Naringin ameliorates H_(2)O_(2)-induced oxidative damage in cells and prolongs the lifespan of female Drosophila melanogaster via the insulin signaling pathway

Naringin exists in a wide range of Chinese herbal medicine and has proven to possess several pharmacological properties.In this study,PC12,HepG2 cells,and female Drosophila melanogaster were used to investigate the antioxidative and anti-aging effects of naringin and explore the underlying mechanisms.The results showed that naringin inhibited H_(2)O_(2)-induced decline in cell viability and decreased,the content of reactive oxygen species in cells.Meanwhile,naringin prolonged the lifespan of flies,enhanced the abilities of climbing and the resistance to stress,improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes,and decreased malondialdehyde content.Naringin also improved intestinal barrier dysfunction and reduced abnormal proliferation of intestinal stem cells.Moreover,naringin down-regulated the mRNA expressions of inr,chico,pi 3k,and akt-1,and up-regulated the mRNA expressions of dilp2,dilp3,dilp5,and foxo,thereby activating autophagy-related genes and increasing the number of lysosomes.Furthermore,the mutant stocks assays and computer molecular simulation results further indicated that naringin delayed aging by inhibiting the insulin signaling(IIS)pathway and activating the autophagy pathway,which was consistent with the result of network pharmacological predictions.

Kinetic Limits of Graphite Anode for Fast‑Charging Lithium‑Ion Batteries

Fast-charging lithium-ion batteries are highly required,especially in reducing the mileage anxiety of the widespread electric vehicles.One of the biggest bottlenecks lies in the sluggish kinetics of the Li^(+)intercalation into the graphite anode;slow intercalation will lead to lithium metal plating,severe side reactions,and safety concerns.The premise to solve these problems is to fully understand the reaction pathways and rate-determining steps of graphite during fast Li^(+)intercalation.Herein,we compare the Li^(+)diffusion through the graphite particle,interface,and electrode,uncover the structure of the lithiated graphite at high current densities,and correlate them with the reaction kinetics and electrochemical performances.It is found that the rate-determining steps are highly dependent on the particle size,interphase property,and electrode configuration.Insufficient Li^(+)diffusion leads to high polarization,incomplete intercalation,and the coexistence of several staging structures.Interfacial Li^(+)diffusion and electrode transportation are the main rate-determining steps if the particle size is less than 10μm.The former is highly dependent on the electrolyte chemistry and can be enhanced by constructing a fluorinated interphase.Our findings enrich the understanding of the graphite structural evolution during rapid Li^(+)intercalation,decipher the bottleneck for the sluggish reaction kinetics,and provide strategic guidelines to boost the fast-charging performance of graphite anode.

Regulated electronic structure and improved electrocatalytic performances of S-doped FeWO4 for rechargeable zinc-air batteries

The exploration of active and long-lived oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)catalysts for the commercialization of zinc-air batteries are of immense significance but challenging.Herein,the sulfur doped FeWO_(4)embedded in the multi-dimensional nitrogen-doped carbon structure(S-FeWO_(4)/NC)was successfully synthesized.The doped S atoms optimized the charge distribution in FeWO_(4)and enhanced the intrinsic activity.At the same time,S doping accelerated the formation of reaction intermediates during the adsorption reduction of O_(2)on the surface of S-FeWO_(4)/NC.Accordingly,the S-FeWO_(4)/NC catalyst showed more positive half-wave potential(0.85 V)and better stability than that of the FeWO_(4)/NC catalyst.Furthermore,the S-FeWO_(4)/NC-based zinc-air battery exhibited considerable power density of 150.3m W cm^(-2),high specific capacity of 912.7 m A h g^(-1),and prominent cycle stability up to 220 h.This work provides an assistance to the development of cheap and efficient tungsten-based oxygen reduction catalysts and the promotion of its application in the zinc-air battery.

在4H晶相Au纳米带上外延生长非常规晶相4H-Pd基合金纳米结构用于高效甲醇电催化氧化

Pd基合金纳米材料通常具有传统的面心立方(fcc)晶相。本文以密排六方4H相Au(4H-Au)纳米带为模板,外延生长非常规4H晶相的PdFe、PdIr和PdRu,形成4H-Au@PdM(M=Fe、Ir和Ru)核壳合金纳米带。合成的4H-Au@PdFe纳米带被用于碱性环境中甲醇电催化氧化反应(MOR)的催化剂,表现出优越的质量活性(3.69 A·mgPd^(−1)),分别为Pt/C和Pd黑催化剂质量活性的2.4和10.5倍,也跻身于最好的Pd基和Pt基MOR电催化剂之列。这一策略为合理设计和可控合成具有非常规晶相的多金属纳米结构提供了策略,从而为深入研究多金属纳米结构晶相依赖的性质和应用提供了可能。

Localized-domains staging structure and evolution in lithiated graphite

Intercalation provides to the host materials a means for controlled variation of many physical/chemical properties and dominates the reactions in metal‐ion batteries.Of particular interest is the graphite intercalation compounds with intriguing staging structures,which however are still unclear,especially in their nanostructure and dynamic transition mechanism.Herein,the nature of the staging structure and evolution of the lithium(Li)‐intercalated graphite was revealed by cryogenic‐transmission electron microscopy and other methods at the nanoscale.The intercalated Li‐ions distribute unevenly,generating local stress and dislocations in the graphitic structure.Each staging compound is found macroscopically ordered but microscopically inhomogeneous,exhibiting a localized‐domains structural model.Our findings uncover the correlation between the long‐range ordered structure and short‐range domains,refresh the insights on the staging structure and transition of Li‐intercalated/deintercalated graphite,and provide effective ways to enhance the reaction kinetic in rechargeable batteries by defect engineering.

Doping of group IVB elements for nickel-rich cobalt-free cathodes

Hetero-element doping is a promising strategy to improve the cycling stability of nickel-rich cobalt-free cathodes for the next-generation high energy-density Li ion batteries.To make doping effective,it is important to understand the mechanism of how the dopants regulate the electronic band,lattice parameter adjusting,or hetero-phase formation to achieve high stability.In this study,we investigate LiNi_(0.9)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)cathodes doped with IVB grouping elements via multiple characterization techniques.By utilizing in situ XRD and TEM methods,we found that the stronger Ti-O bond effectively improves the cathode stability via a dual protection mechanism.Specifically,the bulk lattice of cathode is wellpreserved during cycling as a result of the suppressed H_(2)-H_(3)phase transition,while a in situ formed Ti-rich surface layer can prevent continuous surface degradation.As a result,the 5%Ti doped LiNi_(0.9)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)cathode exhibits a high capacity retention of 96%after 100 cycles.Whereas,despite IVB group elements Zr and Hf have stronger bonding energy with oxygen,their larger ionic radii actually impede their diffusion into the cathode,thereby they can not improve the cycling stability.Our findings uncover the functional origin of doped elements with their dynamic modification on cathode structure,providing mechanistic insights into the design of nickel-rich cobalt-free cathodes.

SUMO1 regulates post-infarct cardiac repair based on cellular heterogeneity

Small ubiquitin-related modifier(SUMOylation)is a dynamic post-translational modification that maintains cardiac function and can protect against a hypertrophic response to cardiac pressure overload.However,the function of SUMOylation after myocardial infarction(MI)and the molecular details of heart cell responses to SUMO1 deficiency have not been determined.In this study,we demonstrated that SUMO1 protein was inconsistently abundant in different cell types and heart regions after MI.However,SUMO1 knockout significantly exacerbated systolic dysfunction and infarct size after myocardial injury.Single-nucleus RNA sequencing revealed the differential role of SUMO1 in regulating heart cells.Among cardiomyocytes,SUMO1 deletion increased the Nppa^(+)Nppb^(+)Ankrd1^(+)cardiomyocyte subcluster pro-portion after MI.In addition,the conversion of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts subclusters was inhibited in SUMO1 knockout mice.Importantly,SUMO1 loss promoted proliferation of endothelial cell subsets with the ability to reconstitute neovascularization and expressed angiogenesis-related genes.Computational analysis of ligand/receptor interactions suggested putative pathways that mediate cardiomyocytes to endothelial cell communication in the myocardium.Mice preinjected with cardiomyocyte-specific AAV-SUMO1,but not the endothelial cell-specific form,and exhibited ameliorated cardiac remodeling following MI.Collectively,our results identified the role of SUMO1 in cardiomyocytes,fibroblasts,and endothelial cells after MI.These findings provide new insights into SUMO1 involvement in the patho-genesis of MI and reveal novel therapeutic targets.

Experimental Realization of an Intrinsic Magnetic Topological Insulator

An intrinsic magnetic topological insulator(TI) is a stoichiometric magnetic compound possessing both inherent magnetic order and topological electronic states. Such a material can provide a shortcut to various novel topological quantum effects but remained elusive experimentally for a long time. Here we report the experimental realization of thin films of an intrinsic magnetic TI, MnBi2Te4, by alternate growth of a Bi2Te3 quintuple layer and a MnTe bilayer with molecular beam epitaxy. The material shows the archetypical Dirac surface states in angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and is demonstrated to be an antiferromagnetic topological insulator with ferromagnetic surfaces by magnetic and transport measurements as well as first-principles calculations. The unique magnetic and topological electronic structures and their interplays enable the material to embody rich quantum phases such as quantum anomalous Hall insulators and axion insulators at higher temperature and in a well-controlled way.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor induces neuron-like cellular differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells derived from human umbilical cord blood cells in vitro

Human umbilical cord blood was collected from full-term deliveries scheduled for cesarean section. Mononuclear cells were isolated, amplified and induced as mesenchymal stem cells. Isolated mesenchymal stem cells tested positive for the marker CD29, CD44 and CD105 and negative for typical hematopoietic and endothelial markers. Following treatment with neural induction medium containing brain-derived neurotrophic factor for 7 days, the adherent cells exhibited neuron-like cellular morphology. Immunohistochemical staining and reverse transcription-PCR revealed that the induced mesenchymal stem cells expressed the markers for neuron-specific enolase and neurofilament. The results demonstrated that human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into neuron-like cells induced by brain-derived neurotrophic factor in vitro.

A Novel MDFA-MKECA Method With Application to Industrial Batch Process Monitoring

For the complex batch process with characteristics of unequal batch data length,a novel data-driven batch process monitoring method is proposed based on mixed data features analysis and multi-way kernel entropy component analysis(MDFA-MKECA)in this paper.Combining the mechanistic knowledge,different mixed data features of each batch including statistical and thermodynamics entropy features,are extracted to finish data pre-processing.After that,MKECA is applied to reduce data dimensionality and finally establish a monitoring model.The proposed method is applied to a reheating furnace industry process,and the experimental results demonstrate that the MDFA-MKECA method can reduce the calculated amount and effectively provide on-line monitoring of the batch process.

Up-regulation of SEPT7 Gene Inhibits Migration and Invasion of Human Glioma Cells in vitro and in vivo

The aim of this study was to explore the potential role of SEPT7 in glioma cell invasion. From in vitro experiments, we observed that the migratory and invasive abilities were inhibited in human glioblastoma U251MG and TJ899 cells after transfection with SEPT7 recombinant adenovirus constructs (Ad-SEPT7) as evaluated by Transwell assay, 3D Matrigel growth, 2D Matrigel growth and scratch assays. We further investigated the molecular events associated with the alteration of cell migration and invasion by immunohistochemistry and immuno uores-cence staining, Western blot and laser scanning confocal micros-copy analyses, and found the decreased expression of MMP2, MMP9, MT1-MMP and integrin αvβ3, increased expression of TIMP1 and TIMP2, and redistribution of intracellular cytoskel-eton tubulin-α. From in vivo study, it was demonstrated that the tumor growth rate in nude mice bearing xenograft subcutaneous U251 gliomas treated with Ad-SEPT7 was signi cantly slowed during the observation period of 4 weeks and the tumor volumes were much smaller than those in control and empty vector treated group. The expression of MMP2, MMP9, MT1-MMP and integrin αvβ3 was markedly inhibited while the expression of SEPT7, TIMP1, TIMP2 was upregulated in tumors treated with Ad-SEPT7. Taken together, these results suggest that SEPT7 plays an important role in glioma cell invasion and growth and it may be a candidate target for gene therapy of invasive gliomas.

Pd single atoms cooperate with S vacancies in ZnIn_(2)S_(4) nanosheets for photocatalytic pure-water splitting

Photocatalytic water splitting has emerged as a new frontier for converting solar energy to green H_(2) and value-added chemicals.Nevertheless,great challenges still remain for developing efficient photocatalysts for pure water splitting without sacrificial agents.In this work,we demonstrate that doping hexagonal ZnIn_(2)S_(4)(ZIS) with Pd single atoms(Pd_(0.03)/ZIS) can serve as a highly efficient photocatalyst for pure water splitting to simultaneously produce H_(2) and H_(2)O_(2) without any sacrificial agents.Results from aberration-corrected high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy,X-ray fine spectroscopy,insitu electron paramagnetic resonance and diffuse Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy reveal that doping ZIS with Pd single atoms facilitates the formation of S vacancies(S_(v)),where the photogenerated electrons can transfer to Pd single atoms,as a result of enhanced separation of electron-hole pairs and improved photocatalytic performance.Impressively,Pd_(0.03)/ZIS displays a stoichiometric ratio of H_(2) and H_(2)O_(2) with the productivity of 1,037.9 and 1,021.4μmol g^(-1)h^(-1),respectively,which has largely outperformed pure ZIS and other reported catalysts for pure water splitting.This work provides an efficient photocatalyst for water splitting to produce H_(2) and H_(2)O_(2),which may attract rapid interest in materials science,chemistry,and heterogeneous catalysis.

High-Performance H_(2) Photosynthesis from Pure Water over Ru−S Charge Transfer Channels

As a versatile energy carrier,H_(2) is considered as one of the most promising sources of clean energy to tackle the current energy crisis and environmental concerns,which can be produced from photocatalytic water splitting.However,solar-driven photocatalytic H_(2) production from pure water in the absence of sacrificial reagents remains a great challenge.Herein,we demonstrate that the incorporation of Ru single atoms(SAs)into ZnIn_(2)S_(4)(Ru-ZIS)can enhance the light absorption,reduce the energy barriers for water dissociation,and construct a channel(Ru-S)for separating photogenerated electron−hole pairs,as a result of a significantly enhanced photocatalytic water splitting process.Impressively,the productivity of H_(2) reaches 735.2μmol g^(-1) h^(-1) under visible light irradiation in the absence of sacrificial agents.The apparent quantum efficiency(AQE)for H_(2) evolution reaches 7.5% at 420 nm,with a solarto-hydrogen(STH)efficiency of 0.58%,which is much higher than the value of natural synthetic plants(~0.10%).Moreover,Ru-ZIS exhibits steady productivity of H_(2) even after exposure to ambient conditions for 330 days.This work provides a unique strategy for constructing charge transfer channels to promote the separation of photogenerated electron−hole pairs,which may motivate the fundamental researches on catalyst design for photocatalysis and beyond.

改良CT血管造影术辅助基于浅筋膜穿支的股前外侧皮瓣穿支评估与偏心设计的前瞻性研究

目的通过改良CT血管造影(CTA)术,探讨基于浅筋膜穿支的股前外侧皮瓣术前全程穿支评估与术中偏心设计,并观察其临床效果。方法采用前瞻性观察性研究方法。2021年1月—2022年7月,滨州医学院附属医院手(显微)外科和口腔颌面外科共收治符合入选标准的12例口腔颌面部肿瘤患者及10例上肢开放性损伤伴大面积软组织缺损患者,其中男12例、女10例;年龄33~75岁,平均56.6岁。口腔颌面部肿瘤患者均在同期行肿瘤扩大切除+根治性颈部淋巴结清扫术后采用股前外侧皮瓣重建口腔或颌面;上肢软组织缺损患者在Ⅰ期行彻底清创后,于Ⅱ期采用股前外侧皮瓣修复创面。清创后创面面积为3.5 cm×3.5 cm~25.0 cm×10.0 cm,所需皮瓣面积为4.0 cm×4.0 cm~23.0 cm×13.0 cm。术前对股前外侧皮瓣供区行改良CTA检查,改良CTA的参数设置主要为降低管电压和管电流,增加造影剂剂量及双时相扫描。将获取的图像数据上传至GE AW 4.7工作站,采用容积再现功能进行可视化重建并对全程穿支评估。术前根据前述评估进行穿支及其源动脉信息的体表标记,术中根据所需皮瓣面积及形状设计和切取以可见的浅筋膜穿支为中心的偏心皮瓣。对皮瓣供区创面行直接缝合或全厚皮片移植修复。对比改良CTA检查与传统CTA检查的总辐射剂量。统计改良CTA下双侧皮瓣供区的穿支穿出点分布及浅筋膜穿支长度、走行。将术前观测的目标穿支类型、数目、来源,穿支穿出点分布及其源动脉管径、走行、分支情况与术中进行对比。观测术后供区创面愈合、受区皮瓣成活情况。随访皮瓣质地、外观,口腔及上肢功能,股部供区功能。结果改良CTA检查的总辐射剂量小于传统CTA检查。共观察到双侧供区穿支48支,其中31支(64.6%)向外下方走行、9支(18.8%)内下方走行、6支(12.5%)外上方走行、2支(4.2%)内上方走行,浅筋膜穿支平均长度为19.94 mm。术前观测到的目标穿支来源及其源动脉管径、走行、分支与术中探查到的基本一致;术前观察到肌间隙型(含肌皮-肌间隙)穿支15支、肌皮型穿支10支,与术中探查一致;术前体表穿支穿出点标记与术中实际穿支穿出点距离为(0.38±0.11)mm。术后皮瓣均成活,无血管危象发生;5例患者植皮供区创面及17例患者直接拉拢缝合供区创面均愈合良好。术后随访2个月~1年,平均8.2个月,皮瓣质地柔软、轻度臃肿;口腔颌面部肿瘤患者的饮食、闭开口活动无障碍,舌癌患者的言语功能轻度障碍但能完成基本的语言交流,上肢软组织损伤患者腕及肘关节、前臂旋转功能无明显受限;股部供区无明显紧绷感,髋、膝关节活动无受限。结论对股前外侧皮瓣供区行改良CTA可视化重建,能够评估全程穿支,尤其是浅筋膜穿支,将该皮瓣用于重建口腔或颌面及修复上肢皮肤软组织缺损可取得良好效果。术前明确穿支类型、数目、来源以及穿支穿出点分布及其源动脉的管径、走行、分支,实现了以浅筋膜穿支整体为中心的股前外侧皮瓣偏心设计,有较强的指导价值。

Catch bond-inspired hydrogels with repeatable and loading rate-sensitive specific adhesion

Biological receptor-ligand adhesion governed by mammalian cells involves a series of mechanochemical pro-cesses that can realize reversible,loading rate-dependent specific interfacial bonding,and even exhibit a counterintuitive behavior called catch bonds that tend to have much longer lifetimes when larger pulling forces are applied.Inspired by these catch bonds,we designed a hydrogen bonding-meditated hydrogel made from acrylic acid-N-acryloyl glycinamide(AA-NAGA)copolymers and tannic acids(TA),which formed repeatable specific adhesion to polar surfaces in an ultra-fast and robust way,but hardly adhered to nonpolar materials.It demonstrated up to five-fold increase in shear adhesive strength and interfacial adhesive toughness with external loading rates varying from 5 to 500 mm min^(-1).With a mechanochemical coupling model based on Monte Carlo simulations,we quantitatively revealed the nonlinear dependence of rate-sensitive interfacial adhesion on external loading,which was in good agreement with the experimental data.Likewise,the developed hydrogels were biocompatible,possessed antioxidant and antibacterial properties and promoted wound healing.This work not only reports a stimuli-responsive hydrogel adhesive suitable for multiple biomedical applications,but also offers an innovative strategy for bionic designs of smart hydrogels with loading rate-sensitive specific adhesion for various emerging areas including flexible electronics and soft robotics.

碱金属离子诱导亚稳相钌纳米晶合成

亚稳相金属纳米晶因其优异的物理化学性质备受关注,然而如何可控合成亚稳相结构依然面临诸多挑战.本文报道了碱金属离子诱导亚稳相钌纳米晶(面心立方相)的可控合成策略.研究表明钌纳米晶结构和碱金属离子半径密切相关,因此通过改变碱金属离子实现了面心立方相和六方密堆相比例的连续调控.理论计算结果表明,碱金属的存在导致面心立方相的形成能低于六方密堆相,并且这种能量差随着碱金属离子半径的增大而增大.本工作为拓展亚稳态结构的实际应用奠定了基础.

Porous Pt nanoframes decorated with Bi(OH)3 as highly efficient and stable electrocatalyst for ethanol oxidation reaction

High-quality Pt-based catalysts are highly desirable for ethanol oxidation reaction(EOR),which is of critical importance for the commercial applications of direct ethanol fuel cells(DEFCs).However,most of the Pt-based catalysts have suffered from high cost and low operation durability.Herein a two-step method has been developed to synthesize porous Pt nanoframes decorated with Bi(OH)3,which show excellent catalytic activity and operation durability in both alkaline and acidic media.For example,the nanoframes show a mass activity of 6.87 A·mgPt−1 in alkaline media,which is 13.5-fold higher than that of commercial Pt/C.More importantly,the catalyst can be reactivated simply,which shows negligible activity loss after running for 180,000 s.Further in situ attenuated total reflection-infrared(ATR-IR)absorption spectroscopy and CO-stripping experiments indicate that surface Bi(OH)3 species can greatly facilitate the formation of adsorbed OH species and subsequently remove carbonaceous poison,resulting in a significantly enhanced stability towards EOR.This work may favor the tailoring of desired electrocatalysts with high activity and durability for future commercial application of DEFCs.

Crystal phase-controlled growth of PtCu and PtCo alloys on 4H Au nanoribbons for electrocatalytic ethanol oxidation reaction

Crystal phase can greatly affect the physicochemical properties and applications of nanomaterials.However,it stil remains a great challenge to synthesize nanostructures with the same composition and morphology but different phases in order to explore the phase-dependent properties and applications.Herein,we report the crystal phase-controlled synthesis of PtCu alloy shells on 4H Au nanoribbons(NRBs),referred to as 4H-Au NRBs,to form the 4H-Au@PtCu core-shell NRBs.By tuning the thickness of PtCu,4H-PtCu and face-centered cubic(cc)phase PICu(cc-PtCu)alloy shells are successtully grown on the 4H-Au NRB cores.This thickness-dependent phase-controlled growth strategy can also be used to grow PtCo alloys with 4H or fcc phase on 4H-Au NRBs.Significantly,when used as electrocatalysts for the ethanol oxidation reaction(EOR)in alkaline media,the 4H-Au@4H-PtCu NRBs show much better EOR performance than the 4H-Au@fcc-PtCu NRBs,and both of them possess superior performance compared to the commercial Pt black.Our study provides a strategy on phase-contolled synthesis of nanomaterials used for crystal phase-dependent applications.

Butterfly-wing hierarchical metallic glassy nanostructure for surface enhanced Raman scattering

The surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)is a technique for the detection of analytes on the surface with an ultrahigh sensitivity down to the atomic-scale,yet the fabrication of SERS materials such as nanoparticles or arrays of coinage metals often involve multiple complex steps with the high cost and pollution,largely limiting the application of SERS.Here,we report a complex hierarchical metallic glassy(MG)nanostructure by simply replicating the surface microstructure of butterfly wings through vapor deposition technique.The MG nanostructure displays an excellent SERS effect and moreover,a superhydrophobicity and self-cleaning behavior.The SERS effect of the MG nanostructure is attributed to the intrinsic nanoscale structural heterogeneities on the MG surface,which provides a large number of hotspots for the localized electromagnetic field enhancement affirmed by the finite-difference time-domain(FDTD)simulation.Our works show that the MG could be a new potential SERS material with low cost and good durability,well extending the functional application of this kind of material.