Low-fat microwaved peanut snacks production:Effect of defatting treatment on structural characteristics,texture,color,and nutrition

This study develops low-fat microwaved peanut snacks(LMPS)using partially defatted peanuts(PDP)with different defatting ratios,catering to people’s pursuit of healthy,low-fat cuisine.The effects of defatting treatment on the structural characteristics,texture,color,and nutrient composition of LMPS were comprehensively explored.The structural characteristics of LMPS were characterized using X-ray micro-computed tomography(Micro-CT)and scanning electron microscope(SEM).The results demonstrated that the porosity,pore number,pore volume,brightness,brittleness,protein content,and total sugar content of LMPS all significantly increased(P<0.05)with the increase in the defatting ratio.At the micro level,porous structure,cell wall rupture,and loss of intracellular material could be observed in LMPS after defatting treatments.LMPS made from PDP with a defatting ratio of 64.44%had the highest internal pore structural parameters(porosity 59%,pore number 85.3×105,pore volume 68.23 mm3),the brightest color(L*78.39±0.39),the best brittleness(3.64±0.21)mm^(–1)),and the best nutrition(high protein content,(34.02±0.38)%;high total sugar content,(17.45±0.59)%;low-fat content,(27.58±0.85)%).The study provides a theoretical basis for the quality improvement of LMPS.

‘强特勒’脱青皮鲜核桃冻藏过程中品质的变化情况

旨在为实现鲜食核桃周年供应提供技术支持,以‘强特勒’核桃为研究对象,探究脱青皮鲜核桃在冻藏过程(-10℃,10个月)中感官品质、色差、营养成分、油脂理化指标(过氧化值和酸值)等品质的变化。结果表明:‘强特勒’脱青皮鲜核桃在-10℃条件下冻藏10个月后,其种皮颜色、种皮分离度、种仁颜色、香气、风味的品质级别均下降,即感官品质下降;种皮和种仁的色差随着冻藏时间的延长不断增大,且种皮色差的变化程度较种仁的大;蛋白质、脂肪和可溶性糖含量下降;脂肪酸组成无变化,但不饱和脂肪酸相对含量上升,饱和脂肪酸相对含量下降;氨基酸组成和矿物元素种类均无变化;油脂过氧化值和酸值均呈上升趋势,但均符合LY/T3004.8—2018《核桃第8部分:核桃坚果质量及检测》的限量规定。综上,‘强特勒’脱青皮鲜核桃在冻藏过程中品质变化不大,可实现周年供应。

Palmitoleic acid on top of HFD ameliorates insulin resistance independent of diacylglycerols and alters gut microbiota in C57BL/6J mice

With the prevalence of obesity and obesity-related metabolic syndrome,such as insulin resistance in recent years,it is urgent to explore effective interventions to prevent the progression of obesity-related metabolic syndrome.Palmitoleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid that is available from dietary sources,mainly derived from marine products.P almitoleic acid plays a positive role in maintaining glucose homeostasis and reducing inflammation.However,it is still unknow the mechanism of palmitoleic acid in ameliorating insulin resistance.Here,we investigated the effects of palmitoleic acid on chow diet(CD)-fed and high-fat diet(HFD)-fed mice,which were fed CD or HFD for 12 weeks before administration.We administrated mice with BSA(control),oleic acid,or palmitoleic acid for 6 weeks on top of CD or HFD feeding.We found that palmitoleic acid only improved glucose homeostasis in HFD-fed obese mice by increasing glucose clearance and reducing HOMA-IR.Further study explored that palmitoleic acid changed the composition of gut microbiota by decreasing Firmicutes population and increasing Bacteroidetes population.In colon,palmitoleic acid increased intestinal tight junction integrity and reduced inflammation.Moreover,palmitoleic acid decreased macrophage infiltration in liver and adipose tissue and increase glucose uptake in adipose tissue.Diacylglycerol(DAG)in tissue(for example,liver)is found to positively correlated with HOMA-IR.HFD enhanced the levels of DAGs in liver but not in adipose tissue in this study.Palmitoleic acid did not reverse the high DAG levels induced by HFD in liver.Therefore,in HFD-fed mice,palmitoleic acid reduced insulin resistance by an independent-manner of DAGs.It might be associated with the beneficial effects of palmitoleic acid on altering the gut microbiota composition,improving of intestinal barrier function,and downregulating the inflammation in colon,liver,and adipose tissue.

高油核桃新品种陇薄丰1号的选育

陇薄丰1号是从陇南穗状核桃实生群体中选育的早熟、丰产、高油核桃新品种。坚果圆形,单果质量10.6~12.7 g,单个核仁质量5.8~8.1 g,壳厚0.94~1.15 mm,出仁率55.0%~63.6%。果壳光滑,纵径33.8~35.3 mm,横径30.1~33.6 mm,侧径31.0~35.2 mm。缝合线平,结合紧密。核仁饱满,浅黄色,脂肪含量68.6%,蛋白质含量17.3%,风味油香,无涩味。在甘肃武都,9月上旬果实成熟;雌雄异花、同株,雄先型。陇薄丰1号对核桃细菌性黑斑病、炭疽病、褐色顶端坏死病表现为抗病,耐干旱、耐瘠薄能力较强。适宜在秦巴山区及立地条件相近地区发展,在甘肃省陇南地区可进行生产性栽植。栽植第2年挂果,高接大树第4年和第5年平均666.7 m2产量各为188.32 kg、230.12 kg。

Investigation of the quality of life,mental status in patients with gynecological cancer and its influencing factors

BACKGROUND Having a gynecological tumor or undergoing treatment can be a traumatic experience for women,as it affects their self-image and sexual relationships and can lead to psychological reactions.Psychological adjustment following cancer occurrence remains a key issue among the survivors.AIM To examine the current status of quality of life(QoL),anxiety,and depression in patients with gynecological cancer and to analyze the factors associated with it.METHODS Data for 160 patients with gynecological malignancies treated at Shanxi Bethune Hospital from June 2020 to June 2023 were collected and analyzed retrospectively.Patients’QoL was assessed using the European Organization for Research on Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General Questionnaire.Their emotional status was evaluated using the Self-Rating Anxiety/Depression Scale.The associated factors of anxiety and depression were analyzed.RESULTS The overall QoL score of the patients 6 months after surgery was 76.39±3.63 points.This included low levels of social and emotional function and severe fatigue and pain.The scores for physiological,functional,emotional,social,and family well-being exhibited an upward trend following surgery compared with those before surgery.One month after surgery,some patients experienced anxiety and depression,with an incidence of 18.75%and 18.13%,respectively.Logistic analysis revealed that good sleep was a protective factor against anxiety and depression in patients with gynecological tumors,whereas physical pain was a risk factor.CONCLUSION Patients with gynecological malignancies often experience anxiety and depression.By analyzing the factors that affect patients’QoL,effective nursing measures can be administered.

Vortex structure simulation for supersonic mixing layers using nonlinear PSE method

The method of nonlinear parabolized stability equations（PSE） is applied in the simulation of vortex structures in compressible mixing layer.The spatially-evolving unstable waves,which dominate the vortex structure,are investigated through spatial marching method.The instantaneous flow field is obtained by adding the harmonic waves to basic flow.The results show that T-S waves do not keep growing exponentially as the linear evolution,the energy transfer to high order harmonic modes,and that finally all harmonic modes get saturated due to nonlinear interaction.The mean flow distortion induced by the nonlinear interaction between the harmonic modes and their conjugate harmonic ones,makes great change of the average flow and increases the thickness of mixing layer. PSE methods can well capture the two- and three-dimensional large scale nonlinear vortex structures in mixing layers such as vortex roll-up,vortex pairing,and A vortex.

A homeodomain-leucine zipper I transcription factor, MeHDZ14,regulates internode elongation and leaf rolling in cassava(Manihot esculenta Crantz)

Drought stress impairs plant growth and other physiological functions. MeHDZ14, a homeodomainleucine zipper I transcription factor, is strongly induced by drought stress in various cassava cultivars.However, the role of MeHDZ14 in cassava growth regulation has remained unclear. Here we report that MeHDZ14 affected plant height, such that a dwarf phenotype and altered internode elongation were observed in transgenic cassava lines. MeHDZ14 was found to negatively regulate the biosynthesis of lignin. Its overexpression resulted in abaxially rolled leaves. The morphogenesis of leaf epidermal cells was inhibited by overexpression of MeHDZ14, with decreased auxin and gibberellin and increased cytokinin contents. MeHDZ14 was found to regulate many drought-responsive genes, including genes involved in cell wall synthesis and expansion. MeHDZ14 bound to the promoter of caffeic acid 3-Omethyltransferase 1(MeCOMT1), acting as a transcriptional repressor of genes involved in cell wall development. MeHDZ14 appears to act as a negative regulator of internode elongation and epidermal cell morphogenesis during cassava leaf development.

Advanced Face Mask Detection Model Using Hybrid Dilation Convolution Based Method

A face-mask object detection model incorporating hybrid dilation convolutional network termed ResNet Hybrid-dilation-convolution Face-mask-detector (RHF) is proposed in this paper. Furthermore, a lightweight face-mask dataset named Light Masked Face Dataset (LMFD) and a medium-sized face-mask dataset named Masked Face Dataset (MFD) with data augmentation methods applied is also constructed in this paper. The hybrid dilation convolutional network is able to expand the perception of the convolutional kernel without concern about the discontinuity of image information during the convolution process. For the given two datasets being constructed above, the trained models are significantly optimized in terms of detection performance, training time, and other related metrics. By using the MFD dataset of 55,905 images, the RHF model requires roughly 10 hours less training time compared to ResNet50 with better detection results with mAP of 93.45%.

Manipulating Zn^(2+)solvation environment in poly(propylene glycol)-based aqueous Li^(+)/Zn^(2+)electrolytes for high-voltage hybrid ion batteries

Compared with aqueous single-ion batteries,rechargeable aqueous hybrid ion batteries,especially Li^(+)/Zn^(2+)hybrid ion batteries,are receiving extensive interest owing to their low cost,high operating voltage,and energy density.However,their working voltage and lifespan are limited by the decomposition of water and the growth of Zn dendrites.Herein,detrimental side reactions induced by the water reduction and the Zn dendrite growth are successfully suppressed by a poly(propylene glycol)(PPG)-based hybrid ion electrolyte[(1 m Zn(TFSI)2+10 m LiTFSI)in PPG/H2O].The addition of PPG in the electrolyte can not only enhance the bonding strength of hydrogen-bond in water but also tailor the solvation sheath of Zn2+as revealed by synchrotron X-rays.The participated solvation of PPG with Zn^(2+)can weaken Zn-H_(2)O interactions and redistribute Zn^(2+)flux on the surface of the Zn anode,thus inducing favorably even deposition of Zn.In addition,the decomposition of TFSI-contributes a ZnF_(2)-enriched solid electrolyte interface at the Zn anode to further prevent water decomposition and restrain Zn dendrites.The PPG-based electrolyte enables 2.1 V LiMnO_(2)//Zn batteries to deliver high specific capacities(121.7 mAh g^(-1)for a coin cell and 90 mAh g^(-1)for a pouch cell),and maintain 80%of the capacity over 700 cycles at 0.5 C,suggesting a promising pathway for highly reversible aqueous hybrid ion batteries.

Functionalized carbon dots for corrosion protection:Recent advances and future perspectives

Metal corrosion causes significant economic losses,safety issues,and environmental pollution.Hence,its prevention is of immense research interest.Carbon dots(CDs)are a new class of zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterials,which have been considered for corrosion protection applications in recent years due to their corrosion inhibition effect,fluorescence,low toxicity,facile chemical modification,and cost-effectiveness.This study provides a comprehensive overview of the synthesis,physical and chemical properties,and anticorrosion mechanisms of functionalized CDs.First,the corrosion inhibition performance of different types of CDs is introduced,followed by discussion on their application in the development of smart protective coatings with self-healing and/or self-reporting properties.The effective barrier formed by CDs in the coatings can inhibit the spread of local damage and achieve self-healing behavior.In addition,diverse functional groups on CDs can interact with Fe^(3+)and H^(+)ions generated during the corrosion process;this interaction changes their fluorescence,thereby demonstrating self-reporting behavior.Moreover,challenges and prospects for the development of CD-based corrosion protection systems are also presented.

Down-regulation of MeMYB2 leads to anthocyanin accumulation and increases chilling tolerance in cassava(Manihot esculenta Crantz)

Chilling-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS) is harmful to plants,which usually produce anthocyanins to scavenge ROS as protection from chilling stress.As a tropical crop,cassava is hypersensitive to chilling,but the biochemical basis of this hypersensitivity remains unclear.We previously generated Me MYB2-RNAi transgenic cassava with increased chilling tolerance.Here we report that Me MYB2-RNAi transgenic cassava accumulated less ROS but more cyanidin-3-O-glucoside than the wild type under early chilling stress.Under this stress,the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway was more active in Me MYB2-RNAi lines than in the wild type,and several genes involved in the pathway,including Me TT8,were up-regulated by Me MYB2-RNAi in the transgenic cassava.Me MYB2 bound to the Me TT8 promoter and blocked its expression under both normal and chilling conditions,thereby inhibiting anthocyanin accumulation.Me TT8 was shown to bind to the promoter of Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase(Me DFR-2)and increased Me DFR-2 expression.Me MYB2 appears to act as an inhibitor of chilling-induced anthocyanin accumulation during the rapid response of cassava to chilling stress.

Fuzzy cluster analysis of water mass in the western Taiwan Strait in spring 2019

The classification of the springtime water mass has an important influence on the hydrography,regional climate change and fishery in the Taiwan Strait.Based on 58 stations of CTD profiling data collected in the western and southwestern Taiwan Strait during the spring cruise of 2019,we analyze the spatial distributions of temperature(T)and salinity(S)in the investigation area.Then by using the fuzzy cluster method combined with the T-S similarity number,we classify the investigation area into 5 water masses:the Minzhe Coastal Water(MZCW),the Taiwan Strait Mixed Water(TSMW),the South China Sea Surface Water(SCSSW),the South China Sea Subsurface Water(SCSUW)and the Kuroshio Branch Water(KBW).The MZCW appears in the near surface layer along the western coast of Taiwan Strait,showing low-salinity(<32.0)tongues near the Minjiang River Estuary and the Xiamen Bay mouth.The TSMW covers most upper layer of the investigation area.The SCSSW is mainly distributed in the upper layer of the southwestern Taiwan Strait,beneath which is the SCSUW.The KBW is a high temperature(core value of 26.36℃)and high salinity(core value of 34.62)water mass located southeast of the Taiwan Bank and partially in the central Taiwan Strait.

Prediction of Traffic Volume of Motor Vehicles Based on Mobile Phone Signaling Technology

Urban traffic volume detection is an essential part of trafficplanning in terms of urban planning in China. To improve the statisticsefficiency of road traffic volume, this thesis proposes a method for predictingmotor vehicle traffic volume on urban roads in small and medium-sizedcities during the traffic peak hour by using mobile signal technology. Themethod is verified through simulation experiments, and the limitations andthe improvement methods are discussed. This research can be divided intothree parts: Firstly, the traffic patterns of small and medium-sized cities areobtained through a questionnaire survey. A total of 19745 residents weresurveyed in Luohe, a medium-sized city in China and five travel modes oflocal people were obtained. Secondly, after the characteristics of residents’rest and working time are investigated, a method is proposed in this studyfor the distribution of urban residential and working places based on mobilephone signaling technology. Finally, methods for predicting traffic volume ofthese travel modes are proposed after the characteristics of these travel modesand methods for the distribution of urban residential and working placesare analyzed. Based on the actual traffic volume data observed at offlineintersections, the project team takes Luohe city as the research object and itverifies the accuracy of the prediction method by comparing the predictiondata. The prediction simulation results of traffic volume show that the averageerror rate of traffic volume is unstable. The error rate ranges from 10% to 30%.In this thesis, simulation experiments and field investigations are adopted toanalyze why these errors occur.

Garlic extract addition for soil improvement at various temperatures using enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) method

Enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) is an emerging technique to improve the soil and most studies are carried out at room temperature. However, considering some foundations are in high-temperature environments (>40 ℃), the higher urease activity at high temperature results in the solidification inhomogeneity, limiting the application of EICP. The higher urease activity at high temperature hampers the application of EICP because of solidification inhomogeneity. The garlic extract has been used as a type of urease inhibitor in medical science and food engineering. Here, we propose to use it to control urease activity for sand solidification at high temperature. The effects of garlic extract addition on urease activity and precipitation rates for calcium carbonate (CaCO_(3)) were studied. Extra tests were conducted to study the effect of garlic extract addition on the solidification homogeneity. The results showed that the garlic extract addition significantly decreased urease activity. To reduce the rate of CaCO3 precipitation at different temperatures, a suitable concentration of garlic extract was necessary to obtain a suitable urease activity. In the sand solidification test, garlic extract addition resulted in a smaller difference in sonic time values or CaCO_(3) contents at different parts of samples. The improved solidification homogeneity can achieve higher strength. The correlation between sonic time values and CaCO_(3) content was higher than that between CaCO3 content and strength. Appropriate concentrations of garlic extract were obtained at 35 ℃, 40℃, 45 ℃, 50 ℃, and 55 ℃. The proposed garlic extract addition method was significant to improve the homogeneity of solidified soil in practical engineering applications.

防风化学成分及药理作用

通过查阅近20年相关文献,对防风化学成分及药理作用研究概况进行整理、归纳。防风具有祛风解表,胜湿止痛,止痉等功效,其主要化学成分为升麻素苷和5-0-甲基维斯阿米醇苷,具有解热、镇痛、抗炎、抗菌、抗过敏、抗肿瘤、抗凝血、抗血栓、调节机体免疫功能等药理作用。总结防风化学成分及药理作用,为其开发利用提供参考。

腹腔镜胆囊大部切除术的临床应用体会(附468例报告)

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊大部切除术的适应证及临床应用体会。方法回顾性分析2012年1月-2015年12月解放军第451医院因无法行腹腔镜胆囊切除术而改为胆囊大部切除术的临床病例资料468例。结果术后无死亡病例发生。7例行腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹胆囊大部切除术,5例Mirizzi综合征(I型3例,II型2例)和456例(各种原因导致的三角区粘连)行腹腔镜胆囊大部切除术。术后无严重并发症出现,16例出现胆瘘,2例十二指肠瘘,适当引流后均痊愈。362例随访时间(21.0±4.9)个月,消化不良18例,右上腹或上腹部不适11例。结论对于胆囊三角区粘连严重的胆结石患者,腹腔镜下胆囊大部切除术是安全可行的,可避免对胆道的损伤,术中和术后重点观察患者胆瘘情况。

XELOX化疗方案联合贝伐单抗靶向对结肠癌患者免疫功能、治疗效果及生存质量的影响探究

背景结肠癌为临床常见的恶性肿瘤之一,对其的治疗以手术和化疗为主.约有50%以上的Ⅲ期结肠癌患者,在根治术后任然出现转移、复发,因此结肠癌患者的术后远期生存率一直较低.有研究表明XELOX方案作为结肠癌治疗一线、二线药物,临床疗效不及静脉滴注5-FU/FA;但在联合贝伐单抗作为一线治疗药物,可提高转移性结肠癌化疗患者的无进展生存期.本研究观察了XELOX化疗方案联合贝伐单抗靶向对结肠癌患者免疫功能及治疗效果、生存质量的影响,为临床寻求高效低毒的结肠癌治疗方式,提高结肠癌病人的生存率及生活质量,提供更多的临床数据.目的研究XELOX化疗方案联合贝伐单抗靶向对结肠癌患者免疫功能及治疗效果、生存质量的影响.方法本次研究对象共60例,选取于中国人民解放军第903医院肿瘤科2015-05/2017-05收治的结肠癌术后化疗患者,所选研究对象按入组顺序经数字随机表法分为两组.对照组应用XELOX方案,观察在此基础上联合贝伐单抗治疗.对两组患者化疗后的临床疗效、生存质量评分及毒副反应进行评定比较,并检测治疗前后患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群[CD^(3+)、CD^(4+)、CD^(8+)、自然杀伤细胞(natural killer cell, NK)]细胞水平情况.结果两组经治疗后观察组总有效率90.00%明显大于对照组总有效率76.67%,观察组临床疗效明显优于对照组(P<0.05),观察组治疗后CD^(3+)、CD^(4+)、CD^(8+)、NK水平显著高于对照组;观察组T淋巴细胞亚群水平显著优于对照组(P<0.05),观察组治疗后躯体、情感、社交、认知、角色功能评分显著高于对照组,观察组生存治疗显著优于对照组(P<0.05),观察组化疗后不良反应总发生率13.33%明显低于对照组为50.00%,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 XELOX化疗方案联合贝伐单抗靶向对结肠癌患者具有良好的疗效,能有效抑制结肠癌细胞的增值,能显著改善患者免疫系统功能,并减少化疗的毒副作用,提高患者生存质量.

黄芪防风汤对小鼠抗疲劳与耐缺氧能力的影响及作用机制

目的研究黄芪防风汤对小鼠抗疲劳、耐缺氧的作用及机制。方法随机将健康雄性小鼠分为5组,分别为空白组、阳性对照组、黄芪防风汤高中低剂量组。给药剂量组分别给予3 g.kg^-1、2 g.kg^-1及1 g.kg^-1的黄芪防风汤剂,空白组灌胃给予蒸馏水,阳性对照组给予红景天胶囊0.5 g.kg^-1,连续灌胃14 d。末次给药后进行负重游泳实验及常压耐缺氧实验,记录游泳时间及缺氧死亡时间,并测定小鼠肝糖原、肌糖原、血清尿素氮、血乳酸的含量。结果与空白组比较,黄芪防风汤高中低剂量组均可延长小鼠游泳时间(P<0.01,P<0.05),高中剂量组耐缺氧时间显著提高(P<0.01,P<0.05),高剂量组可以增加肝糖原储备(P<0.05),高中低剂量组可以减少肌糖原消耗(P<0.05),各剂量组小鼠血清尿素氮水平及血乳酸含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),并且黄芪防风汤高剂量组与红景天胶囊抗疲劳效果基本一致。结论黄芪防风汤可以增强小鼠抗疲劳能力,延长小鼠耐缺氧时间,其机制可能与调节小鼠体内代谢,降低血清尿素氮和血乳酸水平有关。

不同时间煎煮柴胡对五柴胡饮中柴胡皂苷含量及药效学的影响

目的通过观察不同时间煎煮柴胡对五柴胡饮中柴胡皂苷α及柴胡皂苷d含量变化及镇咳、镇痛作用的影响,探讨柴胡的最佳煎煮时间。方法采用HPLC法测定不同时间煎煮柴胡对五柴胡饮中的柴胡皂苷α及柴胡皂苷d含量变化;采用氨水诱咳法和热板法观察不同时间煎煮柴胡的五柴胡饮对小鼠的镇咳作用和镇痛作用的影响。结果柴胡先煎15 min时柴胡皂苷α及柴胡皂苷d总含量为34.25 mg/m L,含量最高。柴胡先煎10、15、20、25 min组均可使小鼠咳嗽潜伏期明显延长(P<0.05,P<0.01),五柴胡饮各给药组均使小鼠咳嗽次数减少(P<0.05,P<0.01);柴胡先煎10、15、20、25 min组的痛阈时间较模型对照组有所延长(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论柴胡在先煎15 min时,柴胡皂苷α和柴胡皂苷d总含量最高;柴胡在先煎15 min时,五柴胡饮对风寒表证的镇咳、镇痛作用显著。柴胡入汤剂应先煎15 min为宜。

柴胡化学成分及药理作用研究进展

通过对近20年相关文献的查阅,对柴胡化学成分及药理作用研究概况进行整理、归纳。柴胡具有疏散退热、升举阳气、疏肝解郁等功效,其化学成分主要为三萜类化合物柴胡皂苷,具有解热、镇痛、抗炎、抗菌、抗肝损伤、抗肿瘤、抗抑郁等作用。总结柴胡化学成分及药理作用研究进展,为其开发利用提供参考。