Membrane Separation Technology on Pharmaceutical Wastewater by Using MBR (Membrane Bioreactor)

This study demonstrated the feasibility of implementing of MBR in pharmaceutical wastewater independently, and concluded different applications of MBR in industries. Membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology was a new wastewater treatment technology with a combination of membrane separation technology and biological treatment technology, which had unique advantages on pharmaceutical wastewater treatment. The modified membrane rector design provided a significantly lower concentration of NH3-N, Phosphorous, Total Nitrogen and COD around the membranes, and subsequently a more sustainable membrane performance due to much lower overall fouling rates. In this paper, the classification and structure of biological waste water treatment by using MBR technology were summed up along with some examples of MBR in industrial wastewater treatment, which was emphatically analyzed and discussed. Finally, the prospect of MBR in industrial wastewater treatment was described. The industrial wastewater was a high-strength wastewater which had characteristics of complicated constituents, high organics concentration, highly toxic.

Ultrafast O_(2) activation by copper oxide for 2,4-dichlorophenol degradation:The size-dependent surface reactivity

This study demonstrated interesting ultrafast activation of molecular O_(2) by copper oxide(CuO)particles and very rapid elimination of aqueous 2,4-dichlo rophenol(2,4-DCP)within reaction time of 30 s.Electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)characterization indicated that·OH,Cu^(3+),^1 O_(2) and O_(2)^·-were generated in the CuO/O_(2) systems,wherein O_(2)^·-would be the main reactive species responsible for 2,4-DCP degradation.It was further found that the catalytic ability of CuO for O_(2) activation was highly size dependent and nano-CuO was far reactive than micro-CuO.H2 temperature-programmed reduction(H2-TPR),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM)analyses revealed that both the quantity and the reactivity of the surface reaction sites(surface Cu+and O_(2))could determine the catalytic ability of CuO affecting efficient Cu^(+)-based molecular oxygen activation.Moreover,the O_(2) activation ability of CuO would depend on not only the dimension,but also crystalline factors,for example,the exposed facets.