Flower organ identity in rice is mainly determined by the A-,B-,C-and E-class genes,with the majority encoding MADS-box transcription factors.However,few studies have investigated how the expression of these floral or...Flower organ identity in rice is mainly determined by the A-,B-,C-and E-class genes,with the majority encoding MADS-box transcription factors.However,few studies have investigated how the expression of these floral organ identity genes is regulated during flower development.In this study,we identified a gene named SUPER WOMAN 2(SPW2),which is necessary for spikelet/floret development in rice by participating in the regulation of the expression of pistil identity genes such as OsMADS3,OsMADS13,OsMADS58 and DL.In the spw2 mutant,ectopic stigma/ovary-like tissues were observed in the non-pistil organs,including sterile lemma,lemma,palea,lodicule,and stamen,suggesting that the identities of these organs were severely affected by mutations in SPW2.SPW2 was shown to encode a plant-specific EMF1-like protein that is involved in H3K27me3 modification as an important component of the PRC2 complex.Expression analysis showed that the SPW2 mutation led to the ectopic expression of OsMADS3,OsMADS13,OsMADS58,and DL in non-pistil organs of the spikelet.The ChIP-qPCR results showed significant reductions in the levels of H3K27me3 modification on the chromatin of these genes.Thus,we demonstrated that SPW2 can mediate the process of H3K27me3 modification of pistil-related genes to regulate their expression in non-pistil organs of spikelets in rice.The results of this study expand our understanding of the molecular mechanism by which SPW2 regulates floral organ identity genes through epigenetic regulation.展开更多
Accurate traffic prediction is crucial for an intelligent traffic system (ITS). However, the excessive non-linearity and complexity of the spatial-temporal correlation in traffic flow severely limit the prediction acc...Accurate traffic prediction is crucial for an intelligent traffic system (ITS). However, the excessive non-linearity and complexity of the spatial-temporal correlation in traffic flow severely limit the prediction accuracy of most existing models, which simply stack temporal and spatial modules and fail to capture spatial-temporal features effectively. To improve the prediction accuracy, a multi-head attention spatial-temporal graph neural network (MSTNet) is proposed in this paper. First, the traffic data is decomposed into unique time spans that conform to positive rules, and valuable traffic node attributes are mined through an adaptive graph structure. Second, time and spatial features are captured using a multi-head attention spatial-temporal module. Finally, a multi-step prediction module is used to achieve future traffic condition prediction. Numerical experiments were conducted on an open-source dataset, and the results demonstrate that MSTNet performs well in spatial-temporal feature extraction and achieves more positive forecasting results than the baseline methods.展开更多
Colorless‐to‐black switching has attracted widespread attention for smart windows and multifunctional displays because they are more useful to control solar energy.However,it still remains a challenge owing to the t...Colorless‐to‐black switching has attracted widespread attention for smart windows and multifunctional displays because they are more useful to control solar energy.However,it still remains a challenge owing to the tremendous difficulties in the design of completely reverse absorptions in transmissive and colored states.Herein,we report on an electrochemical device that can switch between colorless and black by using the electrochemical process of hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite MAPbBr_(3),which shows a high integrated contrast ratio of up to 73%from 400 to 800 nm.The perovskite solution can be used as the active layer to assemble the device,showing superior transmittance over the entire visible region in neutral states.By applying an appropriate voltage,the device undergoes reversible switching between colorless and black,which is attributed to the formation of lead and Br_(2)in the redox reaction induced by the electron transfer process in MAPbBr_(3).In addition,the contrast ratio can be modulated over the entire visible region by changing the concentration and the applied voltage.These results contribute toward gaining an insightful understanding of the electrochemical process of perovskites and greatly promoting the development of switchable devices.展开更多
Sustainable development is an important component of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)and is of great significance for evaluating the levels of sustainable development of countries along this route(henceforth,BRI coun...Sustainable development is an important component of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)and is of great significance for evaluating the levels of sustainable development of countries along this route(henceforth,BRI countries).Therefore,this study aims to identify the factors that influence the levels of sustainable development of BRI countries in a reasonable and objective manner.Eventually,this study employs the super efficiency slacks-based measure(Super-SBM)model,which considers unexpected outputs to measure the level of sustainable development of BRI countries.The dynamic change and composition of the sustainable development level of these countries are calculated using the global Malmquist-Luenberger index.Furthermore,the Tobit model is used to identify the factors influencing the level of sustainable development of BRI countries in general and in various categories.The empirical results suggest the following points.(a)The overall level of sustainable development of BRI countries is low,whereas those of high-income and middle-and high-income countries are relatively high.(b)The overall sustainable development levels of BRI countries declined to a certain extent in 2008 owing to the effect of the financial crisis,.However,the sustainable development level of other countries,barring low-income countries,has gradually increased since 2011.(c)Since 2008,technological progress has replaced technical efficiency as the main driving force behind the improvement of the sustainable development level of BRI countries.(d)A U-shaped relationship is observed between the economic and sustainable development levels of these countries.(e)The level of science and technology and the proportion of renewable energy consumption can promote the sustainable development of these countries.Moreover,a negative correlation exists between the level of opening to the outside world and that of sustainable development of countries that mainly export resource-based products and are dominated by labor-intensive export industries.Barring low-income countries,the energy structure plays an effective role in improving the level of sustainable development.Finally,the study presents suggestions for China in the process of coping with the sustainable development of relevant countries during its promotion of the BRI.展开更多
Based on the principle of lightweight design, a method of using carbon fiber reinforced composite instead of traditional metal materials to design automobile carrier?can be?proposed. The method uses the equal stiffnes...Based on the principle of lightweight design, a method of using carbon fiber reinforced composite instead of traditional metal materials to design automobile carrier?can be?proposed. The method uses the equal stiffness design principle of the composite material parts to lay out the design of the carbon fiber parts, including the application of the laying angle and the thickness of the laying layer in design. Through the analysis of the actual working conditions of the lower arm, the stress and boundary conditions are obtained. After the design of the stiffness, the geometrical topology of the lower arm is further optimized. Finally, the lower arm of the carbon fiber not only met the performance requirements,?but also to a certain extent, achieved?the purpose of lightweight.展开更多
Composite materials are widely used in automobiles because of their small proportion, large modulus and high strength. In this paper, carbon fiber-epoxy (T300/5222) composite material is used to design the composite a...Composite materials are widely used in automobiles because of their small proportion, large modulus and high strength. In this paper, carbon fiber-epoxy (T300/5222) composite material is used to design the composite automobile wheel hub according to the general principle of laminated plate design. And the hub layer is finished with hypermesh 14.0. The stress and strain of the hub can be analyzed by Hyperworks14.0 according to the three kinds of conditions. Then the maximum stress layer?is found?out and the strength?is?checked. The composite wheel hub is compared with the same aluminum alloy hub. The results showed that composite materials of hub can be achieved in hub strength requirements. Because its ultimate stress is bigger than Aluminum Alloy of hub, obviously the strength of composite hub is higher than the Aluminum Alloy of hub. Because of the smaller strain, the impact of performance is better. The composite wheel hub reduces?the weight of 11.3%.展开更多
At present, the development of the traditional car is more and more troubled by the high cost of environmental pollution and oil prices, many countries have paid increasingly attention to the research and development ...At present, the development of the traditional car is more and more troubled by the high cost of environmental pollution and oil prices, many countries have paid increasingly attention to the research and development of electric vehicles. And vehicle battery box, as the heart of the automobile power system, and many difficulties still exist in its research and development. This paper is based on ANSYS. By using the finite element theory, it is to analyze the modal characteristics of the battery box and frequency vibration characteristics. Having a more comprehensive grasp of the dynamic performance of the battery box is the key to solve the new energy automotive research and development of issues.展开更多
Most of existed strategies for defending OFA (Objective Function Attack)are centralized, only suitable for small-scale networks and stressed on the computation complexity and traffic load are usually neglected. In thi...Most of existed strategies for defending OFA (Objective Function Attack)are centralized, only suitable for small-scale networks and stressed on the computation complexity and traffic load are usually neglected. In this paper, we pay more attentions on the OFA problem in large-scale cognitive networks, where the big data generated from the network must be considered and the traditional methods could be of helplessness. In this paper, we first analyze the interactive processes between attacker and defender in detail, and then a defense strategy for OFA based on differential game is proposed, abbreviated as DSDG. Secondly, the game saddle point and optimal defense strategy have proved to be existed simultaneously. Simulation results show that the proposed DSDG has a less influence on network performance and a lower rate of packet loss.More importantly, it can cope with the large range展开更多
Comprehensive Summary,The worldwide abuse of antibiotics and resultant antimicrobial resistance made the development of new antibacterial materials an urgent and significant issue.Herein,a hybrid ZnO@Au nanorod array ...Comprehensive Summary,The worldwide abuse of antibiotics and resultant antimicrobial resistance made the development of new antibacterial materials an urgent and significant issue.Herein,a hybrid ZnO@Au nanorod array with fast bacterial inactivation and excellent recyclability was reported.93%bacteria could be inactivated within 5 min ultra-sonication under indoor daylight,and the killing rate maintains above 90%after seven repeated using cycles.Antibacterial mechanism involves extracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)generated from photocatalysis and piezoelectricity of nanorod array,intracellular ROS generation and decrease of adenosine-triphosphate(ATP)originated from electron transfer(ET)from bacteria to nanorod array,as well as mechanical effect from the nanorod,among which ET mechanism plays a major role.Large Schottky barrier from the hybrid interface not only enhances the ROS generation by promoting the charge transfer and carrier separation as well as light utilization,but also enables one-direction electron transfer from bacteria to nanorod array.The resultant continuous electron loss breaks the energy metabolism and disturbs the redox equilibrium,leading to bacterial death.This study demonstrates the great potential of hybrid structure in antibacterial applications and indicates ET as a novel effective antibacterial mechanism for semiconductor materials,which provides insights into the design of next-generation antibacterial materials.展开更多
As a common practice in agricultural system,straw return has been reported to release a large number of trace gases and attractedmuch attention.However,the role of straw return in toluene emission remains poorly under...As a common practice in agricultural system,straw return has been reported to release a large number of trace gases and attractedmuch attention.However,the role of straw return in toluene emission remains poorly understood.In this study we measured the emissions of toluene as well as other 50 volatile organic compounds(VOCs)from wheat straw return for 66 days under flooded and non-flooded conditions,respectively.The results showed that substantial toluene was released from the returned wheat straw particularly under flooded condition,and primarily derived from the secondary product.Toluene emissions from the returned wheat straw were 36.8 and 8.45 mg C/kg,sharing 28.0%and 8.6%of total VOCs released,and over 90% of toluene emissions occurred between days 24-56 and 0-17 under flooded and non-flooded conditions,respectively.The emission rates of toluene were relatively high but decreased sharply at the beginning 2 days,and then was steady until 24 days under the two moisture conditions.After the initial decrease these rose again to form one“peak emission window”between days 24-56 under flooded condition,while these were still very low and steady until the end under non-flooded condition.The toluene emission rates significantly positively correlated with microbial biomass C under flooded condition,but negatively associated with bacteria and fungus number,microbial biomass C,and CO_(2) flux under non-flooded condition,suggesting that microorganism might play an important role in toluene emissions from wheat straw return.A rough estimate indicated that straw return might be important for biogenic toluene.展开更多
多毛类环节动物是海洋底栖生物群落的重要类群之一,在海洋生物监测、海水养殖、底栖食物链网、生态评估和生态修复中起着重要的作用。本文根据我国学者首篇记述中国海域多毛类物种文献、首次发表新种文献和首篇博士论文的年份,将中国海...多毛类环节动物是海洋底栖生物群落的重要类群之一,在海洋生物监测、海水养殖、底栖食物链网、生态评估和生态修复中起着重要的作用。本文根据我国学者首篇记述中国海域多毛类物种文献、首次发表新种文献和首篇博士论文的年份,将中国海域多毛类环节动物物种多样性研究分为3个阶段。第一阶段(1933–1961年)我国学者尚未发现新种,但记述了几十种多毛类;第二阶段(1962–2007年)发现了49新种,但没有专门的博士和硕士学位论文;第三阶段(2008–2022年)发现了120新种,有博士和硕士学位论文。从1933年至2022年,我国学者发现的新种和新记录种数量呈上升趋势,但在不同时间段,特别是在第二阶段有较大波动。目前,我国多毛类物种多样性研究存在一些科、属、种的分类地位存疑,一些科、属的分类亟待研究,一些新种未被世界海洋物种目录(World Register of Marine Species)接受等问题。鉴于存在的问题,本文建议在我国加强多毛类数据库建设,加强多毛类物种多样性、遗传多样性和环境DNA研究。展开更多
Silver nanowire(AgNW)has become one of the best candidates for flexible transparent electromagnetic(EMI)shielding materials,while the low corrosion resistance of AgNW hinders its application in environments with high ...Silver nanowire(AgNW)has become one of the best candidates for flexible transparent electromagnetic(EMI)shielding materials,while the low corrosion resistance of AgNW hinders its application in environments with high content of corrosive substances.Herein,an AgNW/poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)/poly(styrene sulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)@nickel electrode was prepared through ultrasonic spray coating and electroplating methods.PEDOT:PSS is sprayed to improve the conductivity of the AgNW network,and a 9.8-16.5 nm Ni layer is deposited on the AgNW/PEDOT:PSS to protect the AgNWs from corrosion.The AgNW/PEDOT:PSS@Ni electrode shows a sheet resistance of 29 U·sq^(-1),a transmittance of 78.18%,an average EMI shielding efficiency of 19.64 dB and excellent corrosion resistance in Na2S solution.The resultant AgNW/PEDOT:PSS@Ni electrode is promisingly used in high corrosion resistance transparent EMI shielding film.展开更多
The thermal issue is of great importance during the layout design of heat source components in systems engineering,especially for high functional-density products.Thermal analysis requires complex simulation,which lea...The thermal issue is of great importance during the layout design of heat source components in systems engineering,especially for high functional-density products.Thermal analysis requires complex simulation,which leads to an unaffordable computational burden to layout optimization as it iteratively evaluates different schemes.Surrogate modeling is an effective method for alleviating computation complexity.However,the temperature field prediction(TFP)with complex heat source layout(HSL)input is an ultra-high dimensional nonlinear regression problem,which brings great difficulty to traditional regression models.The deep neural network(DNN)regression method is a feasible way for its good approximation performance.However,it faces great challenges in data preparation for sample diversity and uniformity in the layout space with physical constraints and proper DNN model selection and training for good generality,which necessitates the efforts of layout designers and DNN experts.To advance this cross-domain research,this paper proposes a DNN-based HSL-TFP surrogate modeling task benchmark.With consideration for engineering applicability,sample generation,dataset evaluation,DNN model,and surrogate performance metrics are thoroughly investigated.Experiments are conducted with ten representative state-of-the-art DNN models.A detailed discussion on baseline results is provided,and future prospects are analyzed for DNN-based HSL-TFP tasks.展开更多
Anodic electrocatalyst plays the co re role in direct alcohol fuel cells(DAFCs),while traditional Pt-catalysts suffer from limited catalytic activity,high over potential and severe CO poisoning.Herein,by selectively d...Anodic electrocatalyst plays the co re role in direct alcohol fuel cells(DAFCs),while traditional Pt-catalysts suffer from limited catalytic activity,high over potential and severe CO poisoning.Herein,by selectively depositing Rh atoms on the defective-sites of Pt nanowires(NWs),we developed a new Pt@Rh NW electrocatalyst that exhibited enhanced electrocatalytic performance for both methanol oxidation(MOR)and ethanol oxidation(EOR).Both cyclic voltammetry(CV) and in-situ infrared spectroscopy revealed that the presence of Rh atoms suppressed the generation of poisonous intermediates and completely oxidized alcohols molecule into CO2.Atomic resolusion spherical aberration corrected high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy(CS-HAADF-STEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS) mapping analysis revealed that Rh atoms were primarily deposited on the defective sites of Pt NWs.Meanwhile,the presence of Rh atoms also modified the electronic state of Pt atoms and therefore lowered the onset potential for alcohols oxidation potential.This work gives the first clear clue on the role of the defective sites of Pt nanocatalyst poisoning,and propose that selectively blocking these sites with trace amount of Rh is an effective strategy in designing advantageous electrocatalysts.展开更多
基金supported by the Chongqing Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System,China(CQMAITS202301)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32100287 and 31971919)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(cstc2020jcyj-jq X0020 and cstc2021ycjh-bgzxm0066)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project(2020M683219)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(SWU-XDJH202315)。
文摘Flower organ identity in rice is mainly determined by the A-,B-,C-and E-class genes,with the majority encoding MADS-box transcription factors.However,few studies have investigated how the expression of these floral organ identity genes is regulated during flower development.In this study,we identified a gene named SUPER WOMAN 2(SPW2),which is necessary for spikelet/floret development in rice by participating in the regulation of the expression of pistil identity genes such as OsMADS3,OsMADS13,OsMADS58 and DL.In the spw2 mutant,ectopic stigma/ovary-like tissues were observed in the non-pistil organs,including sterile lemma,lemma,palea,lodicule,and stamen,suggesting that the identities of these organs were severely affected by mutations in SPW2.SPW2 was shown to encode a plant-specific EMF1-like protein that is involved in H3K27me3 modification as an important component of the PRC2 complex.Expression analysis showed that the SPW2 mutation led to the ectopic expression of OsMADS3,OsMADS13,OsMADS58,and DL in non-pistil organs of the spikelet.The ChIP-qPCR results showed significant reductions in the levels of H3K27me3 modification on the chromatin of these genes.Thus,we demonstrated that SPW2 can mediate the process of H3K27me3 modification of pistil-related genes to regulate their expression in non-pistil organs of spikelets in rice.The results of this study expand our understanding of the molecular mechanism by which SPW2 regulates floral organ identity genes through epigenetic regulation.
文摘Accurate traffic prediction is crucial for an intelligent traffic system (ITS). However, the excessive non-linearity and complexity of the spatial-temporal correlation in traffic flow severely limit the prediction accuracy of most existing models, which simply stack temporal and spatial modules and fail to capture spatial-temporal features effectively. To improve the prediction accuracy, a multi-head attention spatial-temporal graph neural network (MSTNet) is proposed in this paper. First, the traffic data is decomposed into unique time spans that conform to positive rules, and valuable traffic node attributes are mined through an adaptive graph structure. Second, time and spatial features are captured using a multi-head attention spatial-temporal module. Finally, a multi-step prediction module is used to achieve future traffic condition prediction. Numerical experiments were conducted on an open-source dataset, and the results demonstrate that MSTNet performs well in spatial-temporal feature extraction and achieves more positive forecasting results than the baseline methods.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(China),Grant/Award Numbers:B2020203013,B2021203016Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department(China),Grant/Award Number:QN2020137+3 种基金Cultivation Project for Basic Research Innovation of Yanshan University(China),Grant/Award Number:2021LGZD015Subsidy for Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry after Operation Performance(China),Grant/Award Number:22567616HNatural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(China),Grant/Award Number:LH2022B025Fundamental Research Funds for the Provincial Universities of Heilongjiang Province(China),Grant/Award Number:KYYWF10236190104。
文摘Colorless‐to‐black switching has attracted widespread attention for smart windows and multifunctional displays because they are more useful to control solar energy.However,it still remains a challenge owing to the tremendous difficulties in the design of completely reverse absorptions in transmissive and colored states.Herein,we report on an electrochemical device that can switch between colorless and black by using the electrochemical process of hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite MAPbBr_(3),which shows a high integrated contrast ratio of up to 73%from 400 to 800 nm.The perovskite solution can be used as the active layer to assemble the device,showing superior transmittance over the entire visible region in neutral states.By applying an appropriate voltage,the device undergoes reversible switching between colorless and black,which is attributed to the formation of lead and Br_(2)in the redox reaction induced by the electron transfer process in MAPbBr_(3).In addition,the contrast ratio can be modulated over the entire visible region by changing the concentration and the applied voltage.These results contribute toward gaining an insightful understanding of the electrochemical process of perovskites and greatly promoting the development of switchable devices.
文摘Sustainable development is an important component of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)and is of great significance for evaluating the levels of sustainable development of countries along this route(henceforth,BRI countries).Therefore,this study aims to identify the factors that influence the levels of sustainable development of BRI countries in a reasonable and objective manner.Eventually,this study employs the super efficiency slacks-based measure(Super-SBM)model,which considers unexpected outputs to measure the level of sustainable development of BRI countries.The dynamic change and composition of the sustainable development level of these countries are calculated using the global Malmquist-Luenberger index.Furthermore,the Tobit model is used to identify the factors influencing the level of sustainable development of BRI countries in general and in various categories.The empirical results suggest the following points.(a)The overall level of sustainable development of BRI countries is low,whereas those of high-income and middle-and high-income countries are relatively high.(b)The overall sustainable development levels of BRI countries declined to a certain extent in 2008 owing to the effect of the financial crisis,.However,the sustainable development level of other countries,barring low-income countries,has gradually increased since 2011.(c)Since 2008,technological progress has replaced technical efficiency as the main driving force behind the improvement of the sustainable development level of BRI countries.(d)A U-shaped relationship is observed between the economic and sustainable development levels of these countries.(e)The level of science and technology and the proportion of renewable energy consumption can promote the sustainable development of these countries.Moreover,a negative correlation exists between the level of opening to the outside world and that of sustainable development of countries that mainly export resource-based products and are dominated by labor-intensive export industries.Barring low-income countries,the energy structure plays an effective role in improving the level of sustainable development.Finally,the study presents suggestions for China in the process of coping with the sustainable development of relevant countries during its promotion of the BRI.
文摘Based on the principle of lightweight design, a method of using carbon fiber reinforced composite instead of traditional metal materials to design automobile carrier?can be?proposed. The method uses the equal stiffness design principle of the composite material parts to lay out the design of the carbon fiber parts, including the application of the laying angle and the thickness of the laying layer in design. Through the analysis of the actual working conditions of the lower arm, the stress and boundary conditions are obtained. After the design of the stiffness, the geometrical topology of the lower arm is further optimized. Finally, the lower arm of the carbon fiber not only met the performance requirements,?but also to a certain extent, achieved?the purpose of lightweight.
文摘Composite materials are widely used in automobiles because of their small proportion, large modulus and high strength. In this paper, carbon fiber-epoxy (T300/5222) composite material is used to design the composite automobile wheel hub according to the general principle of laminated plate design. And the hub layer is finished with hypermesh 14.0. The stress and strain of the hub can be analyzed by Hyperworks14.0 according to the three kinds of conditions. Then the maximum stress layer?is found?out and the strength?is?checked. The composite wheel hub is compared with the same aluminum alloy hub. The results showed that composite materials of hub can be achieved in hub strength requirements. Because its ultimate stress is bigger than Aluminum Alloy of hub, obviously the strength of composite hub is higher than the Aluminum Alloy of hub. Because of the smaller strain, the impact of performance is better. The composite wheel hub reduces?the weight of 11.3%.
文摘At present, the development of the traditional car is more and more troubled by the high cost of environmental pollution and oil prices, many countries have paid increasingly attention to the research and development of electric vehicles. And vehicle battery box, as the heart of the automobile power system, and many difficulties still exist in its research and development. This paper is based on ANSYS. By using the finite element theory, it is to analyze the modal characteristics of the battery box and frequency vibration characteristics. Having a more comprehensive grasp of the dynamic performance of the battery box is the key to solve the new energy automotive research and development of issues.
基金This work is supported by the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (20122304130002), the Natural Science Foundation of China (61370212), the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (ZD 201102), the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities (HEUCFZ1213, HEUCF100601), and Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (LBH-210204).
文摘Most of existed strategies for defending OFA (Objective Function Attack)are centralized, only suitable for small-scale networks and stressed on the computation complexity and traffic load are usually neglected. In this paper, we pay more attentions on the OFA problem in large-scale cognitive networks, where the big data generated from the network must be considered and the traditional methods could be of helplessness. In this paper, we first analyze the interactive processes between attacker and defender in detail, and then a defense strategy for OFA based on differential game is proposed, abbreviated as DSDG. Secondly, the game saddle point and optimal defense strategy have proved to be existed simultaneously. Simulation results show that the proposed DSDG has a less influence on network performance and a lower rate of packet loss.More importantly, it can cope with the large range
基金supported by the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(Grant No.2020233)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22074138)+2 种基金the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(22025406)the Science and Technology Innovation Foundation of Jjilin Province(YDZJ202101ZYTS039,20220101065JC)Liaoning Provincial Department of Education Fund(UJKMz20220790).
文摘Comprehensive Summary,The worldwide abuse of antibiotics and resultant antimicrobial resistance made the development of new antibacterial materials an urgent and significant issue.Herein,a hybrid ZnO@Au nanorod array with fast bacterial inactivation and excellent recyclability was reported.93%bacteria could be inactivated within 5 min ultra-sonication under indoor daylight,and the killing rate maintains above 90%after seven repeated using cycles.Antibacterial mechanism involves extracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)generated from photocatalysis and piezoelectricity of nanorod array,intracellular ROS generation and decrease of adenosine-triphosphate(ATP)originated from electron transfer(ET)from bacteria to nanorod array,as well as mechanical effect from the nanorod,among which ET mechanism plays a major role.Large Schottky barrier from the hybrid interface not only enhances the ROS generation by promoting the charge transfer and carrier separation as well as light utilization,but also enables one-direction electron transfer from bacteria to nanorod array.The resultant continuous electron loss breaks the energy metabolism and disturbs the redox equilibrium,leading to bacterial death.This study demonstrates the great potential of hybrid structure in antibacterial applications and indicates ET as a novel effective antibacterial mechanism for semiconductor materials,which provides insights into the design of next-generation antibacterial materials.
基金Financial supports from Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos. 41273095 and 40203011)Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(No. 2008085MD111)the University Synergy Innovation Program of Anhui Province(No. GXXT-2020075)
文摘As a common practice in agricultural system,straw return has been reported to release a large number of trace gases and attractedmuch attention.However,the role of straw return in toluene emission remains poorly understood.In this study we measured the emissions of toluene as well as other 50 volatile organic compounds(VOCs)from wheat straw return for 66 days under flooded and non-flooded conditions,respectively.The results showed that substantial toluene was released from the returned wheat straw particularly under flooded condition,and primarily derived from the secondary product.Toluene emissions from the returned wheat straw were 36.8 and 8.45 mg C/kg,sharing 28.0%and 8.6%of total VOCs released,and over 90% of toluene emissions occurred between days 24-56 and 0-17 under flooded and non-flooded conditions,respectively.The emission rates of toluene were relatively high but decreased sharply at the beginning 2 days,and then was steady until 24 days under the two moisture conditions.After the initial decrease these rose again to form one“peak emission window”between days 24-56 under flooded condition,while these were still very low and steady until the end under non-flooded condition.The toluene emission rates significantly positively correlated with microbial biomass C under flooded condition,but negatively associated with bacteria and fungus number,microbial biomass C,and CO_(2) flux under non-flooded condition,suggesting that microorganism might play an important role in toluene emissions from wheat straw return.A rough estimate indicated that straw return might be important for biogenic toluene.
文摘多毛类环节动物是海洋底栖生物群落的重要类群之一,在海洋生物监测、海水养殖、底栖食物链网、生态评估和生态修复中起着重要的作用。本文根据我国学者首篇记述中国海域多毛类物种文献、首次发表新种文献和首篇博士论文的年份,将中国海域多毛类环节动物物种多样性研究分为3个阶段。第一阶段(1933–1961年)我国学者尚未发现新种,但记述了几十种多毛类;第二阶段(1962–2007年)发现了49新种,但没有专门的博士和硕士学位论文;第三阶段(2008–2022年)发现了120新种,有博士和硕士学位论文。从1933年至2022年,我国学者发现的新种和新记录种数量呈上升趋势,但在不同时间段,特别是在第二阶段有较大波动。目前,我国多毛类物种多样性研究存在一些科、属、种的分类地位存疑,一些科、属的分类亟待研究,一些新种未被世界海洋物种目录(World Register of Marine Species)接受等问题。鉴于存在的问题,本文建议在我国加强多毛类数据库建设,加强多毛类物种多样性、遗传多样性和环境DNA研究。
基金supported by the Key R&D Program of Zhejiang Province of China(No.2020C01126)and the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFB0401305).
文摘Silver nanowire(AgNW)has become one of the best candidates for flexible transparent electromagnetic(EMI)shielding materials,while the low corrosion resistance of AgNW hinders its application in environments with high content of corrosive substances.Herein,an AgNW/poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)/poly(styrene sulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)@nickel electrode was prepared through ultrasonic spray coating and electroplating methods.PEDOT:PSS is sprayed to improve the conductivity of the AgNW network,and a 9.8-16.5 nm Ni layer is deposited on the AgNW/PEDOT:PSS to protect the AgNWs from corrosion.The AgNW/PEDOT:PSS@Ni electrode shows a sheet resistance of 29 U·sq^(-1),a transmittance of 78.18%,an average EMI shielding efficiency of 19.64 dB and excellent corrosion resistance in Na2S solution.The resultant AgNW/PEDOT:PSS@Ni electrode is promisingly used in high corrosion resistance transparent EMI shielding film.
基金financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51433002 and 51773073)HUST peak boarding program+1 种基金the National Science Foundation (NSF) of Hubei Scientific Committee (2016CFA001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2019kfy RCPY089)
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11725211,52005505,and 62001502)Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province(Grant No.CX20200023).
文摘The thermal issue is of great importance during the layout design of heat source components in systems engineering,especially for high functional-density products.Thermal analysis requires complex simulation,which leads to an unaffordable computational burden to layout optimization as it iteratively evaluates different schemes.Surrogate modeling is an effective method for alleviating computation complexity.However,the temperature field prediction(TFP)with complex heat source layout(HSL)input is an ultra-high dimensional nonlinear regression problem,which brings great difficulty to traditional regression models.The deep neural network(DNN)regression method is a feasible way for its good approximation performance.However,it faces great challenges in data preparation for sample diversity and uniformity in the layout space with physical constraints and proper DNN model selection and training for good generality,which necessitates the efforts of layout designers and DNN experts.To advance this cross-domain research,this paper proposes a DNN-based HSL-TFP surrogate modeling task benchmark.With consideration for engineering applicability,sample generation,dataset evaluation,DNN model,and surrogate performance metrics are thoroughly investigated.Experiments are conducted with ten representative state-of-the-art DNN models.A detailed discussion on baseline results is provided,and future prospects are analyzed for DNN-based HSL-TFP tasks.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin Municipality (No.18JCYBJC21200)。
文摘Anodic electrocatalyst plays the co re role in direct alcohol fuel cells(DAFCs),while traditional Pt-catalysts suffer from limited catalytic activity,high over potential and severe CO poisoning.Herein,by selectively depositing Rh atoms on the defective-sites of Pt nanowires(NWs),we developed a new Pt@Rh NW electrocatalyst that exhibited enhanced electrocatalytic performance for both methanol oxidation(MOR)and ethanol oxidation(EOR).Both cyclic voltammetry(CV) and in-situ infrared spectroscopy revealed that the presence of Rh atoms suppressed the generation of poisonous intermediates and completely oxidized alcohols molecule into CO2.Atomic resolusion spherical aberration corrected high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy(CS-HAADF-STEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS) mapping analysis revealed that Rh atoms were primarily deposited on the defective sites of Pt NWs.Meanwhile,the presence of Rh atoms also modified the electronic state of Pt atoms and therefore lowered the onset potential for alcohols oxidation potential.This work gives the first clear clue on the role of the defective sites of Pt nanocatalyst poisoning,and propose that selectively blocking these sites with trace amount of Rh is an effective strategy in designing advantageous electrocatalysts.
