Electroacupuncture upregulated platelet derived growth factor expression in spared dorsal root ganglion of cats

A bilateral spared dorsal root ganglion model was established in healthy adult cats by bilateral resection of L1-5 and L7-S2 dorsal root ganglia. L6 dorsal root ganglia were spared. Zusanfi （ST36） and Xuanzhong （BL39） or Futu （ST32） and Sanyinjiao （SP6） were alternatively electro-stimulated on the right leg. Immunohistochemical staining of anti-serum platelet-derived growth factor demonstrated that the number of total neurons and medium-small sized platelet-derived growth factor positive neurons was significantly decreased on the 7~ day following injury. After 7 days of acupuncture, the total number of positive and large neurons staining for platelet-derived growth factor on the acupuncture side significantly increased compared to the non-acupuncture side. After acupuncture for 14 days, the total positive and medium-small sized neurons significantly increased compared with the non-acupuncture side. Results indicate that acupuncture promoted the synthesis of platelet-dedved growth factor in spared dorsal root ganglia.

Offspring Sex Is Not Determined by Gestation Temperature in a Viviparous Lizard(Eremias multiocellata) from the Desert Steppe of Inner Mongolia

Sex-determining systems show a striking diversity not only among species, but also among popula tions. In reptiles, sex-determina tion is a continuum, from tempera ture-dependent sex determination(TSD) to genetic sex determination(GSD).The multi-ocellated racerunner(Eremias multiocellata)is reported to be a cryptic ZZ/ZW chromosomal TSD species, with male-biased sex ratios at high temperatures in two Gansu populations. However, the generality of the sex-determining pattern in different populations of this species remains unclear. To investigate the mode of sex determina tion in a popula tion of E.multiocellata from the desert steppe of Inner Mongolia,we first identified sex chromosomes via comparative genomic hybridization(CGH). We then conducted a thermal manipulation experiment to determine the effect of gestation temperature on offspring sex ratios.From the CGH studies we found that lizards from the Inner Mongolia population possessed ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes. However, our thermal manipulation experiment showed that gestation temperature did not affect the sex ratio of neonates in this population. In combination, these results rule out TSD in the Inner Mongolia population of E. multiocellata, and suggest that there is widespread geographic variation in the sexdetermining system of this species.

Investigation of the mechanism of adult-stage resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus associated with awheat-Thinopyrum intermedium translocation

Barley yellow dwarf virus(BYDV)can infect wheat(Triticum aestivum L.),leading to yield loss.Among four BYDV strains(GAV,GPV,PAV,and RMV)identified in China,BYDV-GAV is the prevailing isolate.YW642,a wheat–Thinopyrum intermedium translocation line,is resistant to BYDV isolates at both seedling and adult stages.Zhong 8601 is the wheat recurrent parent of YW642 and is susceptible to BYDV.In this study,we investigated the adult-stage resistance mechanism of YW642,measured BYDV titer and hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_2) in adult-stage leaves of YW642 and Zhong 8601 inoculated with BYDV-GAV,and identified transcriptional differences between YW642 and Zhong 8601 using microarray-based comparative transcriptomics.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and H_2O_2assay showed that both BYDV titer and H_2O_2 content were markedly lower in YW642 than in Zhong 8601 at 21,28,35,and 40 days post-inoculation(dpi).The transcriptomic comparison revealed that many types of genes were significantly up-regulated at 35 dpi in adult-stage leaves of YW642 compared to Zhong 8601.The important up-regulated genes associated with the adult-stage resistance encoded 15 resistance-like proteins,pathogenesis-related proteins(such as defensin and lipid transfer proteins),protein kinase homologs,transcription factors,reactive oxygen species scavenging-related proteins,and jasmonic acid and gibberellic acid biosynthesis enzymes.These results suggest that precise expression regulation of these proteins plays a crucial role in adult-stage resistance of YW642 against BYDV infection.

State Estimation for Sound and Vibration Emitted from a Machine Based on Sound Measurement Under Existenceof Background Noise

Many studies on the diagnosis for machines have become important recently because of increased use of various complex industrial systems.The correlation information between sound and vibration is very important for machine diagnosis.Usually,vibration pickups are attached directly to the machine in order to measure vibration data.However,in some cases,the sensors can not be attached directly on highly precise devices.In this study,a method to estimate the fluctuation of sound and vibration is proposed based on the measurement data of sound emitted from the machine under existence of background noise.The effectiveness of the proposed theory is experimentally confirmed by applying it to the observed data emitted from a rotational machine driven by an electric motor.

建筑工程造价的合理有效控制与探索

伴随中国经济的发展,建设单位的数量也在增加,国际竞争也变得越来越剧烈。想要实现建筑工程的最高效益,在确保安全质量的条件下,应该控制成本,以达到最佳效果。此外,有效控制工程造价还可以尽量减少施工资源的耗费,从而使人员、物资和资金得以有效的配置。所以,造价工程师应当努力确保造价控制的合理性和有效性。

不同类型关系专用性投资的作用机制研究:以中国制造企业为例

本文综合交易成本理论、关系交换理论和组织间学习理论,研究了两种不同类型的关系专用性投资对企业渠道关系绩效的影响机制,并以中国制造企业为研究对象,通过实证研究检验了在中国市场环境下不同作用机制的影响。本文认为,实物型专用性投资主要通过正式契约机制影响关系绩效,而知识型专用性投资则主要通过关系信任和关系学习机制影响关系绩效。本文进一步比较了关系信任、正式契约和关系学习对渠道关系绩效的作用效果。本文建议:在中国目前的环境下,渠道成员在进行关系专用性投资时,应优先使用知识型专用性投资,并将其作为一个平台来培养关系信任和关系学习。本文研究对我国企业渠道管理实践具有重要的指导意义。