Is sentinel lymph node biopsy necessary for the patients diagnosed with breast ductal carcinoma in situ using core needle biopsy or vacuum-assisted biopsy as the initial diagnostic method？

Axillary lymph node status is one of the most important prognostic indicator of survival for breast cancer, especially in ductal carcinoma in situ （DCIS）. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether sentinel lymph node biopsy （SLNB） should be performed in patients with an initial diagnosis of DCIS. Methods： A retrospective study was performed of 124 patients with an initial diagnosis of DCIS between March 2000 and June 2014. The patients were treated with either SLNB or axillary node dissection during the surgery, and we compared the clinicopathologic characteristics, image features, and immunohistochemical results. Results： Eighty-two patients （66.1%） had pure DCIS and 25 （20.2%） had DCIS with microinvasion （DCISM）, 17 （13.7%） updated to invasive breast cancer （IBC）. 115 patients （92.7%） underwent SLNB, among them, 70 patients （56.5%） underwent axillary node dissection. 3 of 115 patients （2.6%） had a positive sentinel lymph node, only 1 （1.4%） of 70 patients had axillary lymph node metastasis, in 84 patients （66.7%） who were diagnosed DCIS by core needle biopsy （CNB） and vacuum-assisted biopsy （VAB）. 26 patients （31.0%） were upstaged into IBC or DCISM in the final histological diagnosis. The statistically significant factors predictive of underestimation were large tumor size, microcalcifications, comedo necrosis, positive Her-2 status, negative estrogen receptor status. Conclusion： The metastasis of sentinel lymph nodes in pure DCIS is very low, but the underestimation of invasive carcinoma in patients with an initial diagnosis of DCIS is an usual incident, especially in the cases when DCIS is diagnosed by CNB or VAB. Our findings suggest patients presenting with a preoperative diagnosis of DCIS associated with large tumor sizes, microcalcifications, comedo necrosis, positive Her-2 status, negative ER status are more likely to be DCISM and IBC in final diagnosis. SLNB should be performed in this part of patients.

Study of the spectrum effect on the threshold of resonant magnetic perturbation penetration on J-TEXT

The spectrum effect on the penetration of resonant magnetic perturbation(RMP) is studied with upgraded in-vessel RMP coils on J-TEXT.The poloidal spectrum of the RMP field,especially the amplitudes of 2/1 and 3/1 components,can be varied by the phase difference between the upper and lower coil rows,ΔΦ=Φ_(top)-Φ_(bottom),where Φ_(top)and Φ_(bottom)are the toroidal phases of the n=1 field of each coil row.The type of RMP penetration is found to be related to ΔΦ,including the RMP penetration of either 2/1 or 3/1 RMP and the successive penetrations of 3/1 RMP followed by the 2/1 RMP.For cases with penetration of only one RMP component,the penetration thresholds measured by the corresponding resonant component are close for variousΔΦ.However,the 2/1 RMP penetration threshold is significantly reduced if the 3/1 locked island is formed in advance.The changes in the rotation profile due to 3/1 locked island formation could partially contribute to the reduction of the 2/1 thresholds.

Effect of edge magnetic island on carbon screening in the J-TEXT tokamak

The effect of externally applied resonant magnetic perturbation(RMP)on carbon impurity behavior is investigated in the J-TEXT tokamak.It is found that the m/n=3/1 islands have an impurity screening effect,which becomes obvious while the edge magnetic island is generated via RMP field penetration.The impurity screening effect shows a dependence on the RMP phase with the field penetration,which is strongest if the O point of the magnetic island is near the low-field-side(LFS)limiter plate.By combining a methane injection experimental study and STRAHL impurity transport analysis,we found that the variation of the impurity transport dominates the impurity screening effect.The impurity diffusion at the inner plasma region(r/a<0.8)is enhanced with a significant increase in outward convection velocity at the edge region in the case of the magnetic island’s O point near the LFS limiter plate.The impurity transport coefficient varies by a much lower level for the case with the magnetic island’s X point near the LFS limiter plate.The interaction of the magnetic island and the LFS limiter plate is thought to contribute to the impurity transport variation with the dependence on the RMP phase.A possible reason is the interaction between the magnetic island and the LFS limiter.

Field Investigation and Comparison Analysis of Low-Grade Heat Pump Technologies in Building Space Heating Projects

The building sector contributes a large ratio of final energy consumption,and improving building energy efficiency is expected to play a significant role in mitigating its carbon dioxide emission.Herein,we collected the on-site measurement data to investigate the techno-economic performances of different heat pump types that exist in building space heating projects in Qingdao,China.An in-depth analysis revealed the temperature variations of measured low-grade heat sources over the whole heating supply period,and urban sewage water shows high stable heat energy quality compared with seawater and geothermal heat resources.Operational behaviors including cycling inlet and outlet temperature of the selected heat pumps were illustrated,and analysis evaluated detailed effects of operational parameters on energy efficiency performances.Then the relationship between COPs distributions of heat pumps and operational conditions was examined further,and the positive effect of the rising temperature of heat sources on energy efficiency improvement of heat pump is highlighted when the heating supply temperature is higher.Furthermore,we analyzed the economic and carbon emission performance of the heat pump system,and results show that electricity price plays a vital role in the lifespan energy cost saving potential,and the heat pump could serve as a promising approach in reducing CO_(2) related to the building space heating.Finally,we recommended suggestions for improving the overall energy efficiency and cost competitiveness of decentralized heat pump systems for building space heating.

Sublethal Irradiation Promotes Migration and Invasiveness of Prostate Cancer PC-3 Cells:Implications for Radiotherapy of Human Prostate Cancer

OBJECTIVE To study the changes in the matrix metalloproteinases-2 and 9 （MMP2, MMP9） induced by ^60Co γ-ray external irradiation of human prostate cancer PC-3 cells. METHODS Human prostate cancer PC-3 cells were irradiated with different doses of ^60Co γ-rays. Cell migration and invasiveness were evaluated and the expression of MMP2, and MMP9 was investigated by RT-PCR, Western blotting and flow cytometry（FCM）. RESULTS Irradiation enchances invasive protential at the doses of 1,3 and 5 Gy,whereas it significantly inhibits cell migration. CONCLUSION The different doses of ^60Co γ-ray external irradiation for prostate cancer may have different effects through the changes of MMP2, and MMP9 expression.

Using Least Squares Support Vector Machines for Frequency Estimation

Frequency estimation is transformed to a pattern recognition problem, and a least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) estimator is derived. The estimator can work efficiently without the need of statistics knowledge of the observations, and the estimation performance is insensitive to the carrier phase. Simulation results are presented showing that proposed estimators offer better performance than traditional Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimator at low SNR, since classification-based method does not have the threshold effect of nonlinear estimation.

Fusarium-produced vitamin B6 promotes the evasion of soybean resistance by Phytophthora sojae

Plants can be infected by multiple pathogens concurrently in natural systems. However,pathogen–pathogen interactions have rarely been studied. In addition to the oomycete Phytophthora sojae, fungi such as Fusarium spp. also cause soybean root rot. In a 3-year field investigation, we discovered that P. sojae and Fusarium spp. frequently coexisted in diseased soybean roots. Out of 336 P. sojae–soybean–Fusarium combinations,more than 80% aggravated disease. Different Fusarium species all enhanced P. sojae infection when co-inoculated on soybean. Treatment with Fusarium secreted non-proteinaceous metabolites had an effect equal to the direct pathogen coinoculation. By screening a Fusarium graminearum mutant library, we identified Fusarium promoting factor of Phytophthora sojae infection 1(Fpp1),encoding a zinc alcohol dehydrogenase. Fpp1 is functionally conserved in Fusarium and contributes to metabolite-mediated infection promotion, in which vitamin B6(VB6) produced by Fusarium is key. Transcriptional and functional analyses revealed that Fpp1 regulates two VB6 metabolism genes, and VB6 suppresses expression of soybean disease resistance-related genes. These results reveal that co-infection with Fusarium promotes loss of P. sojae resistance in soybean, information that will inform the sustainable use of diseaseresistant crop varieties and provide new strategies to control soybean root rot.

Direct laser writing breaking diffraction barrier based on two-focus parallel peripheral photoinhibition lithography(Erratum)

In section 3.2,a reference(Ref.33)was missing in the first sentence.It was already listed in the References list and correctly cited in another portion of the text.Section 3.2,the second sentence incorrectly referred to the"pattern in Fig.2";the pattern was specific to Fig.S6 in the Supplemental Material.

Study on the challenge and influence of the built thermal environment on elderly health in rural areas:Evidence from Shandong,China

Elderly health is increasingly recognized as a worldwide challenge with the continuous social aging trend.This study aimed to investigate the thermal conditions of the elderly in rural areas of Shandong,China.The thermal sensation and physiological response performances of elderly participants were examined in their own houses.Results show a clear seasonal pattern in cardiovascular disease mortality,cold stress increases the cardiovascular disease risk.The coal-based stoves serve as the main source of home heating and their limited coverage of the room area gave rise to poor quality of thermal comfort.The analysis of skin temperature for those under 65 and above did not reveal any significant difference in response to different indoor temperatures.The regression results confirm that a colder home leads to a rising value of the elderly’s systolic blood pressure,rising by more than 1 mmHg for every 1℃decrease in indoor temperature and thus posing a greater risk of cardiovascular diseases.The systolic blood pressure value of older subjects rise more when they are exposed to decreasing indoor temperatures,possibly due to an age-related decline in their ability to maintain stability of blood pressure.It is noteworthy that the average blood velocity of older subjects reduces less in response to decreasing indoor temperatures,indicating a weakened capacity to resist cold stress and its associated high risk of hypertension.This investigation provides evidence in favor of improving the thermal environment of the elderly and reducing their risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Polygonal finite element-based content-aware image warping

Mesh-based image warping techniques typically represent image deformation using linear functions on triangular meshes or bilinear functions on rectangular meshes.This enables simple and efficient implementation,but in turn,restricts the representation capability of the deformation,often leading to unsatisfactory warping results.We present a novel,flexible polygonal finite element(poly-FEM)method for content-aware image warping.Image deformation is represented by high-order poly-FEMs on a content-aware polygonal mesh with a cell distribution adapted to saliency information in the source image.This allows highly adaptive meshes and smoother warping with fewer degrees of freedom,thus significantly extending the flexibility and capability of the warping representation.Benefiting from the continuous formulation of image deformation,our polyFEM warping method is able to compute the optimal image deformation by minimizing existing or even newly designed warping energies consisting of penalty terms for specific transformations.We demonstrate the versatility of the proposed poly-FEM warping method in representing different deformations and its superiority by comparing it to other existing state-ofthe-art methods.

Modeling and management performances of distributed energy resource for demand flexibility in Japanese zero energy house

Zero-energy buildings(ZEBs)can contribute to decarbonizing building energy systems,while the energy mismatch between energy demand and on-site stochastic generation in ZEBs increases the need for energy flexibility.This study proposed mixed-integer linear programming energy management schemes for optimizing the flexible scheduling of distributed energy resources,including battery energy storage,heat pump,and building thermal mass as a passive thermal energy storage system.With optimally designed objectives,this study used case studies to evaluate the flexibility potential provided by the demand-side management,considering dynamic characteristics of the process.The results showed that the proposed demand-side management for battery storage offers significant potential in increasing photovoltaic(PV)self-consumption and reducing operational costs.Cost reduction ratios of flexible dispatch of combined PV and battery storage systems exceed 15%.Flexible coupling of PV and heat pump systems for meeting hot water demand can reduce energy cost by more than 20%.The flexible coupling of the heat pump and PV system also had a significant impact on the power consumption pattern of domestic heat pumps,the load-shifting potential highly depends on the available PV generation and hot water demand.The optimal trade-off between thermal energy use and thermal comfort violation may not reduce the total energy used for space heating,the increased PV consumption helped reduce grid imports.The study provides insights into the energy flexibility behavior and efficiency of the proposed demand-side management for ZEBs,which is expected to provide guidelines for exploring demand-side flexibility.

Enabling Reaction Selectivity of Platinum Catalysts by Photoinduced Electronic Effects

Reaction selectivity is crucial to producing target molecules of importance with minimum waste.This work reports an efficient and green strategy to improve reaction selectivity in visible-light-mediated chemical transformations by employing Pt/SiOx photocatalysts,which is ascribed to light-induced surface electronic modification in the small Pt nanocrystals.This strategy has been successfully applied to synthesize commercially valuable but thermodynamically unfavorable arylhydroxylamines with high selectivity via partial hydrogenation of the respective nitroarenes.Surface modification of the small Pt nanocrystals with triethanolamine(TEA)molecules further optimizes the Pt electronic structure to favor the reaction selectivity.The light-induced surface electronic structure alterations and the TEA chemical modification act synergistically to prevent the readsorption of desorbed electron-rich arylhydroxylamines.This prevents the complete hydrogenation of arylhydroxylamines to respective anilines,leading to high arylhydroxylamine selectivity of 81−91%.In addition,photoillumination of Pt nanocrystals always accelerates the reaction kinetics significantly regardless of their surface modification.

通货膨胀风险下关于累积阶段的固定缴费养老金的均值-方差问题

本文研究了在通货膨胀环境下关于累积阶段的固定缴费(de?ned contribution, DC)养老金的一个均值-方差问题.一般来说, DC养老金的管理周期比较长,所以,本文考虑了养老金的实际财富过程,而非名义财富过程,并且假设价格指数的动态过程包含一个跳-扩散过程.通过投资金融市场上的三种产品(无风险银行账户、通胀指数债券和风险资产),该DC养老金最优管理的目标是在给定期望的前提下最小化终端时间的方差.风险资产同样包含一个跳-扩散过程.通过解相关的Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB)方程,本文得到了最优的投资策略以及相关的有效前沿的显式表达.

Direct laser writing breaking diffraction barrier based on two-focus parallel peripheralphotoinhibition lithography

Direct laser writing(DLW)enables arbitrary three-dimensional nanofabrication.However,the diffraction limit poses a major obstacle for realizing nanometer-scale features.Furthermore,it is challenging to improve the fabrication efficiency using the currently prevalent single-focal-spot systems,which cannot perform high-throughput lithography.To overcome these challenges,a parallel peripheral-photoinhibition lithography system with a sub-40-nm two-dimensional feature size and a sub-20-nm suspended line width was developed in our study,based on two-photon polymerization DLW.The lithography efficiency of the developed system is twice that of conventional systems for both uniform and complex structures.The proposed system facilitates the realization of portable DLW with a higher resolution and throughput.

Magnetic covalent organic framework nanospheres-based miRNA biosensor for sensitive glioma detection

Sensitive detection and accurate diagnosis/prognosis of glioma remain urgent challenges.Herein,dispersed magnetic covalent organic framework nanospheres(MCOF)with uniformed Fe3O4 nano-assembly as cores and high-crystalline COF as shells were prepared by monomer-mediated in-situ interface growth strategy.Based on the unique interaction between MCOF and hairpin DNA,a fluorescent signal amplified miRNA biosensor was constructed.It could realize the sensitive detection of miRNA-182 in different matrixes,where the detection limit,linearity range and determination coefficient(R^(2))in real blood samples reached 20 fM,0.1 pM-10 pM and 0.991,respectively.Also,it possessed good stability and precision as observed from the low intra-day/inter-day RSD and high extraction recovery.As a result,it could quantify miRNA-182 in serum of glioma patients,the concentration of which was significantly higher than that of healthy people and obviously decreased after surgery.Finally,a proof-of-concept capillary chip system using this biosensor was proposed to realize the visualized detection of miRNA-182 in microsample.These findings suggest a robust way for sensitive detection and accurate diagnosis/prognosis of glioma.

Electric field-driven building blocks for introducing multiple gradients to hydrogels

Gradient biomaterials are considered as preferable matrices for tissue engineering due to better simulation of native tissues.The introduction of gradient cues usually needs special equipment and complex process but is only effective to limited biomaterials.Incorporation of multiple gradients in the hydrogels remains challenges.Here,betasheet rich silk nanofibers(BSNF)were used as building blocks to introduce multiple gradients into different hydrogel systems through the joint action of crosslinking and electric field.The blocks migrated to the anode along the electric field and gradually stagnated due to the solution-hydrogel transition of the systems,finally achieving gradient distribution of the blocks in the formed hydrogels.The gradient distribution of the blocks could be tuned easily through changing different factors such as solution viscosity,which resulted in highly tunable gradient of mechanical cues.The blocks were also aligned under the electric field,endowing orientation gradient simultaneously.Different cargos could be loaded on the blocks and form gradient cues through the same crosslinking-electric field strategy.The building blocks could be introduced to various hydrogels such as Gelatin and NIPAM,indicating the universality.Complex niches with multiple gradient cues could be achieved through the strategy.Silk-based hydrogels with suitable mechanical gradients were fabricated to control the osteogenesis and chondrogenesis.Chondrogenic-osteogenic gradient transition was obtained,which stimulated the ectopic osteochondral tissue regeneration in vivo.The versatility and highly controllability of the strategy as well as multifunction of the building blocks reveal the applicability in complex tissue engineering and various interfacial tissues.

Genome-wide 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Profiling Analysis Identifies MAP7D1 as A Novel Regulator of Lymph Node Metastasis in Breast Cancer

Although DNA 5-hydroxymethylcytosine(5 hmC)is recognized as an important epigenetic mark in cancer,its precise role in lymph node metastasis remains elusive.In this study,we investigated how 5 hmC associates with lymph node metastasis in breast cancer.Accompanying with high expression of TET1 and TET2 proteins,large numbers of genes in the metastasis-positive primary tumors exhibit higher 5 hmC levels than those in the metastasis-negative primary tumors.In contrast,the TET protein expression and DNA 5 hmC decrease significantly within the metastatic lesions in the lymph nodes compared to those in their matched primary tumors.Through genomewide analysis of 8 sets of primary tumors,we identified 100 high-confidence metastasis-associated5 hmC signatures,and it is found that increased levels of DNA 5 hmC and gene expression of MAP7 D1 associate with high risk of lymph node metastasis.Furthermore,we demonstrate that MAP7 D1,regulated by TET1,promotes tumor growth and metastasis.In conclusion,the dynamic5 hmC profiles during lymph node metastasis suggest a link between DNA 5 hmC and lymph node metastasis.Meanwhile,the role of MAP7 D1 in breast cancer progression suggests that the metastasis-associated 5 hmC signatures are potential biomarkers to predict the risk for lymph node metastasis,which may serve as diagnostic and therapeutic targets for metastatic breast cancer.

协同创新:社会救助中的政社互动——基于异质资源禀赋的案例分析

政府与社会力量在社会救助领域的协同合作是完善社会救助体系的重要路径。本文基于协同理论,以社会力量参与社会救助为研究对象,对三类协同治理模式进行了综合分析。研究发现,以上海市为代表的依附式协同、温州市为代表的插件式协同、泉州市为代表的独立式协同,之所以取得较好的协同效果,关键在于拥有相同的张力化解机制,具体表现为:地方政府对当地资源禀赋的挖掘和适度干预;社会组织在合法性、独立性和自主性不断增强基础上,善用良性资本,协作性互换。三地在社会救助领域的协同创新,对我国地方政府如何在社会救助中发掘固有治理资源和形塑政社关系具有重要借鉴意义。

白藜芦醇抗人胰腺癌BXPC-3细胞增殖及机制探索

目的探究白藜芦醇抗人胰腺癌BXPC-3细胞增殖及机制.方法采用MTT法评价体外抗人胰腺癌BXPC-3细胞和人正常肝细胞LO2增殖活性,用流式细胞技术检测对BXPC-3细胞周期分布和凋亡的影响;利用紫外光谱、测定CT-DNA粘度等手段研究白藜芦醇与CT-DNA的相互作用;利用分子对接的方法模拟白藜芦醇与CT-DNA相互作用的模式.结果与结论白藜芦醇可与DNA发生相互作用,阻滞BXPC-3细胞的增殖于G0/G1期,诱导BXPC-3细胞凋亡.