SoyOmics:A deeply integrated database on soybean multi-omics

Dear Editor,As one of the most important crops to supply the majority of plant oil and protein for the whole world,soybean is facing an increasing global demand.The reference genome of accession"Williams82"opened the gate of genomics research in soybean(Schmutz et al.,2010).After that,vast multi-omics data were generated,thereby providing valuable resources for functional study and molecular breeding.Parts of these data have been collected in different soybean databases(see details in Supplemental Table 1),such as Soybase(Grant et al.,2010)and SoyKB(Joshi et al.,2012),which made valuable efforts to facilitate the wide utility of these data.Nevertheless,these existing databases poorly tackled multi-omics data integration and interactivity for soybean,provoking tremendous challenges for researchers to deal with these big omics data,particularly considering the unprecedented rate of data growth(Yang et al.,2021).Thus,constructing an integrated multi-omics database for soybean that provides a one-stop solution for big data mining with friendly interactivity is highly desired.

肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞在实体肿瘤中作用的研究进展

肿瘤是21世纪威胁人类健康的主要疾患之一。临床上,实体瘤治疗仍以手术切除、放化疗和靶向治疗为主,但这些方法往往不能根除肿瘤病灶,易导致肿瘤复发和进展。肿瘤免疫治疗是利用人体的免疫系统,通过增强或恢复抗肿瘤免疫力实现控制和杀伤肿瘤的一种新的治疗模式。肿瘤免疫治疗能够在众多患者中产生持久反应,过继性免疫治疗和免疫检查点阻断剂治疗均可产生显著的抗原特异性免疫反应。肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞(TILs)是一种存在于肿瘤组织内部具有高度异质性的淋巴细胞,在宿主抗原特异性肿瘤免疫应答中发挥关键作用。最新研究表明,在肿瘤发生和治疗过程中,TILs的亚群组成和数量与患者预后密切相关;抗肿瘤的TILs介导的过继性免疫治疗方法已在多种实体瘤中取得了良好的疗效。文中就实体肿瘤中TILs的研究进展作一综述。

Hybrid speciation via inheritance of alternate alleles of parental isolating genes

It is increasingly realized that homoploid hybrid speciation(HHS),which involves no change in chromosome number,is an important mechanism of speciation.HHS will likely increase in frequency as ecological and geographical barriers between species are continuing to be disrupted by human activities.HHS requires the establishment of reproductive isolation between a hybrid and its parents,but the underlying genes and genetic mechanisms remain largely unknown.In this study,we reveal by integrated approaches that reproductive isolation originates in one homoploid hybrid plant species through the inheritance of altemate alleles at genes that determine parental premating isolation.The parent species of this hybrid species are reproductively isolated by differences in flowering time and survivorship on soils containing high concentrations of iron.We found that the hybrid species inherits alleles of parental isolating major genes related to flowering time from one parent and alleles of major genes related to iron tolerance from the other parent.In this way,it became reproductively isolated from one parent by the difference in flowering time and from the other by habitat adaptation(iron tolerance).These findings and further modeling results suggest that HHS may occur relatively easily via the inheritance of alternate parental premating isolating genes and barriers.

The Shock Response and Spall Mechanism of Mg-Al-Zn Alloy:Molecular Dynamics Study

Shock responses of Mg-Al-Zn alloy are investigated by the molecular dynamics(MD)method.The wave propagation,plastic deformation behavior and failure mechanism along the[0001]and[1010]orientations are analyzed.For both orientations,simulation results show that the shock wave has an obvious double-wave structure(plastic-elastic)under a piston velocity of 1200 m/s.A higher Hugoniot elastic limit(HEL)is observed for[0001]-oriented shock.When the shock pressure is along the[1010]direction,the distance between plastic and elastic waves is closer,and higher dislocation density and more twins are observed.Moreover,the spall strength for[1010]-oriented shock is predicted to be higher.In addition,the wave interactions,HEL and spall strength predicted for Mg-Al-Zn alloy are compared with the experimental results and MD simulation results of Mg single crystal in the literature.It is concluded that the shock performance of Mg-Al-Zn is better than that of Mg single crystal.

A multivalent biparatopic EGFR-targeting nanobody drug conjugate displays potent anticancer activity in solid tumor models

Dear Editor,The epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR),one member of the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases,has been implicated in various epithelial malignancies.As a clinically validated target,both small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors and antibody-based drugs have been approved by regulatory agencies.Anti-EGFR antibodyci rug conjugates(ADCs)could kill target tumor cells irrespective of EGFR signaling.However,cancer patients treated with EGFR-targeted antibody therapy eventually develop acquired epitope substitutions such as S492R,G465R,G465E,and 1491M.

Highly sensitive detection of daminozide using terahertz metamaterial sensors

In order to solve the problems of low sensitivity and complex sample pretreatment in traditional detection,a method was proposed in this study to detect daminozide using terahertz combined with a metamaterial sensor,which enables real-time and label-free molecular detection with high sensitivity.The correlation between the transmission frequency shift and absorbance of daminozide solution at different concentrations was analyzed.The simulation and experimental results showed that this metamaterial sensor could achieve highly sensitive sensing of daminozide solutions at 0.05 mg/L.The maximum quality factor(Q_(max))of the two peaks could reach 5.78 and 13.05,and the maximum figure of merit(FOM)of the two peaks can reach 0.82 and 1.72.The maximum sensitivity of two resonance peaks reached 38.148 GHz/(mg·L)and 133.516 GHz/(mg·L)when the concentration of daminozide in the solution was 2000 mg/L.There was an obvious positive correlation between the transmission and transmission,frequency shift and frequency shift,and absorbance and absorbance of the resonance peak of daminozide solutions.Therefore,this platform not only opens up new possibilities for the microanalysis of the chemical composition of substances in solutions but also provides a valuable reference for the design of other metamaterial-based sensors in the field of food safety.

Molecular signatures of parallel adaptive divergence causing reproductive isolation and speciation across two genera

Parallel evolution of reproductive isolation(PERI)provides strong evidence for natural selection playing a fundamental role in the origin of species.However,PERI has been rarely demonstrated for well established species drawn from different genera.In particular,parallel molecular signatures for the same genes in response to similar habitat divergence in such different lineages is lacking.Here,based on whole-genome sequencing data.