Palm kernel shell(PKS)biochars with different levels of carbon conversion were initially prepared using a tube furnace,after which the reactivity of each sample was assessed with a thermogravimetric analyzer under a C...Palm kernel shell(PKS)biochars with different levels of carbon conversion were initially prepared using a tube furnace,after which the reactivity of each sample was assessed with a thermogravimetric analyzer under a CO_2 atmosphere.The pore structure and carbon ordering of each biochar also examined,employing a surface area analyzer and a Raman spectroscopy.Thermogravimetric results showed that the gasification index R_sof the PKS biochar decreased from 0.0305 min^(-1) at carbon conversion(x)=20% to 0.0278 min^(-1)at x=40%.The expansion of micropores was the dominant process during the pore structure evolution,ad mesopores with sizes ranging from 6 to 20,48 to 50 nm were primarily generated during gasification under a CO_2/H_2O mixture.The proportion of amorphous carbon in the PKS biochar decreased significantly as x increased,suggesting that the proportion of ordered carbon was increased during the CO_2/H_2O mixed gasification.A significantly reduced total reaction time was observed when employing a CO_2/intermittent H_2O process along with an 83.46% reduction in the steam feed,compared with the amount required using a CO_2/H_2O atmosphere.展开更多
The paper conducted a grounded theory research on self-attribution analysis by rural residents on their digital poverty status from fields study in Dongzhi County of Anhui Province,Tianzhu of Gansu and Jinghai of Tian...The paper conducted a grounded theory research on self-attribution analysis by rural residents on their digital poverty status from fields study in Dongzhi County of Anhui Province,Tianzhu of Gansu and Jinghai of Tianjin.It reports main research findings on categories of their feelings of reasons for digital poverty,which include digital ability,digital efforts,digital context and social support.The lack of digital ability is composed of the lack of digitally physical ability,digitally economic ability,digitally psychological ability,and digital literacy,combinations of which can describe the realities of their deficiency of digital ability.Digital efforts consist of time consumed on digital information behavior and using experiences based on it.Digital context is divided into information infrastructure,social norms which refer to social customs,habits,ethics,and epistemology in the digital world,and luck.Social support means social resources including tangible support and emotional support to the digital poor from their social relations and social institutions.Digital poverty model for rural residents is constructed and suggestions on alleviation of digital poverty are proposed.展开更多
基金Supported by the Key Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2015QZ02)the Key Research&Development Program of Shandong Province(2016GSF117005)+1 种基金the introduction of scientific and technological innovation team of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(2016)Foundation of State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering(2017-K22)
文摘Palm kernel shell(PKS)biochars with different levels of carbon conversion were initially prepared using a tube furnace,after which the reactivity of each sample was assessed with a thermogravimetric analyzer under a CO_2 atmosphere.The pore structure and carbon ordering of each biochar also examined,employing a surface area analyzer and a Raman spectroscopy.Thermogravimetric results showed that the gasification index R_sof the PKS biochar decreased from 0.0305 min^(-1) at carbon conversion(x)=20% to 0.0278 min^(-1)at x=40%.The expansion of micropores was the dominant process during the pore structure evolution,ad mesopores with sizes ranging from 6 to 20,48 to 50 nm were primarily generated during gasification under a CO_2/H_2O mixture.The proportion of amorphous carbon in the PKS biochar decreased significantly as x increased,suggesting that the proportion of ordered carbon was increased during the CO_2/H_2O mixed gasification.A significantly reduced total reaction time was observed when employing a CO_2/intermittent H_2O process along with an 83.46% reduction in the steam feed,compared with the amount required using a CO_2/H_2O atmosphere.
基金an outcome of the project "Empirical study on Chinese farmers digital poverty:Phenomena,causes and countermeasures"(No.11CTQ009) supported by National Planning Office of Philosophy and Social Sciencethe project "Evaluation and reflection on digital poverty and public digital cultural policy"(No.NKZXB1449) supported by Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities
文摘The paper conducted a grounded theory research on self-attribution analysis by rural residents on their digital poverty status from fields study in Dongzhi County of Anhui Province,Tianzhu of Gansu and Jinghai of Tianjin.It reports main research findings on categories of their feelings of reasons for digital poverty,which include digital ability,digital efforts,digital context and social support.The lack of digital ability is composed of the lack of digitally physical ability,digitally economic ability,digitally psychological ability,and digital literacy,combinations of which can describe the realities of their deficiency of digital ability.Digital efforts consist of time consumed on digital information behavior and using experiences based on it.Digital context is divided into information infrastructure,social norms which refer to social customs,habits,ethics,and epistemology in the digital world,and luck.Social support means social resources including tangible support and emotional support to the digital poor from their social relations and social institutions.Digital poverty model for rural residents is constructed and suggestions on alleviation of digital poverty are proposed.
