Species’ geographical range, environmental range and traits lead to specimen collection preference of dominant plant species of grasslands in Northern China

Many different factors,such as species traits,socio-economic factors,geographical and environmental factors,can lead to specimen collection preference.This study aims to determine whether grassland specimen collection in China is preferred by species traits(i.e.,plant height,flowering and fruiting period),environmental range(i.e.,the temperature and precipitation range)and geographical range(i.e.,distribution range and altitudinal range).Ordinary least squares models and phylogenetic generalized linear mixed models were used to analyze the relationships between specimen number and the explanatory variables.Random Forest models were then used to find the most parsimonious multivariate model.The results showed that interannual variation in specimen number between 1900 and 2020 was considerable.Specimen number of these species in southeast China was notably lower than that in northwest China.Environmental range and geographical range of species had significant positive correlations with specimen number.In addition,there were relatively weak but significant associations between specimen number and species trait(i.e.,plant height and flowering and fruiting period).Random Forest models indicated that distribution range was the most important variable,followed by flowering and fruiting period,and altitudinal range.These findings suggest that future floristic surveys should pay more attention to species with small geographical range,narrow environmental range,short plant height,and short flowering and fruiting period.The correction of specimen collection preference will also make the results of species distribution model,species evolution and other works based on specimen data more accurate.

Deciphering the population structure and genetic basis of growth traits from whole-genome resequencing of the leopard coral grouper(Plectropomus leopardus)

The leopard coral grouper(Plectropomus leopardus)is a species of significant economic importance.Although artificial cultivation of P.leopardus has thrived in recent decades,the advancement of selective breeding has been hindered by the lack of comprehensive population genomic data.In this study,we identified over 8.73 million single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)through whole-genome resequencing of 326 individuals spanning six distinct groups.Furthermore,we categorized 226 individuals with high-coverage sequencing depth(≥14×)into eight clusters based on their genetic profiles and phylogenetic relationships.Notably,four of these clusters exhibited pronounced genetic differentiation compared with the other populations.To identify potentially advantageous loci for P.leopardus,we examined genomic regions exhibiting selective sweeps by analyzing the nucleotide diversity(θπ)and fixation index(FST)in these four clusters.Using these high-coverage resequencing data,we successfully constructed the first haplotype reference panel specific to P.leopardus.This achievement holds promise for enabling high-quality,cost-effectiveimputationmethods.Additionally,we combined low-coverage sequencing data with imputation techniques for a genome-wide association study,aiming to identify candidate SNP loci and genes associated with growth traits.A significant concentration of these genes was observed on chromosome 17,which is primarily involved in skeletal muscle and embryonic development and cell proliferation.Notably,our detailed investigation of growth-related SNPs across the eight clusters revealed that cluster 5 harbored the most promising candidate SNPs,showing potential for genetic selective breeding efforts.These findings provide a robust toolkit and valuable insights into the management of germplasm resources and genome-driven breeding initiatives targeting P.leopardus.

Non-invasive model for predicting high-risk esophageal varices based on liver and spleen stiffness

BACKGROUND Acute bleeding due to esophageal varices(EVs)is a life-threatening complication in patients with cirrhosis.The diagnosis of EVs is mainly through upper gastrointestinal endoscopy,but the discomfort,contraindications and complications of gastrointestinal endoscopic screening reduce patient compliance.According to the bleeding risk of EVs,the Baveno VI consensus divides varices into high bleeding risk EVs(HEVs)and low bleeding risk EVs(LEVs).We sought to identify a non-invasive prediction model based on spleen stiffness measurement(SSM)and liver stiffness measurement(LSM)as an alternative to EVs screening.AIM To develop a safe,simple and non-invasive model to predict HEVs in patients with viral cirrhosis and identify patients who can be exempted from upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.METHODS Data from 200 patients with viral cirrhosis were included in this study,with 140 patients as the modelling group and 60 patients as the external validation group,and the EVs types of patients were determined by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and the Baveno Ⅵ consensus.Those patients were divided into the HEVs group(66 patients)and the LEVs group(74 patients).The effect of each parameter on HEVs was analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses,and a noninvasive prediction model was established.Finally,the discrimination ability,calibration ability and clinical efficacy of the new model were verified in the modelling group and the external validation group.RESULTS Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that SSM and LSM were associated with the occurrence of HEVs in patients with viral cirrhosis.On this basis,logistic regression analysis was used to construct a prediction model:Ln[P/(1-P)]=-8.184-0.228×SSM+0.642×LSM.The area under the curve of the new model was 0.965.When the cut-off value was 0.27,the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the model for predicting HEVs were 100.00%,82.43%,83.52%,and 100%,respectively.Compared with the four prediction models of liver stiffness-spleen diameter to platelet ratio score,variceal risk index,aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase ratio,and Baveno VI,the established model can better predict HEVs in patients with viral cirrhosis.CONCLUSION Based on the SSM and LSM measured by transient elastography,we established a non-invasive prediction model for HEVs.The new model is reliable in predicting HEVs and can be used as an alternative to routine upper gastrointestinal endoscopy screening,which is helpful for clinical decision making.

Experimental Study on the Reduction Effect of Pit Texture on Disassembly Damage for Interference Fit

After remanufacturing disassembly,several kinds of friction damages can be found on the mating surface of interference fit.These damages should be repaired and the cost is closely related to the severity of damages.Inspired by the excellent performance of surface texture in wear reduction,5 shapes of pit array textures are added to the specimens’surface to study their reduction effect of disassembly damage for interference fit.The results of disassembly experiments show that the order of influence of texture parameters on disassembly damage is as follows:equivalent circle diameter of single texture,texture shape and texture surface density.The influence of equivalent circle diameter of single texture and texture shape are obviously more significant than that of texture surface density.The circular texture with a surface density of 30%and a diameter of 100μm shows an excellent disassembly damage reduction effect because of its perfect ability of abrasive particle collection.And the probability of disassembly damage formation and evolution is also relatively small on this kind of textured surface.Besides,the load-carrying capacity of interference fit with the excellent texture is confirmed by load-carrying capacity experiments.The results show that the load-carrying capacity of the excellent texture surface is increased about 40%compared with that of without texture.This research provides a potential approach to reduce disassembly damage for interference fit.

Pt-Cu合金催化剂上甲烷无氧偶联的机理与微观动力学研究:从单原子位点到单团簇位点

随着天然气和页岩气资源的大量发现,作为主要成分的甲烷,其转化为高值化学品是一条具有开发潜力的路径.在各种甲烷转化途径中,甲烷无氧直接转化具有碳原子利用率高和二氧化碳排放少的优点,更具应用前景.然而,甲烷的无氧转化仍然面临反应温度高、C_(2)烃选择性低和催化剂易积碳失活的难题.因此,大量的研究集中在催化剂研发上,期望通过选择性地打破C-H键,并且催化C-C偶联,实现高效活化甲烷、高选择性生成C_(2)烃,近期研究发现,被Cu等金属隔离的Pt位点,被金属氧化物分散的Pt位点,都有利于甲烷无氧偶联生成C_(2)烃.特别是Pt-Cu单原子合金催化剂,其中分散的Pt单原子不仅.具有较高的打破C-H键活性,而且能够抑制甲烷深度脱氢,具有很好的抗积碳性能.虽然单原子Pt具有很好的甲烷活化性能,但进一步催化C_(2)烃生成的反应过程并不清楚,同时单分散的Pt团簇也可能存在于Pt-Cu合金表面,而关于它们催化甲烷无氧偶联的机制也缺乏研究和认识.本文在Cu(111)表面建立Pt_(1),Pt_(2)和Pt_(3)位点(分别标记为Pt_(1)©Cu(111),Pt_(2)©Cu(111)和Pt_(3)©Cu(111)),采用密度泛函理论计算与微观动力学模拟相结合的方法,研究甲烷无氧偶联的催化反应机理与反应性能,评估并比较单原子与单团簇的催化反应性能.通过对甲烷分解的基元反应计算发现,CH_(4),CH_(3)和CH_(2)的脱氢反应分别在Cu(111)上的Pt_(1),Pt_(2)和Pt_(3)位点上最有利.然而,相应的CHx(x=3,2,1)物种直接偶联形成C_(2)H_(6),C_(2)H_(4)和C_(2)H_(2)的反应,分别在Cu(111)上的Pt_(3),Pt_(1)和Pt_(2)位点上最有利.三种Pt位点独特的反应趋势,主要源于Pt位点与CHx物种不同的结合能力.反应条件下甲烷无氧偶联的微观动力学模拟表明,Pt_(1)©Cu(111)催化甲烷转化的活性最高,而加入少量的氢气可以显著提高乙烯的选择性,750 K时最高选择性可达96.2%.在Pt_(1)©Cu(111)表面,Pt位点主要负责C-H键裂解,Cu位点是C-C偶联的活性中心.通过密度泛函理论计算,发现Pt_(1)©Cu(111)在反应条件下结构稳定.综上,本文揭示了Pt单原子位点(SASs)和Pt单团簇位点(SCSs)上的甲烷无氧偶联反应机制,并预测Pt SASs在甲烷无氧偶联中比Pt SCSs更有优势,为高效甲烷无氧偶联催化剂制备提供一定借鉴.

Letter to editor‘Non-invasive model for predicting high-risk esophageal varices based on liver and spleen stiffness’

predicting high-risk esophageal varices based on liver and spleen stiffness".Acute bleeding caused by esophageal varices is a life-threatening complication in patients with liver cirrhosis.Due to the discomfort,contraindications,and associated complications of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy screening,it is crucial to identify an imaging-based non-invasive model for predicting high-risk esophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis.

Research on Smart Meteorology Serving Agriculture under the Rural Revitalization Strategy—Taking Mingshan Tea as an Example

It is imperative to prioritize the development of agriculture and rural areas and improve the efficiency of smart meteorological services for agricultural products under the strategy of rural revitalization. In this article, we take Mingshan tea, one of the characteristic industries in Sichuan Province, as an example to explore the related issues of smart meteorology serving agriculture. The status, value, and demand of tea smart meteorological services have been analyzed in this article. In addition, in response to the increasing demand for meteorological services in agricultural production, we have proposed to solve problem of tea meteorological service by strengthening talent, technology, product refinement, and dissemination. We have also proposed specific measures for tea intelligent meteorology to serve agriculture, in order to provide reference for future service practices. We need to continuously improve the methods and content of meteorological services, and improve the level of meteorological services. At the same time, utilizing smart meteorological service methods provides strong support for rural revitalization. This not only increases the income of tea farmers, but also maximizes the technical support role of meteorology in disaster prevention and reduction.

2型糖尿病合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征病情严重程度与糖脂代谢、炎症因子及肾功能的相关性研究

目的探讨2型糖尿病合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)病情严重程度与糖脂代谢、炎症因子及肾功能的相关性。方法按照每小时睡眠呼吸暂停次数(AHI)将2016年3月-2018年6月右江民族医学院附属医院收治的123例2型糖尿病患者分为单纯糖尿病组(39例,AHI<5次/h)、OSAS轻度组(32例,AHI5~15次/h)、OSAS中度组(28例,AHI 16~30次/h)和OSAS重度组(24例,AHI>30次/h),同期随机选取40例健康体检者为对照组。比较各组睡眠呼吸指标:AHI、最低动脉血氧饱和度(LSaO2)、夜间动脉平均血氧饱和度(MSaO2),血糖指标:空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c),血脂指标:总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、甘油三酯(TG),炎症因子指标:白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1),以及肾功能:血清肌酐(Scr)、肾小球滤过率(e GFR),并分析睡眠呼吸指标与糖脂代谢指标、炎症因子指标及肾功能指标的相关性。结果2型糖尿病患者体重指数(BMI)、FBG、HbA1c、TC、LDL、TG高于对照组,HDL低于对照组(P<0.05),OSAS轻、中、重度组患者FBG、HbA1c、TC、LDL、TG高于单纯糖尿病组,HDL低于单纯糖尿病组(P<0.05)。2型糖尿病患者血清IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、hs-CRP、ICAM-1水平均高于对照组(P<0.05),OSAS轻、中、重度组患者上述指标高于单纯糖尿病组(P<0.05)。2型糖尿病患者e GFR水平低于对照组(P<0.05),OSAS轻、中、重度患者e GFR水平低于单纯糖尿病组(P<0.05)。糖尿病肾脏疾病(DKD)组患者AHI高于非DKD组,LSaO2、MSaO2低于非DKD组(P<0.05)。经Pearson相关分析,AHI与BMI、FBG、HbA1c、TC、LDL、TG、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、hs-CRP、ICAM-1呈正相关(P<0.05),LSaO2、MSaO2与上述指标呈负相关(P<0.05);AHI与HDL、e GFR呈负相关(P<0.05),LSaO2、MSaO2与HDL、eGFR呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论OSAS可致2型糖尿病患者糖脂代谢异常、炎症反应加剧及肾功能损伤,并且OSAS病情越严重,患者糖脂代谢异常越明显,炎症反应越重,肾功能损伤越严重。

不同加工方法对乙烯-辛烯共聚物/聚乳酸共混物相结构与性能的影响

采用普通共混方法及原位微纤技术制备了乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE)/聚乳酸(PLA)共混物,通过扫描电镜、力学性能测试和动态流变性能测试对材料形貌及性能进行表征。结果表明,对于POE/PLA普通共混物,PLA以球形颗粒分布在POE基体中,材料的拉伸应力-应变曲线无明显的屈服行为,PLA质量分数为20%时,材料拉伸强度为6.6 MPa;PLA的加入提高了材料的储能模量(G′)和损耗模量(G″)。对于POE/PLA微纤共混物,PLA在POE中形成了PLA微纤,当微纤的质量分数为10%时,材料的拉伸应力应变呈现双屈服行为,随微纤含量增加双屈服行为更明显。POE-20试样在应变为23%发生第1次屈服,在应变为240%发生第2次屈服,材料拉伸强度为8.8 MPa,其拉伸强度比相同PLA含量的普通共混物高33.3%,G′在低频区出现1个平台。

髓内钉治疗不同类型转子间骨折的对比研究

目的探讨应用髓内钉内固定治疗难复性和易复性股骨转子间骨折的临床疗效。方法选取2013年2月—2015年7月在天津市北辰医院接受髓内钉治疗的60例老年股骨转子间骨折患者的临床资料,根据骨折类型分为难复组和易复组。难复组患者28例,利用骨膜剥离器辅助复位后行髓内固定;易复组患者32例,常规行闭合复位髓内钉内固定。记录两组患者手术时间、出血量、住院时间、复位优良率及并发症等指标。患者术后3个月、1及2年进行定期随访,采用ZUCKERMAN髋部骨折恢复量表(FRS)和欧洲五维健康量表(EQ-5D)评估患者关节功能和生活质量。末次随访时采用视觉疼痛模拟评分(VAS)评估患者髋部疼痛程度。结果易复组患者手术时间短于难复组(P<0.05),围术期总体出血量少于难复组(P<0.05)。两组患者住院日、复位优良率及并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组无患者发生切口感染、骨折不愈合、延迟愈合及内固定松动等并发症。末次随访时易复组患者关节功能优于难复组(P<0.05);但两组患者生活质量及独立行走能力比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论应用髓内钉内固定治疗股骨转子间骨折可取得满意的临床疗效。与易复性骨折比较,难复性骨折手术操作复杂,创伤较大,整体疗效略差。

Protective Effects of Polyphenol Extracts from Sea Buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.) on Rat Hearts

The objective of present study was to investigate the antioxidative and cardioprotective effects of polyphenol extracts from sea buckthorn (PESB) against myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI). PESB was analyzed using HPLC-DAD and their antioxidant activities were evaluated by measuring the intrinsic free radicals cavenging capacity and inhibiting the formation of hydroxyl radical capacity. Experiments on the isolated rat hearts were carried out according to the improved Langendorff retrograde perfusion technology. Coronary effluent of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) activities were analyzed to determine the extent of myocardial injury. Protein expression levels of Beclin-1, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) I and II were measured to evaluate the degree of autophagy. In conclusion, coupled results from both in vivo and in vitro experiments have confirmed that PESB has potential health implications in both prevention and amelioration of MIRI, which may be attributed to the inhibition of autophagy.

组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂对多发性骨髓瘤细胞的杀伤机制及临床应用现状

多发性骨髓瘤(multiple myeloma,MM)是恶性浆细胞瘤,至今无法治愈。在过去的20年中,蛋白酶体抑制剂(proteasome inhibitors,PIs)硼替佐米和免疫调节剂(immunomodulatory drug,IMi D)来那度胺显著改善了MM患者的预后,延长了MM患者的生存时间。组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂(histone deacetylase inhibitors,HDACis)具有较好的抗MM活性,可以显著提高MM患者治疗的总有效率(overall response rate,ORR),延长MM患者的无进展生存期(progression free survival,PFS)和总生存期(overall survival,OS)。而对既往应用IMi D或PIs耐药的患者,HDACis仍能取得较好的疗效。本文就HDACis作用于MM细胞的杀伤机制以及临床中对MM的治疗效果进行综述。

离子液体中再生纤维素纤维的制备及表征

以离子液体为溶剂,采用干喷-湿纺法制备再生纤维素纤维,通过正交设计和系统试验考察了气隙长度、喷头拉伸比、凝固浴浓度和凝固浴温度等工艺参数对再生纤维素纤维力学性能的影响,探究了该体系的最佳纺丝工艺条件,并对此条件下的产物进行表征分析。结果表明,对于该体系,纺丝工艺参数中凝固浴浓度和拉伸比对纤维的拉伸强度、初始模量的影响较大,凝固浴温度对纤维断裂伸长影响较大。此外,最佳工艺条件下制备的再生纤维素纤维具有较高的结晶度,较好的热稳定性及光洁的表面形态。

Burden of colorectal cancer in China, 1990-2017: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Objective: Our goal is to analyze the trend of colorectal cancer(CRC) regarding the death, incidence and prevalence rates over time, and to provide epidemiological knowledge basis for health policy revision by comparing data about fatal outcomes of CRC in 2017 to those data in 1990, which was extracted from the Global Burden of Disease(GBD).Methods: The time trend and changes of CRC burden from 1990 to 2017 were measured by using the methods and results from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation(IHME) GBD 2017, based on the rates of death,incidence and prevalence.Results: The death rate of CRC is 13.24/100,000, accounting for 1.79% of total deaths in China in 2017. In1990, CRC ranked 21 st in all causes of death in China compared to its 11 th ranking in 2017. The death, incidence and prevalence rate of CRC were standardized by the age scale of the global population in 2010, the change of standardized death rate of CRC was not significant, from 9.33/100,000 in 1990 to 10.10/100,000 in 2017. The standardized incidence rate of CRC significantly increased from 12.18/100,000 in 1990 to 22.42/100,000 in 2017.The standardized prevalence rate of CRC significantly increased from 44.55/100,000 in 1990 to 118.40/100,000 in2017. The trend of the prevalence rate in both genders grow higher in 2017 compared to the 1990, resulting in141.6%, 209.8% and 189.0% for the studied three age groups(15-49, 50-69 and 70+ years old), respectively. The death rate increased in the age groups of 50-69 and 70+ years in both genders(8.6% and 31.0% respectively), in contrast to a decrease of death rate in the age group of 15-49 years old(-10.8%).Conclusions: China experienced a stunning increase in terms of incidence and prevalence rate of CRC from1990 to 2017. To decrease the burden of CRC, prevention and management of known risk factors should be promoted through national polices.

Differential expression of VASA gene in ejaculated spermatozoa from normozoospermic men and patients with oligozoospermia

Aim： To detect the expression of VASA in human ejaculated spermatozoa, and to compare the expression of VASA between normozoospermic men and patients with oligozoospermia. Methods： Ejaculated spermatozoa were collected from normozoospermic men and patients with oligozoospermia by masturbation, and subsequently segregated through a discontinuous gradient of Percoll to obtain the spermatozoa. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT- PCR）, quantitative RT-PCR （QRT-PCR）, immunoflurescence and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of VASA in mRNA and protein levels. Results： VASA mRNA was expressed in the ejaculated spermatozoa. QRT-PCR analysis showed that VASA mRNA level was approximately 5-fold higher in normozoospermic men than that in oligozoospermic men. Immunofluorescence and Western blotting analysis showed that VASA protein was located on the cytoplasmic membrane of heads and tails of spermatozoa, and its expression was significantly decreased in oligozoospermic men, which is similar to the result of QRT-PCR. Conclusion： The expression of VASA mRNA and protein was significantly decreased in the sperm of oligozoospermic men, which suggested the lower expression of the VASA gene might be associated with pathogenesis in some subtypes of male infertility and VASA could be used as a molecular marker for the diagnosis of male infertility.

Admission clinical characteristics and early clinical outcomes among acute ischemic stroke patients

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between admission clinical characteristics and outcomes at discharge among acute ischemic stroke patients in the Chinese population. A total of 2,673 patients with acute ischemic stroke were included in the present study. The clinical characteristics at admission and other study variables were collected for all patients. The study outcome was defined as neurological deficiency （National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score ≥ 10） at discharge or in-hospital death. Compared with the subjects without neurological deficiency at discharge or in-hospital death, the subjects with neurological deficiency at discharge or in-hospital death had a significantly higher prevalence of hyperglycemia or history of atrial fibrillation at admission. Age ≥ 80 years, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and history of atrial fibrillation were significantly associated with neurological deficiency at discharge or in-hospital death after adjustment for other variables. It is concluded that old age （ ≥ 80 years）, hyperglycemia, hypertension and history of atrial fibrillation are significantly associated with neurological deficiency at discharge or in-hospital death among patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Prostate cancer in Asia:A collaborative report

The incidence of prostate cancer(PCa)within Asian population used to be much lower than in the Western population;however,in recent years the incidence and mortality rate of PCa in some Asian countries have grown rapidly.This collaborative report summarized the latest epidemiology information,risk factors,and racial differences in PCa diagnosis,current status and new trends in surgery management and novel agents for castration-resistant prostate cancer.We believe such information would be helpful in clinical decision making for urologists and oncologists,health-care ministries and medical researchers.

Understanding the influence of microwave on the relative volatility used in the pyrolysis of Indonesia oil sands

In this paper, pyrolysis of Indonesian oil sands(IOS) was investigated by two different heating methods to develop a better understanding of the microwave-assisted pyrolysis. Thermogravimetric analysis was conducted to study the thermal decomposition behaviors of IOS, showing that 550 °C might be the pyrolysis final temperature. A explanation of the heat–mass transfer process was presented to demonstrate the influence of microwave-assisted pyrolysis on the liquid product distribution. The heat–mass transfer model was also useful to explain the increase of liquid product yield and heavy component content at the same heating rate by two different heating methods. Experiments were carried out using a fixed bed reactor with and without the microwave irradiation. The results showed that liquid product yield was increased during microwave induced pyrolysis,while the formation of gas and solid residue was reduced in comparison with the conventional pyrolysis. Moreover, the liquid product characterization by elemental analysis and GC–MS indicated the significant effect on the liquid chemical composition by microwave irradiation. High polarity substances(ε N 10 at 25 °C), such as oxyorganics were increased, while relatively low polarity substances(ε b 2 at 25 °C), such as aliphatic hydrocarbons were decreased, suggesting that microwave enhanced the relative volatility of high polarity substances. The yield improvement and compositional variations in the liquid product promoted by the microwave-assisted pyrolysis deserve the further exploitation in the future.

Current status of diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer in China-Analyses of Chinese Bladder Cancer Consortium database

Objective:To investigate current status of diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer in China.Methods:A database was generated by Chinese Bladder Cancer Consortium(CBCC).From January 2007 to December 2012,14,260 cases from 44 CBCC centers were included.Data of diagnosis,treatment and pathology were collected.Results:The average age was 63.5 year-old and most patients were male(84.3%).The most common histologic types were urothelial carcinoma(91.4%),adenocarcinoma(1.8%),and squamous carcinoma(1.9%).According to 1973 and 2004 WHO grading system,42.0%,41.0%,and 17.0% of patients were grade 1,2,and 3,and 16.0%,48.7%,and 35.3% of patients were papillary urothelial neoplasms of low malignant potential,low,and high grade,respectively.Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC)and muscle invasive bladder cancer(MIBC)were 25.2% and 74.1%,respectively(0.8% not clear).Carcinoma in situ was only 2.4%.Most patients were diagnosed by white-light cystoscopy with biopsy(74.3%).Fluorescence and narrow band imaging cystoscopy had additional detection rate of 1.0% and 4.0%,respectively.Diagnostic transurethral resection(TUR)provided detection rate of 16.9%.Most NMIBCs were treated with TUR(89.2%).After initial TUR,2.6%accepted second TUR,and 45.7%,69.9%,and 58.7% accepted immediate,induced,and maintenance chemotherapy instillation,respectively.Most MIBCs were treated with radical cystectomy(RC,59.7%).Laparoscopic RCs were 35.1%,while open RC 63.4%.Extended and standard pelvic lymph node dissection were 7% and 66%,respectively.Three most common urinary diversions were orthotopic neobladder(44%),ileal conduit(31%),and ureterocutaneostomy(23%).Only 2.3% of patients accepted neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and only 18%of T3 and T4 patients accepted adjuvant chemotherapy.Conclusion:Disease characteristics are similar to international reports,while differences of diagnosis and treatment exist.This study can provide evidences for revisions of the guideline on bladder cancer in China.

Renewable hydrogen production from steam reforming of glycerol(SRG)over ceria-modified Y-alumina supported Ni catalyst

Excess crude glycerol derived as a by-product from biodiesel industry prompts the need to valorise glycerol to value-added chemicals.In this context,catalytic steam reforming of glycerol(SRG) was proposed as a promising and sustainable alternative for producing renewable hydrogen(H2).Herein,the development of nickel(Ni) supported on ceria-modified mesoporous γ-alumina(γ-Al2 O3) catalysts and their applications in catalytic SRG(at550-750℃ atmospheric pressure and weight hourly space velocity,WHSV,of 44,122 ml·g^-1·h^-1(STP)) is presented.Properties of the developed catalysts were characterised using many technique s.The findings show that ceria modification improved Ni dispersion on γ-Al2 O3 catalyst support with highly active small Ni particles,which led to a remarkable catalytic performance with the total glycerol conversion(ca.99%),glycerol conversion into gaseous products(ca.77%) and H2 yield(ca.62%).The formation rate for H2 production(14.4 ×10^(-5)mol·s^-1·g^-1, TOF(H2)=3412 s^-1) was significantly improved with the Ni@12 Ce-Al2 O3 catalyst,representing nearly a 2-fold increase compared with that of the conventional Ni@AI2 O3 catalyst.In addition,the developed catalyst also exhibited comparatively high stability(for 12 h) and coke resistance ability.