The Activity of AQP9 Is Mediated MAPK in Arsenic-Treated Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background: Arsenic metabolism is primarily undergoing in hepatocytes, but the underlying mechanisms are to be defined. It is essential to study the response of aquaporin AQP9, protein kinase p38, and JNK with the stimulation of arsenic in mouse models of hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: Mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was induced with H22 cells injected subcutaneously on the lateral side of each right axilla in C57BL/6 mice. Then, western blotting and co-immunoprecipitation were used to detect the protein expression and phosphorylation of molecules AQP9, p38 and JNK in mouse models of hepatocellular carcinoma, respectively. The hepatocellular distribution of AQP9 was examined by the immunofluorescent method. Results: In both wild mice and a mouse model of liver tumor, there was no significant difference in the expressions of AQP9, protein kinase p38, and JNK after arsenic treatment, but the phosphorylation expression levels of the three were significantly increased to varying degrees, and the tumor model Compared with the wild-type group, the expression increased. Laser confocal experiments showed that in HepG2 cells, phosphorylated AQP9 was mainly distributed on the cell membrane under the stimulation of arsenic. Conclusion: Arsenic stimulation can increase the phosphorylation of AQP9, p38, and JNK in both wild-type C57 mice and liver tumor mice models. Arsenic stimulation facilitates phosphorylated-AQP9 predominantly distributed on the cell membrane of hepatoma cells HepG2.

Utilizing dual-pathway energy transfer in upconversion nanoconjugates for reinforced photodynamic therapy

Enhancing the therapeutic effect of existing treatments or developing new non-invasive treatments are important measures to achieve high-efficiency treatment of malignant tumors.Photodynamic therapy(PDT)is an emerging treatment modality,and the key for achieving high-efficiency PDT is to select light with strong tissue penetration depth and enhance the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS).Although the upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs)modified with the photosensitizers could achieve PDT with strong penetration depth under near-infrared light irradiation,the ROS generated by traditional single-pathway PDT is still insufficient.Herein,we developed a novel nanoconjugate(UCNP-Ce6/AIEgen)for dual-pathway reinforced PDT,in which the UCNPs were co-modified with chlorin e6(Ce6)and luminogen with aggregation-induced emission(AIEgen).Due to the presence of AIEgen,UCNP-Ce6/AIEgen could avoid aggregation-caused luminescence quenching in biological water environments and convert upconversion luminescence(UCL)of UCNPs to Ce6-activatable fluorescence.Therefore,under the irradiation of 808 nm laser,UCNP-Ce6/AIEgen can not only undergo direct lanthanide-triplet energy transfer to activate Ce6,but also convert the UCL of UCNPs to the light that can activate Ce6 through Fӧrster resonance energy transfer to generate more ROS,thus promoting tumor cell apoptosis.This work broadens the applications of nanoconjugates of lanthanide-based inorganic materials and organic dyes,and provides a conception for reinforced PDT of tumors.

四时闲雅——节气时序中的传统陈设

中国传统生活遵循着民间二十四节气的时间表有序展开着各类活动,其中深受古人推崇的“生活四艺”,即焚香、插花、点茶、挂画,与大自然有着千丝万缕的联系,并在其发展的过程中呈现出受自然节律影响的造物思维方式。本文通过对古人生活四艺中所使用的陈设器物进行分析,结合中国古代文献中所描绘的生活场景,挖掘古人起居活动中各个陈设器物设计的表现特点,并引入现代室内设计中的“形意场”概念,总结出在节气时序影响中传统陈设器物的设计思维规律。

Conformally flat Lorentzian hypersurfaces in R_1~4 with three distinct principal curvatures

A three dimensional Lorentzian hypersurface x : M_1~3→ R_1~4 is called conformally flat if its induced metric is conformal to the flat Lorentzian metric, and this property is preserved under the conformal transformation of R_1~4. Using the projective light-cone model, for those whose shape operators have three distinct real eigenvalues, we calculate the integrability conditions by constructing a scalar conformal invariant and a canonical moving frame in this paper. Similar to the Riemannian case, these hypersurfaces can be determined by the solutions to some system of partial differential equations.

Realization of palladium-based optomechanical cantilever hydrogen sensor

Hydrogen has attracted attention as an alternative fuel source and as an energy storage medium.However,the flammability of hydrogen at low concentrations makes it a safety concern.Thus,gas concentration measurements are a vital safety issue.Here we present the experimental realization of a palladium thin film cantilever optomechanical hydrogen gas sensor.We measured the instantaneous shape of the cantilever to nanometer-level accuracy using diffraction phase microscopy.Thus,we were able to quantify changes in the curvature of the cantilever as a function of hydrogen concentration and observed that the sensor’s minimum detection limit was well below the 250 p.p.m.limit of our test equipment.Using the change in curvature versus the hydrogen curve for calibration,we accurately determined the hydrogen concentrations for a random sequence of exposures.In addition,we calculated the change in film stress as a function of hydrogen concentration and observed a greater sensitivity at lower concentrations.

Pursuing the goal of carbon neutrality in China:path for realization of carbon sequestration in planted forests

Tree plantations are an important forest resource that substantively contributes to climate change mitigation and carbon sequestration.As the area and standing volume of tree plantations in China have increased,issues such as unreasonable structure,low productivity,limited ecological functionality and diminishing ecological stability have occurred,which hinder the ability of tree plantations to enhance carbon sequestration.This study outlined the trajectory of carbon sequestration and its associated benefits in tree plantations by examining the current state of tree plantation establishment and growth,elucidated the strategies for advantages of carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation in planted forests,and summarized the existing problems with tree plantations.This paper underscores the pressing need for concerted efforts to boost carbon sequestration within planted forests and proposes management and development strategies for Chinese tree plantations.In the future,it will be necessary to apply scientific theories to practice and develop multi-objective management optimization models for the high-quality development of tree plantations.This will involve establishing a cohesive national carbon trading market,improving the prediction of carbon sequestration,and identifying priority zones for afforestation and reforestation,to better serve China’s national strategy for achieving peak carbon and carbon neutrality.