Use of evergreen and deciduous plants by nocturnal-roosting birds:A case study in Beijing

With continually increasing urbanization,the land cover in urban areas continues to change,resulting in the loss of biodiversity.Birds are highly sensitive to changes in habitat.Most forest birds perch on plants that provide increased safety to reduce the risk of predation,and small birds may also consider insulation when using roosting plants in winter because of cold weather.Landscaping plants thus shape the nocturnal roosting environment of urban birds,and proper planting is essential for the survival of birds at night.The use of roosting plants by urban birds should therefore be studied to provide a reference for landscaping.In the current study,we observed 1865 nocturnal roosting birds in Beijing from 2021 to 2022,with 23 species of birds from 12 families and 45 species of plants from 22 families recorded.Juniperus chinensis exhibited the highest bird rarity-weighted richness,followed by Fraxinus pennsylvanica,Phyllostachys propinqua,Pinus tabuliformis,and Ulmus pumila.The diameter at breast height,tree height,and crown width of plants used by birds was largest in summer and smallest in winter,and the perch height of birds was the highest in spring and summer and the lowest in winter.Birds used the highest proportion of deciduous plants in summer and the highest proportion of evergreen plants in winter.A significant seasonal difference in the use of evergreen and deciduous plants by small birds was noted,with a preference for deciduous plants in summer and evergreen plants in winter,while this preference was not found in large birds.These findings indicate that evergreen plants provide a vital nocturnal roosting environment for small birds in winter.To provide a better nocturnal roosting habitat for urban birds,we recommend paying attention to the combination of evergreen and deciduous plants when carrying out landscape construction.

多孔碳包覆铜纳米颗粒的制备及性能表征——推荐一个化学综合实验

以Cu-MOF为前驱体,通过热解法制备氮掺杂多孔碳包覆铜纳米材料,采用X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(IR)等仪器对产物的形貌和组成进行表征。考察了不同热解温度对多孔碳材料形貌和组成的影响,探究其在硝基苯还原反应中的催化性能,并优化了反应条件。将材料的制备、表征和性能探究设计成一个综合实验,能够培养学生的科研思维和综合分析能力。

Zircon U-Pb age evidence of the Mesoarchean(2.9–3.2 Ga)crustal remnant in the Southern Dabie Orogen,South China

1.Objective Unlike the North China Plate where Archean and Paleoproterozoic crustal rocks are widely distributed,Early Precambrian basement rocks in the Yangtze Block of South China are locally exposed(Fig.1a),such as in the Kongling Complex,the Zhongxiang Complex,and the Douling Complex(Zhao GC and Cawood PA,2012).The Dabie Orogen is the eastward extension of the Qinling Orogen.

Combining unscented Kalman filter and wavelet neural network for anti-slug

The stability of the subsea oil and gas production system is heavily influenced by slug flow. One successful method of managing slug flow is to use top valve control based on subsea pipeline pressure. However, the complexity of production makes it difficult to measure the pressure of subsea pipelines, and measured values are not always accessible in real-time. The research introduces a technique for integrating Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) and Wavelet Neural Network (WNN) to estimate the state of subsea pipeline pressure using historical data and a state model. The proposed method treats multiphase flow transport as a nonlinear model, with a dynamic WNN serving as the state observer. To achieve real-time state estimation, the WNN is included into the UKF algorithm to create a WNN-based UKF state equation. Integrate WNN and UKF in a novel way to predict system state accurately. The simulated results show that the approach can efficiently predict the inlet pressure and manage the slug flow in real-time using the riser's top pressure, outlet flow and valve opening. This method of estimate can significantly increase the control effect.

沸石分子筛结构内配位不饱和位点:构筑与催化应用（英文）

具有规则微孔结构的沸石分子筛是目前广泛应用的吸附剂和催化剂,而它的框架结构还可作为承载配位不饱和位点的理想平台.近年来,沸石分子筛结构内配位不饱和位点的构建、表征和催化应用方面已经取得重要进展,本文将从配位催化的视角对其进行总结与讨论.配位催化的概念由Natta在讨论Ziegler-Natta催化剂的性质时提出,已被广泛用于一系列重要反应,如加氢、氧化、羰基化、氢甲酰化和C-C键偶联中.配位催化尽管表现出高活性、高选择性和反应机理清晰等优点,但通常的过渡金属配合物催化剂在分离与回收方面也存在明显缺陷.沸石分子筛具有分子尺寸的规则孔道结构,其骨架、孔道内与离子交换位均可以引入过渡金属离子构筑配位不饱和位点.这一策略可以将配位化学与沸石化学的相关概念结合起来,并在多相催化反应过程中充分利用配位催化的优点.本文首先介绍了沸石分子筛骨架内与骨架外配位不饱和位点不同构筑策略,即离子交换-焙烧、扩散浸渍-焙烧、直接水热合成、过渡金属配合物封装以及骨架脱铝补位修饰,并对其特点进行了比较.随后讨论了用于检测阳离子落位、存在状态及其在沸石分子筛结构中动态变化的光谱技术,包括振动光谱(傅里叶变换红外光谱、拉曼光谱)、电子光谱(紫外-可见漫反射光谱、X射线光电子能谱)、共振波谱(固体核磁共振、电子自旋共振)以及X射线吸收谱(X射线近边吸收、X射线吸收精细结构).最后一部分总结了含配位不饱和位点的沸石分子筛在代表性重要催化反应中的应用,从氮氧化物转化、C-H键活化(甲烷羟基化、苯羟基化、丙烷氧化脱氢)、烯烃功能化(聚合、环氧化)、环氧化物开环(水合、氨解)和羰基活化(Baeyer-Villiger氧化重排、Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley还原)等几类反应展开讨论.对反应机理与构效关系的认识一直以来是催化领域研究的挑战,而对于含配位不饱和位点的沸石分子筛这样复杂的体系来说更是如此.如果能够在沸石分子筛结构内构筑均一且结构明确的孤立金属离子位点,则可以将沸石分子筛骨架作为中心金属离子的配体,从而将含配位不饱和位点的沸石分子筛整体作为一类金属无机配合物,有助于更好地理解催化反应过程与本质.

Attenuation of portal hypertension by natural taurine in rats with liver cirrhosis

AIM:To investigate the inhibitory effect of natural taurine(NTau)on portal hypertension(PHT)in rats with experimentally-induced liver cirrhosis(LC). METHODS:Experimentally-induced LC Wistar rats(20 rats/group)were treated with either oral saline or oral NTau for 6 consecutive weeks.Evaluation parameters included portal venous pressure(PVP),portal venous resistance(PVR),portal venous flow(PVF),splanchnic vascular resistance(SVR)and mean arterial pressure (MAP).Vasoactive substance levels including nitric oxide(NO),nitric oxide synthase(NOS)and cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP)were also measured. Histological investigation of typeⅠandⅢcollagen (COLⅠandⅢ)and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)was also performed. RESULTS:Treatment with NTau(1)significantly decreased PVP,PVR and PVF,and increased MAP and SVP;(2)markedly increased the vascular compliance and reduced the zero-stress of the portal vein;(3) markedly decreased the amount of NO and cGMP and activity of NOS;and(4)improved the pathological sta-tus of the liver tissue and reduced the expression of COLⅠ,COLⅢand TGF-β1. CONCLUSION:NTau inhibited the LC-induced PHT by improving hyperdynamic circulation,morphology of liver and biomechanical properties of the portal vein in experimentally-induced LC rats.

Integrated network analysis of transcriptomic and protein-protein interaction data in taurine-treated hepatic stellate cells

BACKGROUND Studies show that the antifibrotic mechanism of taurine may involve its inhibition of the activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells(HSCs). Since the molecular mechanism of taurine-mediated antifibrotic activity has not been fully unveiled and is little studied, it is imperative to use "omics" methods to systematically investigate the molecular mechanism by which taurine inhibits liver fibrosis.AIM To establish a network including transcriptomic and protein-protein interaction data to elucidate the molecular mechanism of taurine-induced HSC apoptosis.METHODS We used microarrays, bioinformatics, protein-protein interaction(PPI) network,and sub-modules to investigate taurine-induced changes in gene expression in human HSCs(LX-2). Subsequently, all of the differentially expressed genes(DEGs) were subjected to gene ontology function and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway enrichment analysis. Furthermore, the interactions of DEGs were explored in a human PPI network, and sub-modules of the DEGs interaction network were analyzed using Cytoscape software.RESULTS A total of 635 DEGs were identified in taurine-treated HSCs when compared with the controls. Of these, 304 genes were statistically significantly up-regulated, and 331 down-regulated. Most of these DEGs were mainly located on the membrane and extracellular region, and are involved in the biological processes of signal transduction, cell proliferation, positive regulation of extracellular regulated protein kinases 1(ERK1) and ERK2 cascade, extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway and so on. Fifteen significantly enriched pathways with DEGs were identified, including mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) signaling pathway, peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor signaling pathway,estrogen signaling pathway, Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation, cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling pathway and so on. By integrating the transcriptomics and human PPI data, nine critical genes, including MMP2, MMP9, MMP21,TIMP3, KLF10, CX3CR1, TGFB1, VEGFB, and EGF, were identified in the PPI network analysis.CONCLUSION Taurine promotes the apoptosis of HSCs via up-regulating TGFB1 and then activating the p38 MAPK-JNK-Caspase9/8/3 pathway. These findings enhance the understanding of the molecular mechanism of taurine-induced HSC apoptosis and provide references for liver disorder therapy.

Efficacy of a Chinese herbal formula on hepatitis B e antigenpositive chronic hepatitis B patients

BACKGROUND No guideline recommends antiviral therapy for hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B patients with persistently normal alanine aminotransferase levels and a high hepatitis B virus(HBV)DNA viral load.AIM To evaluate the feasibility and safety of a Chinese herbal formula as a therapeutic option for chronic HBV infection.METHODS In total,395 patients(30–65 years old)with confirmed HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B infection and persistently normal alanine aminotransferase were randomized to receive either Chinese herbal formula or placebo for 96 wk.Endpoints to evaluate therapeutic efficacy included:(1)HBV DNA levels decreased to less than 4 log10 IU/mL at weeks 48 and 96;and(2)HBeAg clearance and seroconversion rates at weeks 48 and 96.RESULTS HBV DNA levels≤4 log10 IU/mL were 10.05%at week 48 and 18.59%at week 96 in the treatment group.The HBeAg clearance and conversion rates were 8.54%and 8.04%at week 48 and 16.08%and 14.57%at week 96,respectively.However,HBV DNA levels≤4 log10 IU/mL were 2.55%and 2.55%at weeks 48 and 96,respectively,and the HBeAg clearance rates were 3.06%and 5.61%at weeks 48 and 96,respectively,in the control group.The quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen and HBeAg levels at baseline and changes during the treatment period as well as the alanine aminotransferase elevation at weeks 12 and 24 were strong predictors of HBeAg clearance.CONCLUSION High rates of HBV DNA reduction,HBeAg clearance and seroconversion could be achieved with Chinese herbal formula treatments,and the treatments were relatively safe for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B-infected patients with persistently normal alanine aminotransferase.The ability of the compound to modulate host immune function probably contributed to this effect.

Effects of different ingredients of zedoary on gene expression of HSC-T6 cells

AIM: To investigate the effects of four different ingredients of zedoary (Curcuma aromatica oil, Curcumol,β-elemence, and Curcumin) on the gene expressions of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and to explore the molecular mechanism of zedoary against hepatic fibrosis at gene network level.METHODS: We detected the mRNA sequences of 50 liver fibrosis-related genes in GenBank and designed oligonucleotide probes. We synthesized oligonucleotides with PE8909 DNA synthesizing instrument, and carried out oligonucleotide microarray with OGR-04 dropping instrument and aldehyded glass chip. Cultured HSC-T6cells were treated with different concentrations of Colchicine,Curcuma aromatica oil, Curcumol, β-elemence, and Curcumin. According to the experiment of cell toxicity,we took the appropriate concentrations of medicines that resulted in over 50% of cell survival as experiment concentrations. We collected the cells at 1, 6, 12, and 24 h, and extracted total RNA with TRIzol reagent, then labeled cDNAs with Cy3-dUTP and Cy5-dUTP. These labeled cDNAs were hybridized to an oligonucleotide microarray which was washed several times and scanned by scanner GenePix 4000B. Different gene expressions of HSC-T6 cells were analyzed by ImaGene 4.2 software.RESULTS: After HSC-T6 cells were cultured in a medium containing 6.25 μg/mL Colchicine for 12 h, expression of TIMP-1 decreased 2.2-folds. After HSC-T6 cells were cultured in a medium containing 78.125 μg/mL of Curcuma aromatica oil for 24 h, the expression of TIMP-2and IL-6 decreased 2.3- and 2.2-folds, respectively.Moreover, after HSC-T6 cells were cultured in a medium containing 1.5625 μg/mL of Curcumol for 12 h, the expression of TGFβ1 and P450a decreased 2.3- and 2.1-folds, respectively.CONCLUSION: Our results may show the possible molecular mechanism of Curcuma aromatica oil and Curcumol against hepatic fibrosis.

Metabolomic profiling for identification of metabolites and relevant pathways for taurine in hepatic stellate cells

AIM To develop a reliable and simple method to identify important biological metabolites and relevant pathways for taurine in hepatic stellate cells(HSCs), in order to provide more data for taurine therapy.METHODS All the biological samples were analyzed by using highperformance liquid chromatography-time electrospray ionization/quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis were used to identify statistically different metabolites for taurine in HSCs, and metabolomic pathway analysis was used to do pathway analysis for taurine in HSCs. The chemical structure of the related metabolites and pathways was identified by comparing the m/z ratio and ion mode with the data obtained from free online databases.RESULTS A total of 32 significant differential endogenous metabolites were identified, which may be related to the mechanism of action of taurine in HSCs. Among the seven relevant pathways identified, sphingolipid metabolism pathway, glutathione metabolism pathway and thiamine metabolism pathway were found to be the most important metabolic pathways for taurine in HSCs.CONCLUSION This study showed that there were distinct changes in biological metabolites of taurine in HSCs and three differential metabolic pathways including sphingolipid pathway, glutathione pathway and thiamine metabolism pathway might be of key importance in mediating the mechanism of action of taurine in HSCs.

Mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathways participate in the active principle region of Buyang Huanwu decoction-induced differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

Our preliminary studies confirmed that an active principle region of Buyang Huanwu decoction, comprising alkaloid, polysaccharide, aglycon, glucoside and volatile oil, can induce bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into neurons. Mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling was identified as one of the key pathways underlying this differentiation process. The present study shows phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase and phosphorylated p38 protein expression was increased after differentiation. Cellular signaling pathway blocking agents, PD98059 and SB203580, inhibited extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase and p38 in mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways respectively, mRNA and protein expression of the neuronal marker, neuron specific enolase, and neural stem cell marker, nestin, were decreased in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells after treatment with the active principle region of Buyang Huanwu decoction. Experimental findings indicate that, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase and p38 in mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways participate in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into neuron-like cells, induced by the active principle region of Buyang Huanwu decoction.

Analysis of the medication rules of the national patent compound for the treatment of functional dyspepsia

Objective:Based on data mining software,applying frequent itemsets,association rules,hierarchical clustering,complex networks and other data mining methods to analyze the usage and compatibility of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)patent compound for functional dyspepsia.Method:Use the Chinese patent database to search the compound for the treatment of functional dyspepsia,exclude traditional Chinese medicine extracts,single drugs,combined use of Chinese and Western medicines,etc.,screen the patented compound of TCM,establish an Excel data table,and apply data mining software to The data is subjected to frequency statistics,association rules,cluster analysis and complex network analysis.Result:A total of 238 prescriptions for functional dyspepsia were screened.The four qi of the drugs were mainly warm and calm,the five flavors were mainly sweet and spicy,and the spleen and stomach were the main meridians.The top 10 Chinese medicines with higher frequency are Shanzha、Chenpi、Gancao、Maiya、Jineijin、Fuling、Baizhu、Shenqu、Houpo、Banxia;frequent itemsets show that the drugs are mainly compatible with qi and spleen,qi and digestion;association rules The analysis shows that the common drug pairs used in the treatment of functional dyspepsia include Chenpi-Shanzha、Maiya-Shanzha、Jineijin-Shanzha,etc.;cluster analysis found that there are 4 types of drugs for functional dyspepsia,mainly including drugs for regulating qi-flowing for harmonizing stomach,drugs for soothing liver and promoting Qi,drugs for eliminating food and resolving accumulation,drugs for benefiting qi and strengthening spleen;the 22-flavor Chinese medicine in the core drug network,the core compatibility is mainly to eliminate stagnation and spleen.Conclusion:Data mining research provides a reference for the clinical treatment of functional dyspepsia and the development of TCM formulas;Clinical treatment of functional dyspepsia should grasp the basic principles of strengthening vital energy and eliminating pathogenic factors to benefit qi,strengthen the spleen,and eliminate food.It is a basic treatment method,taking into account the methods of regulating qi-flowing for harmonizing stomach,soothing the liver and relieving depression,relieving dampness and dampness,and combining the specific conditions of patients with syndrome differentiation and treatment.

白血病诱导分化剂的研究进展

诱导分化具有选择性高、副作用小、疗效好等优点。诱导分化机制的研究的深入推动着诱导分化治疗白血病的研究和发展,使其有望成为将来治疗白血病的主要手段。近年来,急性早幼粒细胞白血病的诱导分化治疗已成为目前血液学研究的热点之一,并且国内外对白血病的诱导分化治疗的研究取得了一定的成果。本文对近年来白血病诱导分化的新型诱导分化剂,如:维甲酸类、砷剂、中药类、分子靶向治疗药物类、去甲基化药物类、组蛋白酶去乙酰化药物、miRNA类等的使用与分子机制进行了总结,有利于了解诱导分化剂的研究新进展。

Phase-field numerical simulation of three-dimensional competitive growth of dendrites in a binary alloy

The normal vector of migration direction in the solid-liquid interface of dendrites was used to describe the phase-field governing equation. By using the three angles formed by the normal vector for the migration direction of the dendritic growth interface and the coordinate axes of the simulation region, the authors expressed the interfacial anisotropy equation, and built a phase-field model for the competitive growth of multiple grains. Taking a Al-2%mole-Cu binary alloy as an example, the competitive growth of multiple grains during isothermal solidification was simulated by applying parallel computing techniques. In addition, the phase field simulation results were verified by the experimental method. The simulation results show that the competitive growth of equiaxed dendrite is divided into two types: the first occurs during the process of competitive growth, the tips of primary dendrite on different grains taking part in the competition stop growing in their optimal growth direction; the second also occurs during competitive growth, the tips of primary dendrite which participate in the competition on different grains never stop growing in their optimal growth direction. The dendritic morphologies of the first competition growth type are divided into two types. Primary dendrites of grains taking part in the competition stop growing in their optimal growth direction and the competition plane enlarges when neither one wins the competition. However, when one wins the competition, the primary dendrites of grains with superiority go through the blocking grains and continue to grow in their optimal growth direction. The primary dendrites of inferior grains stop growing in their optimal growth direction and then instead grow in those areas without obstacles. The dendritic morphology of the second competition-growth type is shown to be the deformation of primary dendrites, which are mainly represented as the deflection and bending observed from different views. Compared with the metallographic picture, the simulation results can show the morphology of the competitive growth in all directions, so this simulation method can better characterize the competitive growth process.

气候调控愈伤组织培养结合基因组分功效灰色关联分析鉴定人参属药用植物关键基因及抗炎活性成分

[目的]建立人参属药用植物关键基因和抗炎活性成分的鉴定新方法。[方法]首先,选择2年生人参、三七、西洋参、日本参、大叶人参的新鲜根诱导愈伤组织形成。其次,采用HPLC-MS分析愈伤组织中的皂苷,以一氧化氮还原为功效进行“成分功效”灰色关联分析,寻找抗炎活性成分,并采用qRT-PCR测定炎症因子,以验证活性成分的抗炎作用。最后,再次使用qRT-PCR检测愈伤组织中关键基因的表达,并使用“基因组分”灰色关联分析检查基因调控途径与组分之间的关系。[结果]在三个实验温度(17、24和30℃)中,低温(17℃)更适合人参愈伤组织的产生。与其他人参植物相比,低纬度天然三七在高温(24℃和30℃)下的适应性更强。相同气候条件下(17℃)三七和日本人参愈伤组织中人参皂苷含量最高。抗炎成分主要是包括G-Rh1、G-Rb1、G-Rg3和G-Rh6/GKa。CYP76A47对抗炎成分的积累贡献最大。[结论]本研究为同一属多组分、多功能和多用途植物的基因组分功效相关研究提供了策略。

Industrial test of a 6-m long bearing steel ingot by electroslag remelting withdrawing process

In this study, the key technologies of a 6-m long bearing steel ingot produced by electroslag remelting withdrawing(ESRW) process, including bifilar mode supply, slag system development, and design of mold, were studied based on the laboratory research achievements. The 6-m long ingot of bearing steel GGr15 with a cross-section of 300 mm × 340 mm was produced using the ESRW process with a bifilar mode and a multi-taper T-mold in a plant. The testing results show that the melting rate using the ESRW bifilar mode technology is three times faster than traditional electroslag remelting(ESR), and the power consumption is only 1,320 k Wh per ton steel. Through testing for the chemical composition, macrostructure and inclusions of remelted ingot, it can be concluded that the ESRW bifilar mode technology not only retains the characteristics of traditional ESR, but also improves the production efficiency and reduces the cost compared to traditional ESR.

Partially Diffusive Helium-Silica Compound under High Pressure

Helium is the second most abundant element in the universe, and together with silica, they are important components of giant planets. Exploring the reactivity and state of helium and silica under high pressure is crucial for understanding of the evolution and internal structure of giant planets. Here, using first-principles calculations and crystal structure predictions, we identify four stable phases of a helium-silica compound with seven/eight-coordinated silicon atoms at pressure of 600–4000 GPa, corresponding to the interior condition of the outer planets in the solar system. The density of He Si O2 agrees with current structure models of the planets.This helium-silica compound exhibits a superionic-like helium diffusive state under the high-pressure and hightemperature conditions along the isentropes of Saturn, a metallic fluid state in Jupiter, and a solid state in the deep interiors of Uranus and Neptune. These results show that helium may affect the erosion of the rocky core in giant planets and may help to form a diluted core region, which not only highlight the reactivity of helium under high pressure but also provide evidence helpful for building more sophisticated interior models of giant planets.

微乳液法调控纳米Cu-MOF形貌的实验教学案例

通过微乳液法调控Cu-MOF的形貌,对其制备条件进行优化,得到各种不同形貌的Cu-MOF材料。为了开发材料化学实验与时俱进的教学案例,探究环己烷的用量、反应时间、反应温度等条件对Cu-MOF形貌的影响,从而优化实验细节以满足实验教学案例的要求,使得到的Cu-MOF材料具有重复性好、成本低廉、可行性高的优点。通过本实验教学案例,能够使学生掌握调控纳米MOFs形貌的技能。

坚韧、弹性的氟化固体电解质界面稳定碳酸酯电解质中的锂金属

锂金属负极和碳酸酯类电解液之间不稳定的界面是限制高比能锂金属电池循环寿命的关键挑战.本文使用含苯环的双酚A乙氧基化物二甲基丙烯酸酯(BAED)交联剂调节聚(丙烯酸六氟丁酯)(PHFBA),设计了一种弹性人造固体电解质中间相(RASEI)来解决这个问题.刚性BAED分子可以对柔性PHBA基体进行调控,实现从600%伸长率到90%压缩率的卓越回弹性,并具有超过2 MPa的高杨氏模量.RASEI可以适应锂金属较大的体积变化,并确保电池运行过程中锂金属与RASEI之间的紧密接触,促进均匀的锂沉积并减少副反应.因此,经过RASEI修饰的Li‖Li对称电池可以在1 mA cm^(-2)和1 mAh cm^(-2)下实现超过500小时的长期循环.对循环后锂金属进行测试分析表明锂枝晶的生长得到了有效的抑制.此外,搭配20 mg cm^(-2)高阴极负载的NCM811软包电池在1 C下,经过200次循环后容量保持率超过85%.

北京城市鸟类夜栖时对本土和外来植物的利用

随着城市化进程的加剧,城市鸟类愈加依赖园林植物提供的栖息环境。与此同时,外来植物在城市园林建设中的比例逐渐增加,成为城市鸟类栖息地的重要组成部分。园林植物是城市鸟类的主要夜栖场所,其合理配置可以为鸟类提供适宜的夜栖环境,并维持城市鸟类多样性。研究城市鸟类对夜栖植物的利用,可以为城市园林建设提供参考依据。2021-2022年,我们通过红外热成像仪观察北京城市鸟类夜栖行为,并对夜栖植物的种类、胸径、树高、冠幅和鸟类的栖枝高度进行测量与记录。共记录夜栖鸟类12科23种1,865只次,夜栖植物22科45种。调查地的本土植物数量占45.08%,外来植物数量占54.92%。夜栖于外来植物的鸟类数量约为本土植物的4倍。夜栖鸟类数量最多的植物为圆柏(Juniperuschinensis),之后依次为美国红梣(Fraxinus pennsylvanica)、早园竹(Phyllostachys propinqua)、一球悬铃木(Platanus occidentalis)、旱柳(Salix matsudana)等。夜栖鸟类稀有度加权丰富度(rarity-weightedrichness,RWR)最高的植物为圆柏,之后依次为美国红梣、早园竹、油松(Pinus tabuliformis)、榆树(Ulmus pumila)等。本土夜栖植物的胸径、树高、冠幅和夜栖鸟类的栖枝高度显著高于外来植物。鸟类在冬季夜栖时对外来植物的利用比例(95.44%)显著高于其他季节(75.37%)。本研究结果表明,北京城市园林建设中的外来植物丰富了鸟类的夜栖环境。