior to SAH-SOS1_(A).Our work offers a structural optimization approach of KRAS^(G12C) peptide inhibitors for cancer therapy.

Nanoporous tin oxides for efficient electrochemical CO_(2) reduction to formate

CO_(2)electroreduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)has been considered as an effective technology to close the anthropogenic carbon cycle.Formate,a product of two-electron transfer in CO_(2)RR,is an economically valuable feedstock.In this work,nanoporous tin oxides were controllable synthesized by a facile and scalable electrochemical anodic oxidation method.XPS result indicated that the increased Sn 4þspecies after anodic oxidation were beneficial to reduce the overpotential of formate formation.Operando Raman spectra revealed that the enhanced formate selectivity could be attributed to the high local pH within the porous structure,which suppresses hydrogen evolution reaction(competing reaction against CO_(2)RR).Further flow cell test showed a formate partial current density of 285 mA cm^(-2)with the selectivity of 96.4%,indicating a promising industrial application prospect.

Hierarchical ultrastructure:An overview of what is known about tendons and future perspective for tendon engineering

Abnormal tendons are rarely ever repaired to the natural structure and morphology of normal tendons.To better guide the repair and regeneration of injured tendons through a tissue engineering method,it is necessary to have insights into the internal morphology,organization,and composition of natural tendons.This review summarized recent researches on the structure and function of the extracellular matrix(ECM)components of tendons and highlight the application of multiple detection methodologies concerning the structure of ECMs.In addition,we look forward to the future of multi-dimensional biomaterial design methods and the potential of structural repair for tendon ECM components.In addition,focus is placed on the macro to micro detection methods for tendons,and current techniques for evaluating the extracellular matrix of tendons at the micro level are introduced in detail.Finally,emphasis is given to future extracellular matrix detection methods,as well as to how future efforts could concentrate on fabricating the biomimetic tendons.