With the annual increases in the morbidity and mortality rates of tumors,the use of biomarkers for early diagnosis and real-time monitoring of tumor cells is of great importance.Biomarkers used for tumor cell detectio...With the annual increases in the morbidity and mortality rates of tumors,the use of biomarkers for early diagnosis and real-time monitoring of tumor cells is of great importance.Biomarkers used for tumor cell detection in body fluids include circulating tumor cells,nucleic acids,protein markers,and extracellular vesicles.Among them,circulating tumor cells,circulating tumor DNA,and exosomes have high potential for the prediction,diagnosis,and prognosis of tumor diseases due to the large amount of valuable information on tumor characteristics and evolution;in addition,in situ monitoring of telomerase and miRNA in living cells has been the topic of extensive research to understand tumor development in real time.Various techniques,such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays,immunoblotting,and mass spectrometry,have been widely used for the detection of these markers.Among them,the detection of tumor cell markers in body fluids based on electrochemical biosensors and fluorescence signal analysis is highly preferred because of its high sensitivity,rapid detection and portable operation.Herein,we summarize recent research progress in the detection of tumor cell biomarkers in body fluids using electrochemical and fluorescence biosensors,outline the current research status of in situ fluorescence monitoring and the analysis of tumor markers in living cells,and discuss the technical challenges for their practical clinical application to provide a reference for the development of new tumor marker detection methods.展开更多
Regulation of chemical composition and nanostructure, such as the introduction of dopant into two-dimensional nanomaterials, is a general and valid strategy for the efficient electrocatalyst design. In this work, Co_(...Regulation of chemical composition and nanostructure, such as the introduction of dopant into two-dimensional nanomaterials, is a general and valid strategy for the efficient electrocatalyst design. In this work, Co_(4)S_(3)/Co_(9)S_(8) nanosheets, with an ultrathin layer structure, were successfully synthesized via an efficient solvothermal process combined with ultrasonic exfoliation. Different metal ions (M = Fe^(3+), Cr^(3+), Mn^(2+) and Ni^(2+)) were then doped by a simple cation exchange method and the effects of different dopants on the OER activities of Co_(4)S_(3)/Co_(9)S_(8) NS were further investigated in alkaline media. The corresponding results implied that M-doped Co_(4)S_(3)/Co_(9)S_(8) NS (M = Fe^(3+), Cr^(3+), Mn^(2+) and Ni^(2+)) exhibited different electrocatalytic properties. Evidenced by XPS spectra, the different OER activities were mainly aroused by the redistribution of charge at the interface due to an electronic interaction between the doped metal ions and Co_(4)S_(3)/Co_(9)S_(8) NS.展开更多
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.62073299,no.61971294)the Project of Central Plains Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talents(no.224200510026).
文摘With the annual increases in the morbidity and mortality rates of tumors,the use of biomarkers for early diagnosis and real-time monitoring of tumor cells is of great importance.Biomarkers used for tumor cell detection in body fluids include circulating tumor cells,nucleic acids,protein markers,and extracellular vesicles.Among them,circulating tumor cells,circulating tumor DNA,and exosomes have high potential for the prediction,diagnosis,and prognosis of tumor diseases due to the large amount of valuable information on tumor characteristics and evolution;in addition,in situ monitoring of telomerase and miRNA in living cells has been the topic of extensive research to understand tumor development in real time.Various techniques,such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays,immunoblotting,and mass spectrometry,have been widely used for the detection of these markers.Among them,the detection of tumor cell markers in body fluids based on electrochemical biosensors and fluorescence signal analysis is highly preferred because of its high sensitivity,rapid detection and portable operation.Herein,we summarize recent research progress in the detection of tumor cell biomarkers in body fluids using electrochemical and fluorescence biosensors,outline the current research status of in situ fluorescence monitoring and the analysis of tumor markers in living cells,and discuss the technical challenges for their practical clinical application to provide a reference for the development of new tumor marker detection methods.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21671179, 21705117, 21904120 and62073299)Henan Province Science and Technology Programs (Nos.202102210045 and 212102310858)Program for Innovative Research Team (in Science and Technology) in University of Henan Province (No. 20IRTSTHN017)。
文摘Regulation of chemical composition and nanostructure, such as the introduction of dopant into two-dimensional nanomaterials, is a general and valid strategy for the efficient electrocatalyst design. In this work, Co_(4)S_(3)/Co_(9)S_(8) nanosheets, with an ultrathin layer structure, were successfully synthesized via an efficient solvothermal process combined with ultrasonic exfoliation. Different metal ions (M = Fe^(3+), Cr^(3+), Mn^(2+) and Ni^(2+)) were then doped by a simple cation exchange method and the effects of different dopants on the OER activities of Co_(4)S_(3)/Co_(9)S_(8) NS were further investigated in alkaline media. The corresponding results implied that M-doped Co_(4)S_(3)/Co_(9)S_(8) NS (M = Fe^(3+), Cr^(3+), Mn^(2+) and Ni^(2+)) exhibited different electrocatalytic properties. Evidenced by XPS spectra, the different OER activities were mainly aroused by the redistribution of charge at the interface due to an electronic interaction between the doped metal ions and Co_(4)S_(3)/Co_(9)S_(8) NS.
