Surface-adaptive interfaces:Bioresorbable ultrasound biomedical devices for noninvasive monitoring and imaging of deep-tissue homeostasis

Homeostasis,a self-regulating process within our bodies,dynamically adjusts internal conditions to maintain equilibrium in response to external challenges.Monitoring homeostasis provides valuable pathophysiological insights for patients,particularly after surgery,while traditional clinical instruments that are capable of monitoring various physiological parameters such as body temperature,blood pressure,and blood glucose levels facilitate real-time health management for individuals and healthcare professionals.1 Nevertheless,current medical approaches for regular deep-tissue homeostasis monitoring systems confront critical obstacles,notably in terms of their invasiveness,sensitivity,and ability for continuous monitoring,including1(1)insufficiency in multimodal sensing capability at shallow depths,(2)inadequate adaptation to the shapes and contours of tissues,and(3)sluggish responses to changes in the fluid dynamics and movements of organs or tissues.Specifically,technologies like X-ray imaging,computed tomography,and biopsies,for instance,are generally cumbersome,expensive,and impractical for ongoing and real-time monitoring.Additionally,for the aforementioned techniques,a lack of sensitivity for detecting early changes in tissue homeostasis or the aptitude for efficiently tracking patient health status post-surgery is generally observed.

Wavefront shaping: A versatile tool to conquer multiple scattering in multidisciplinary fields

Optical techniques offer a wide variety of applications as light-matter interactions provide extremely sensitive mechanisms to probe or treat target media.Most of these implementations rely on the usage of ballistic or quasi-ballistic photons to achieve high spatial resolution.However,the inherent scattering nature of light in biological tissues or tissue-like scattering media constitutes a critical obstacle that has restricted the penetration depth of non-scattered photons and hence limited the implementation of most optical techniques for wider applications.In addition,the components of an optical system are usually designed and manufactured for a fixed function or performance.Recent advances in wavefront shaping have demonstrated that scattering-or component-induced phase distortions can be compensated by optimizing the wavefront of the input light pattern through iteration or by conjugating the transmission matrix of the scattering medium.

Multifunctional layered black phosphorene-based nanoplatform for disease diagnosis and treatment:a review

As an outstanding two-dimensional material,black phosphorene,has attracted significant attention in the biomedicine field due to its large surface area,strong optical absorption,distinct bioactivity,excellent biocompatibility,and high biodegradability.In this review,the preparation and properties of black phosphorene are summarized first.Thereafter,black phosphorene-based multifunctional platforms employed for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases,including cancer,bone injuries,brain diseases,progressive oxidative diseases,and kidney injury,are reviewed in detail.This review provides a better understanding of the exciting properties of black phosphorene,such as its high drug-loading efficiency,photothermal conversion capability,high'O2 generation efficiency,and high electrical conductivity,as well as how these properties can be exploited in biomedicine.Finally,the research perspectives of black phosphorene are discussed.