Background: There is growing interest in carbohydrate and protein nutrition to enhance the efficiency of animal production.Reduced-crude protein diets depress environmental pollution and feeding cost,but the challenge...Background: There is growing interest in carbohydrate and protein nutrition to enhance the efficiency of animal production.Reduced-crude protein diets depress environmental pollution and feeding cost,but the challenge to their adoption is maintaining digestive function and growth performance of birds.The present study was conducted to evaluate the influence of different dietary starch sources and protein levels on intestinal functionality and mucosal amino acid catabolism.Methods: Six dietary treatments,based on maize and soybean meal,were offered to 360 AA+male chicks from 6 to 35 d post-hatch as a 3 × 2 factorial array.Either waxy rice or amylose was added to a conventional maize-soy diet to provide three sources of starch with different digestion rates and relatively high and low dietary protein levels.Growth performance,parameters of intestinal functionality and concentrations of free amino acid in the portal circulation were determined.Results: In the grower phase,starch source influenced(P < 0.02) weight gain as diets containing amylose supported significantly higher weight gains than waxy rice.Significant increase of ileal ATP concentrations and Na^+/K^+-ATPase activity were found in amylose treatment.Also,amylose decreased BrdU positive cell numbers and down-regulated m RNA expression for CASP-3.GOT activity in the ileum was higher(P < 0.01) in birds offered low protein diets and there was a trend(P = 0.057) for waxy rice as a starch source to increase ileal GOT activities.There was a significant influence on the concentration of seventeen amino acids in the portal circulation with tryptophan the one exception.Waxy rice as a starch source generated 13.6% and 22.4% numerically higher concentrations of non-essential amino acids than maize and amylose,respectively.Conclusions: Amino acid catabolism in the gut mucosa is subject to nutritional regulation.Given that amino acids can be spared from catabolism in the gut mucosa by supplementation of amylose,it follows their post-enteral availability would be improved and intestinal energy would be derived more efficiently from glucose.展开更多
Previous studies have shown that high light intensity can induce anthocyanin synthesis(AS)in petunia plants.To identifywhich kind of light quality plays a role in inducing such metabolic process,and what transcripts p...Previous studies have shown that high light intensity can induce anthocyanin synthesis(AS)in petunia plants.To identifywhich kind of light quality plays a role in inducing such metabolic process,and what transcripts participate in controlling it,we carried out whole-transcriptome sequencing and analysis of petunia petals treated with different light-quality conditions.Among the red and white light treatments,a total of 2205 differentially expressed genes and 15,22,and 20 differentially expressed circRNAs,miRNAs,and lncRNAs,were identified respectively.The AS-related genes,including the structural genes CHSj,F3H,F35H,DFR,and ANS,and the regulatory genes AN4,DPL,PHZ and MYBx were found to be downregulated under red light condition compared with their levels under white light condition.Furthermore,the light photoreceptor Cryptochrome 3(CRY3)and a series of light-dependent genes,such as PIF,HY5,andBBXs,were also determined to respond to the light treatments.The anthocyanin contents in early petunia petals under red light were significantly lower than that under white and blue light.The results of qRT-PCR further confirmed the expression pattern of some AS-related and light-response genes in response to different light quality.Yeast two-hybrid results showed that the key elements in the light signal pathway,HY5 can interact with BBX19,BBX24 and BBX25.And PHZ,the important AS regulator can induce anthocyanin synthesis in response to blue light quality fromtransient expression analysis in petunia petals.These findings presented here not only deepen our understanding of how light quality controls anthocyanin synthesis,but also allow us to explore potential target genes for improving pigment production in petunia flower petals.展开更多
The realization of“carbon peak”and“carbon neutralization”highly depends on the efficient utilization of renewable energy sources.Exploring reliable and low-cost electrochemical energy storage systems is an ever-gr...The realization of“carbon peak”and“carbon neutralization”highly depends on the efficient utilization of renewable energy sources.Exploring reliable and low-cost electrochemical energy storage systems is an ever-growing demand for renewable energy integration.Among available candidates,aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)receive extensive researchers'attention because of their material abundance,high capacity,high safety,and environmental friendliness.However,the irreversible issues of Zn anode in terms of notorious dendric Zn growth,Zn corrosion/hydrogen evolution,and passivation significantly impede the commercialization of high-performance AZIBs.Carbon materials have advantages of large specific surface area,low cost,high electrical conductivity,controllable structure,and good stability.Their application provides remedies for improving the comprehensive performance of Zn anodes.In this review,the fundamentals and issues of Zn anodes,and the research progress with functional carbon materials for Zn anodes in recent years are presented.Three major strategies are described in detail,including the use of carbon materials(carbon nanotubes,graphene,carbon fiber,metal-organic framework(MOF)derived host,etc.)as Zn plating/stripping substrates,as protective coating layers on Zn,and as electrolyte additives.Finally,the remaining challenges and perspectives of carbon materials in high-performance AZIBs are outlined.展开更多
Stable Pb isotopes in surface and core sediments were determined to identify the sources of Pb contaminants in the northern East China Sea(ECS).The Bayesian stable isotope mixing model was used to quantify the contrib...Stable Pb isotopes in surface and core sediments were determined to identify the sources of Pb contaminants in the northern East China Sea(ECS).The Bayesian stable isotope mixing model was used to quantify the contributions of Pb sources.The results show that since the late 1980 s,ratios of^(207)Pb/^(206)Pb and^(208)Pb/^(206)Pb increased in the top 34-cm sediment shown in the coastal core samples,reflecting elevated anthropogenic Pb input in coastal sea.Seaward increase of^(207)Pb/^(206)Pb and^(208)Pb/^(206)Pb ratios in surface sediments reveals that anthropogenic Pb came mainly via atmospheric transmission into the ECS.Anthropogenic sources accounted for 12.0%-21.1%of the total Pb in sediments after the 1990 s.Coal combustion was the largest anthropogenic contributor(47.5%±18.8%),and Pb mining and smelting,cement production,and vehicle exhaust/gasoline contributed 23.2%±7.1%,19.0%±13.0%,and 10.3%±6.9%,respectively.The proportions of the anthropogenic sources gradually increased while geogenic source(riverine sediment)decreased from the coast to the outer shelf.This study demonstrated that the significant influence of atmospheric input of Pb contaminants into the ECS,and also the urgent need to control coal combustion and Pb discharge from industrial dust and fume emission in China.It also highlights the promising application of the Simmr model to quantify the proportions of multiple sources of trace elements in an environment.展开更多
Constraining the processes of deformation during tectonic switching from compression to extension is difficult because of the scarcity or absence of associated sedimentary and magmatic rocks and weak metamorphism.The ...Constraining the processes of deformation during tectonic switching from compression to extension is difficult because of the scarcity or absence of associated sedimentary and magmatic rocks and weak metamorphism.The east margin of the eastern North China Craton experienced Early to Middle Jurassic compression and Early Cretaceous extension.However,the period of tectonic quiescence lasting~13 million years(between 153 and 140 Ma)during which this transition occurred is poorly understood.This paper reports the identification of small-scale N-S-trending thrust and sinistral strike-slip faults(TSS)and NWtrending thrust and dextral strike-slip faults(TDS)in the Tongyuanpu-Aiyang region,which is part of the northern Liaodong Peninsula.Calculation of the tectonic stress field using striations,fault planes and kinematics reveals a NW-SE-oriented maximum principal axis(σ1),and sub-horizontalσ2 andσ3.Assemblages of N-S-trending TSS and NW-trending TDS were arranged with right stepping and resulted in local uplift and erosion at the junctions between fault terminations,which partitioned the Early and Middle Jurassic basins into residual smaller volcanic-sedimentary basins.These basins were unconformably overlain by small Early Cretaceous volcanic-sedimentary basins,such as those at Tongyuanpu and Fangjiaweizi.Magmatic ages and the timing of basin formation constrain the initiation of tectonic switching to 156–153 Ma,and its termination to 140–139 Ma.We suggest that R-R’Riedel shears controlled the formation of the N-S-trending TSS and NW-trending TDS.The R-R’shears were produced by continued sinistral strike-slip and northward growth along the Bohai Bay segment of the Tan-Lu fault zone during the Late Jurassic to early Early Cretaceous,simultaneous with a gradual weakening in the tectonic stress field during a switch in the direction of subduction of the Palaeo-Pacific plate from NW-ward to NNW-ward.This tectonic switching might have promoted the dissolution of gold and migration of gold-bearing fluids.展开更多
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide and macrophage polarization plays an important role in its pathogenesis.However,which molecule regulates macrophage polarizatio...Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide and macrophage polarization plays an important role in its pathogenesis.However,which molecule regulates macrophage polarization in NAFLD remains unclear.Herein,we showed NAFLD mice exhibited increased 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 7(17β-HSD7)expression in hepatic macrophages concomitantly with elevated M1 polarization.Single-cell RNA sequencing on hepatic non-parenchymal cells isolated from wild-type littermates and macrophage-17β-HSD7 knockout mice fed with high fat diet(HFD)for 6 weeks revealed that lipid metabolism pathways were notably changed.Furthermore,17β-HSD7 deficiency in macrophages attenuated HFD-induced hepatic steatosis,insulin resistance and liver injury.Mechanistically,17β-HSD7 triggered NLRP3 inflammasome activation by increasing free cholesterol content,thereby promoting M1 polarization of macrophages and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines.In addition,to help demonstrate that 17β-HSD7 is a potential drug target for NAFLD,fenretinide was screened out from an FDA-approved drug library based on its 17β-HSD7 dehydrogenase inhibitory activity.Fenretinide dose-dependently abrogated macrophage polarization and pro-inflammatory cytokines production,and subsequently inhibited fat deposition in hepatocytes co-cultured with macrophages.In conclusion,our findings suggest that blockade of 17β-HSD7 signaling by fenretinide would be a drug repurposing strategy for NAFLD treatment.展开更多
Development of biomaterial based flexible electronics has got intensive attention owing to the potential applications in the wearable and epidermal devices.Silk fibroin,as a natural textile material with excellent per...Development of biomaterial based flexible electronics has got intensive attention owing to the potential applications in the wearable and epidermal devices.Silk fibroin,as a natural textile material with excellent performance,has been widely concerned by industry and academy.However,the property of electrical insulation limits his development in the field of flexible electronics.In this paper,a regenerated silk fibroin/carbon nanotube(RSF/CNT)conductive film has been successfully fabricated and applied in flexible capacitive-type pressure sensor and wearable triboelectric nanogenerator by a facile method.The electrical conductivity and mechanical property of RSF/CNT film was optimized by investigating with different composite ratio from 10 to 90%(W_(RSF)/W_(CNT)).The RSF/CNT film has a good photothermal response and electric heating performance.We furtherly demonstrated that the RSF/CNT based sensor can be used as epidermal self-powered sensor for multifunction human motion monitoring and Morse code compilation.The observed research results have shown that the RSF/CNT film has a wide range of potential application prospects in the wearable electronics field.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31772620)China Agricultural Research System Poultry-related Science and Technology Innovation Team of Peking(BAIC 04-2018)
文摘Background: There is growing interest in carbohydrate and protein nutrition to enhance the efficiency of animal production.Reduced-crude protein diets depress environmental pollution and feeding cost,but the challenge to their adoption is maintaining digestive function and growth performance of birds.The present study was conducted to evaluate the influence of different dietary starch sources and protein levels on intestinal functionality and mucosal amino acid catabolism.Methods: Six dietary treatments,based on maize and soybean meal,were offered to 360 AA+male chicks from 6 to 35 d post-hatch as a 3 × 2 factorial array.Either waxy rice or amylose was added to a conventional maize-soy diet to provide three sources of starch with different digestion rates and relatively high and low dietary protein levels.Growth performance,parameters of intestinal functionality and concentrations of free amino acid in the portal circulation were determined.Results: In the grower phase,starch source influenced(P < 0.02) weight gain as diets containing amylose supported significantly higher weight gains than waxy rice.Significant increase of ileal ATP concentrations and Na^+/K^+-ATPase activity were found in amylose treatment.Also,amylose decreased BrdU positive cell numbers and down-regulated m RNA expression for CASP-3.GOT activity in the ileum was higher(P < 0.01) in birds offered low protein diets and there was a trend(P = 0.057) for waxy rice as a starch source to increase ileal GOT activities.There was a significant influence on the concentration of seventeen amino acids in the portal circulation with tryptophan the one exception.Waxy rice as a starch source generated 13.6% and 22.4% numerically higher concentrations of non-essential amino acids than maize and amylose,respectively.Conclusions: Amino acid catabolism in the gut mucosa is subject to nutritional regulation.Given that amino acids can be spared from catabolism in the gut mucosa by supplementation of amylose,it follows their post-enteral availability would be improved and intestinal energy would be derived more efficiently from glucose.
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U1504320)Financial Project of Henan Province(Grant No.2019ZC23)We thank Liwen Bianji,Edanz Group China(www.liwenbianji.cn/ac),for editing the English text of a draft of this manuscript.
文摘Previous studies have shown that high light intensity can induce anthocyanin synthesis(AS)in petunia plants.To identifywhich kind of light quality plays a role in inducing such metabolic process,and what transcripts participate in controlling it,we carried out whole-transcriptome sequencing and analysis of petunia petals treated with different light-quality conditions.Among the red and white light treatments,a total of 2205 differentially expressed genes and 15,22,and 20 differentially expressed circRNAs,miRNAs,and lncRNAs,were identified respectively.The AS-related genes,including the structural genes CHSj,F3H,F35H,DFR,and ANS,and the regulatory genes AN4,DPL,PHZ and MYBx were found to be downregulated under red light condition compared with their levels under white light condition.Furthermore,the light photoreceptor Cryptochrome 3(CRY3)and a series of light-dependent genes,such as PIF,HY5,andBBXs,were also determined to respond to the light treatments.The anthocyanin contents in early petunia petals under red light were significantly lower than that under white and blue light.The results of qRT-PCR further confirmed the expression pattern of some AS-related and light-response genes in response to different light quality.Yeast two-hybrid results showed that the key elements in the light signal pathway,HY5 can interact with BBX19,BBX24 and BBX25.And PHZ,the important AS regulator can induce anthocyanin synthesis in response to blue light quality fromtransient expression analysis in petunia petals.These findings presented here not only deepen our understanding of how light quality controls anthocyanin synthesis,but also allow us to explore potential target genes for improving pigment production in petunia flower petals.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51872090,51772097,and 22075067)the Hebei Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholar(E2019209433)+3 种基金the Youth Talent Program of Hebei Provincial Education Department(BJ2018020)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(E2020209151 and B2020201001)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2021QNRC001)the Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department(SLRC2019028)。
文摘The realization of“carbon peak”and“carbon neutralization”highly depends on the efficient utilization of renewable energy sources.Exploring reliable and low-cost electrochemical energy storage systems is an ever-growing demand for renewable energy integration.Among available candidates,aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)receive extensive researchers'attention because of their material abundance,high capacity,high safety,and environmental friendliness.However,the irreversible issues of Zn anode in terms of notorious dendric Zn growth,Zn corrosion/hydrogen evolution,and passivation significantly impede the commercialization of high-performance AZIBs.Carbon materials have advantages of large specific surface area,low cost,high electrical conductivity,controllable structure,and good stability.Their application provides remedies for improving the comprehensive performance of Zn anodes.In this review,the fundamentals and issues of Zn anodes,and the research progress with functional carbon materials for Zn anodes in recent years are presented.Three major strategies are described in detail,including the use of carbon materials(carbon nanotubes,graphene,carbon fiber,metal-organic framework(MOF)derived host,etc.)as Zn plating/stripping substrates,as protective coating layers on Zn,and as electrolyte additives.Finally,the remaining challenges and perspectives of carbon materials in high-performance AZIBs are outlined.
基金the Open Fund of CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences,Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KLMEES201805)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41406087)the"First Class Fishery Discipline"Program in Shandong Province,China。
文摘Stable Pb isotopes in surface and core sediments were determined to identify the sources of Pb contaminants in the northern East China Sea(ECS).The Bayesian stable isotope mixing model was used to quantify the contributions of Pb sources.The results show that since the late 1980 s,ratios of^(207)Pb/^(206)Pb and^(208)Pb/^(206)Pb increased in the top 34-cm sediment shown in the coastal core samples,reflecting elevated anthropogenic Pb input in coastal sea.Seaward increase of^(207)Pb/^(206)Pb and^(208)Pb/^(206)Pb ratios in surface sediments reveals that anthropogenic Pb came mainly via atmospheric transmission into the ECS.Anthropogenic sources accounted for 12.0%-21.1%of the total Pb in sediments after the 1990 s.Coal combustion was the largest anthropogenic contributor(47.5%±18.8%),and Pb mining and smelting,cement production,and vehicle exhaust/gasoline contributed 23.2%±7.1%,19.0%±13.0%,and 10.3%±6.9%,respectively.The proportions of the anthropogenic sources gradually increased while geogenic source(riverine sediment)decreased from the coast to the outer shelf.This study demonstrated that the significant influence of atmospheric input of Pb contaminants into the ECS,and also the urgent need to control coal combustion and Pb discharge from industrial dust and fume emission in China.It also highlights the promising application of the Simmr model to quantify the proportions of multiple sources of trace elements in an environment.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2016YFC0600102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42030306)the 111 Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology,China(Grant No.BP0719021)。
文摘Constraining the processes of deformation during tectonic switching from compression to extension is difficult because of the scarcity or absence of associated sedimentary and magmatic rocks and weak metamorphism.The east margin of the eastern North China Craton experienced Early to Middle Jurassic compression and Early Cretaceous extension.However,the period of tectonic quiescence lasting~13 million years(between 153 and 140 Ma)during which this transition occurred is poorly understood.This paper reports the identification of small-scale N-S-trending thrust and sinistral strike-slip faults(TSS)and NWtrending thrust and dextral strike-slip faults(TDS)in the Tongyuanpu-Aiyang region,which is part of the northern Liaodong Peninsula.Calculation of the tectonic stress field using striations,fault planes and kinematics reveals a NW-SE-oriented maximum principal axis(σ1),and sub-horizontalσ2 andσ3.Assemblages of N-S-trending TSS and NW-trending TDS were arranged with right stepping and resulted in local uplift and erosion at the junctions between fault terminations,which partitioned the Early and Middle Jurassic basins into residual smaller volcanic-sedimentary basins.These basins were unconformably overlain by small Early Cretaceous volcanic-sedimentary basins,such as those at Tongyuanpu and Fangjiaweizi.Magmatic ages and the timing of basin formation constrain the initiation of tectonic switching to 156–153 Ma,and its termination to 140–139 Ma.We suggest that R-R’Riedel shears controlled the formation of the N-S-trending TSS and NW-trending TDS.The R-R’shears were produced by continued sinistral strike-slip and northward growth along the Bohai Bay segment of the Tan-Lu fault zone during the Late Jurassic to early Early Cretaceous,simultaneous with a gradual weakening in the tectonic stress field during a switch in the direction of subduction of the Palaeo-Pacific plate from NW-ward to NNW-ward.This tectonic switching might have promoted the dissolution of gold and migration of gold-bearing fluids.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Nos.82173872 and 81872663)。
文摘Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide and macrophage polarization plays an important role in its pathogenesis.However,which molecule regulates macrophage polarization in NAFLD remains unclear.Herein,we showed NAFLD mice exhibited increased 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 7(17β-HSD7)expression in hepatic macrophages concomitantly with elevated M1 polarization.Single-cell RNA sequencing on hepatic non-parenchymal cells isolated from wild-type littermates and macrophage-17β-HSD7 knockout mice fed with high fat diet(HFD)for 6 weeks revealed that lipid metabolism pathways were notably changed.Furthermore,17β-HSD7 deficiency in macrophages attenuated HFD-induced hepatic steatosis,insulin resistance and liver injury.Mechanistically,17β-HSD7 triggered NLRP3 inflammasome activation by increasing free cholesterol content,thereby promoting M1 polarization of macrophages and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines.In addition,to help demonstrate that 17β-HSD7 is a potential drug target for NAFLD,fenretinide was screened out from an FDA-approved drug library based on its 17β-HSD7 dehydrogenase inhibitory activity.Fenretinide dose-dependently abrogated macrophage polarization and pro-inflammatory cytokines production,and subsequently inhibited fat deposition in hepatocytes co-cultured with macrophages.In conclusion,our findings suggest that blockade of 17β-HSD7 signaling by fenretinide would be a drug repurposing strategy for NAFLD treatment.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51872325,51922014,61835014,and 51972336)the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Science and Technology Partnership Program(2020E01039)+2 种基金Xinjiang Outstanding Young Scientific and Technological Talents(2020Q004)the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(1A1365KYSB20200008)the Science and Technology Service Network Initiative of Chinese Academy of Sciences(KFJ-STS-QYZD-130)。
基金This work was supported by Open Project Funding of the Key Laboratory of High Performance Fibers and Products,Science Foundation of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University(20202090-Y).
文摘Development of biomaterial based flexible electronics has got intensive attention owing to the potential applications in the wearable and epidermal devices.Silk fibroin,as a natural textile material with excellent performance,has been widely concerned by industry and academy.However,the property of electrical insulation limits his development in the field of flexible electronics.In this paper,a regenerated silk fibroin/carbon nanotube(RSF/CNT)conductive film has been successfully fabricated and applied in flexible capacitive-type pressure sensor and wearable triboelectric nanogenerator by a facile method.The electrical conductivity and mechanical property of RSF/CNT film was optimized by investigating with different composite ratio from 10 to 90%(W_(RSF)/W_(CNT)).The RSF/CNT film has a good photothermal response and electric heating performance.We furtherly demonstrated that the RSF/CNT based sensor can be used as epidermal self-powered sensor for multifunction human motion monitoring and Morse code compilation.The observed research results have shown that the RSF/CNT film has a wide range of potential application prospects in the wearable electronics field.
