This study develops low-fat microwaved peanut snacks(LMPS)using partially defatted peanuts(PDP)with different defatting ratios,catering to people’s pursuit of healthy,low-fat cuisine.The effects of defatting treatmen...This study develops low-fat microwaved peanut snacks(LMPS)using partially defatted peanuts(PDP)with different defatting ratios,catering to people’s pursuit of healthy,low-fat cuisine.The effects of defatting treatment on the structural characteristics,texture,color,and nutrient composition of LMPS were comprehensively explored.The structural characteristics of LMPS were characterized using X-ray micro-computed tomography(Micro-CT)and scanning electron microscope(SEM).The results demonstrated that the porosity,pore number,pore volume,brightness,brittleness,protein content,and total sugar content of LMPS all significantly increased(P<0.05)with the increase in the defatting ratio.At the micro level,porous structure,cell wall rupture,and loss of intracellular material could be observed in LMPS after defatting treatments.LMPS made from PDP with a defatting ratio of 64.44%had the highest internal pore structural parameters(porosity 59%,pore number 85.3×105,pore volume 68.23 mm3),the brightest color(L*78.39±0.39),the best brittleness(3.64±0.21)mm^(–1)),and the best nutrition(high protein content,(34.02±0.38)%;high total sugar content,(17.45±0.59)%;low-fat content,(27.58±0.85)%).The study provides a theoretical basis for the quality improvement of LMPS.展开更多
With the prevalence of obesity and obesity-related metabolic syndrome,such as insulin resistance in recent years,it is urgent to explore effective interventions to prevent the progression of obesity-related metabolic ...With the prevalence of obesity and obesity-related metabolic syndrome,such as insulin resistance in recent years,it is urgent to explore effective interventions to prevent the progression of obesity-related metabolic syndrome.Palmitoleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid that is available from dietary sources,mainly derived from marine products.P almitoleic acid plays a positive role in maintaining glucose homeostasis and reducing inflammation.However,it is still unknow the mechanism of palmitoleic acid in ameliorating insulin resistance.Here,we investigated the effects of palmitoleic acid on chow diet(CD)-fed and high-fat diet(HFD)-fed mice,which were fed CD or HFD for 12 weeks before administration.We administrated mice with BSA(control),oleic acid,or palmitoleic acid for 6 weeks on top of CD or HFD feeding.We found that palmitoleic acid only improved glucose homeostasis in HFD-fed obese mice by increasing glucose clearance and reducing HOMA-IR.Further study explored that palmitoleic acid changed the composition of gut microbiota by decreasing Firmicutes population and increasing Bacteroidetes population.In colon,palmitoleic acid increased intestinal tight junction integrity and reduced inflammation.Moreover,palmitoleic acid decreased macrophage infiltration in liver and adipose tissue and increase glucose uptake in adipose tissue.Diacylglycerol(DAG)in tissue(for example,liver)is found to positively correlated with HOMA-IR.HFD enhanced the levels of DAGs in liver but not in adipose tissue in this study.Palmitoleic acid did not reverse the high DAG levels induced by HFD in liver.Therefore,in HFD-fed mice,palmitoleic acid reduced insulin resistance by an independent-manner of DAGs.It might be associated with the beneficial effects of palmitoleic acid on altering the gut microbiota composition,improving of intestinal barrier function,and downregulating the inflammation in colon,liver,and adipose tissue.展开更多
BACKGROUND Having a gynecological tumor or undergoing treatment can be a traumatic experience for women,as it affects their self-image and sexual relationships and can lead to psychological reactions.Psychological adj...BACKGROUND Having a gynecological tumor or undergoing treatment can be a traumatic experience for women,as it affects their self-image and sexual relationships and can lead to psychological reactions.Psychological adjustment following cancer occurrence remains a key issue among the survivors.AIM To examine the current status of quality of life(QoL),anxiety,and depression in patients with gynecological cancer and to analyze the factors associated with it.METHODS Data for 160 patients with gynecological malignancies treated at Shanxi Bethune Hospital from June 2020 to June 2023 were collected and analyzed retrospectively.Patients’QoL was assessed using the European Organization for Research on Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General Questionnaire.Their emotional status was evaluated using the Self-Rating Anxiety/Depression Scale.The associated factors of anxiety and depression were analyzed.RESULTS The overall QoL score of the patients 6 months after surgery was 76.39±3.63 points.This included low levels of social and emotional function and severe fatigue and pain.The scores for physiological,functional,emotional,social,and family well-being exhibited an upward trend following surgery compared with those before surgery.One month after surgery,some patients experienced anxiety and depression,with an incidence of 18.75%and 18.13%,respectively.Logistic analysis revealed that good sleep was a protective factor against anxiety and depression in patients with gynecological tumors,whereas physical pain was a risk factor.CONCLUSION Patients with gynecological malignancies often experience anxiety and depression.By analyzing the factors that affect patients’QoL,effective nursing measures can be administered.展开更多
The method of nonlinear parabolized stability equations(PSE) is applied in the simulation of vortex structures in compressible mixing layer.The spatially-evolving unstable waves,which dominate the vortex structure,a...The method of nonlinear parabolized stability equations(PSE) is applied in the simulation of vortex structures in compressible mixing layer.The spatially-evolving unstable waves,which dominate the vortex structure,are investigated through spatial marching method.The instantaneous flow field is obtained by adding the harmonic waves to basic flow.The results show that T-S waves do not keep growing exponentially as the linear evolution,the energy transfer to high order harmonic modes,and that finally all harmonic modes get saturated due to nonlinear interaction.The mean flow distortion induced by the nonlinear interaction between the harmonic modes and their conjugate harmonic ones,makes great change of the average flow and increases the thickness of mixing layer. PSE methods can well capture the two- and three-dimensional large scale nonlinear vortex structures in mixing layers such as vortex roll-up,vortex pairing,and A vortex.展开更多
Drought stress impairs plant growth and other physiological functions. MeHDZ14, a homeodomainleucine zipper I transcription factor, is strongly induced by drought stress in various cassava cultivars.However, the role ...Drought stress impairs plant growth and other physiological functions. MeHDZ14, a homeodomainleucine zipper I transcription factor, is strongly induced by drought stress in various cassava cultivars.However, the role of MeHDZ14 in cassava growth regulation has remained unclear. Here we report that MeHDZ14 affected plant height, such that a dwarf phenotype and altered internode elongation were observed in transgenic cassava lines. MeHDZ14 was found to negatively regulate the biosynthesis of lignin. Its overexpression resulted in abaxially rolled leaves. The morphogenesis of leaf epidermal cells was inhibited by overexpression of MeHDZ14, with decreased auxin and gibberellin and increased cytokinin contents. MeHDZ14 was found to regulate many drought-responsive genes, including genes involved in cell wall synthesis and expansion. MeHDZ14 bound to the promoter of caffeic acid 3-Omethyltransferase 1(MeCOMT1), acting as a transcriptional repressor of genes involved in cell wall development. MeHDZ14 appears to act as a negative regulator of internode elongation and epidermal cell morphogenesis during cassava leaf development.展开更多
A face-mask object detection model incorporating hybrid dilation convolutional network termed ResNet Hybrid-dilation-convolution Face-mask-detector (RHF) is proposed in this paper. Furthermore, a lightweight face-mask...A face-mask object detection model incorporating hybrid dilation convolutional network termed ResNet Hybrid-dilation-convolution Face-mask-detector (RHF) is proposed in this paper. Furthermore, a lightweight face-mask dataset named Light Masked Face Dataset (LMFD) and a medium-sized face-mask dataset named Masked Face Dataset (MFD) with data augmentation methods applied is also constructed in this paper. The hybrid dilation convolutional network is able to expand the perception of the convolutional kernel without concern about the discontinuity of image information during the convolution process. For the given two datasets being constructed above, the trained models are significantly optimized in terms of detection performance, training time, and other related metrics. By using the MFD dataset of 55,905 images, the RHF model requires roughly 10 hours less training time compared to ResNet50 with better detection results with mAP of 93.45%.展开更多
Compared with aqueous single-ion batteries,rechargeable aqueous hybrid ion batteries,especially Li^(+)/Zn^(2+)hybrid ion batteries,are receiving extensive interest owing to their low cost,high operating voltage,and en...Compared with aqueous single-ion batteries,rechargeable aqueous hybrid ion batteries,especially Li^(+)/Zn^(2+)hybrid ion batteries,are receiving extensive interest owing to their low cost,high operating voltage,and energy density.However,their working voltage and lifespan are limited by the decomposition of water and the growth of Zn dendrites.Herein,detrimental side reactions induced by the water reduction and the Zn dendrite growth are successfully suppressed by a poly(propylene glycol)(PPG)-based hybrid ion electrolyte[(1 m Zn(TFSI)2+10 m LiTFSI)in PPG/H2O].The addition of PPG in the electrolyte can not only enhance the bonding strength of hydrogen-bond in water but also tailor the solvation sheath of Zn2+as revealed by synchrotron X-rays.The participated solvation of PPG with Zn^(2+)can weaken Zn-H_(2)O interactions and redistribute Zn^(2+)flux on the surface of the Zn anode,thus inducing favorably even deposition of Zn.In addition,the decomposition of TFSI-contributes a ZnF_(2)-enriched solid electrolyte interface at the Zn anode to further prevent water decomposition and restrain Zn dendrites.The PPG-based electrolyte enables 2.1 V LiMnO_(2)//Zn batteries to deliver high specific capacities(121.7 mAh g^(-1)for a coin cell and 90 mAh g^(-1)for a pouch cell),and maintain 80%of the capacity over 700 cycles at 0.5 C,suggesting a promising pathway for highly reversible aqueous hybrid ion batteries.展开更多
Metal corrosion causes significant economic losses,safety issues,and environmental pollution.Hence,its prevention is of immense research interest.Carbon dots(CDs)are a new class of zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterial...Metal corrosion causes significant economic losses,safety issues,and environmental pollution.Hence,its prevention is of immense research interest.Carbon dots(CDs)are a new class of zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterials,which have been considered for corrosion protection applications in recent years due to their corrosion inhibition effect,fluorescence,low toxicity,facile chemical modification,and cost-effectiveness.This study provides a comprehensive overview of the synthesis,physical and chemical properties,and anticorrosion mechanisms of functionalized CDs.First,the corrosion inhibition performance of different types of CDs is introduced,followed by discussion on their application in the development of smart protective coatings with self-healing and/or self-reporting properties.The effective barrier formed by CDs in the coatings can inhibit the spread of local damage and achieve self-healing behavior.In addition,diverse functional groups on CDs can interact with Fe^(3+)and H^(+)ions generated during the corrosion process;this interaction changes their fluorescence,thereby demonstrating self-reporting behavior.Moreover,challenges and prospects for the development of CD-based corrosion protection systems are also presented.展开更多
Chilling-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS) is harmful to plants,which usually produce anthocyanins to scavenge ROS as protection from chilling stress.As a tropical crop,cassava is hypersensitive to ...Chilling-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS) is harmful to plants,which usually produce anthocyanins to scavenge ROS as protection from chilling stress.As a tropical crop,cassava is hypersensitive to chilling,but the biochemical basis of this hypersensitivity remains unclear.We previously generated Me MYB2-RNAi transgenic cassava with increased chilling tolerance.Here we report that Me MYB2-RNAi transgenic cassava accumulated less ROS but more cyanidin-3-O-glucoside than the wild type under early chilling stress.Under this stress,the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway was more active in Me MYB2-RNAi lines than in the wild type,and several genes involved in the pathway,including Me TT8,were up-regulated by Me MYB2-RNAi in the transgenic cassava.Me MYB2 bound to the Me TT8 promoter and blocked its expression under both normal and chilling conditions,thereby inhibiting anthocyanin accumulation.Me TT8 was shown to bind to the promoter of Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase(Me DFR-2)and increased Me DFR-2 expression.Me MYB2 appears to act as an inhibitor of chilling-induced anthocyanin accumulation during the rapid response of cassava to chilling stress.展开更多
The classification of the springtime water mass has an important influence on the hydrography,regional climate change and fishery in the Taiwan Strait.Based on 58 stations of CTD profiling data collected in the wester...The classification of the springtime water mass has an important influence on the hydrography,regional climate change and fishery in the Taiwan Strait.Based on 58 stations of CTD profiling data collected in the western and southwestern Taiwan Strait during the spring cruise of 2019,we analyze the spatial distributions of temperature(T)and salinity(S)in the investigation area.Then by using the fuzzy cluster method combined with the T-S similarity number,we classify the investigation area into 5 water masses:the Minzhe Coastal Water(MZCW),the Taiwan Strait Mixed Water(TSMW),the South China Sea Surface Water(SCSSW),the South China Sea Subsurface Water(SCSUW)and the Kuroshio Branch Water(KBW).The MZCW appears in the near surface layer along the western coast of Taiwan Strait,showing low-salinity(<32.0)tongues near the Minjiang River Estuary and the Xiamen Bay mouth.The TSMW covers most upper layer of the investigation area.The SCSSW is mainly distributed in the upper layer of the southwestern Taiwan Strait,beneath which is the SCSUW.The KBW is a high temperature(core value of 26.36℃)and high salinity(core value of 34.62)water mass located southeast of the Taiwan Bank and partially in the central Taiwan Strait.展开更多
Urban traffic volume detection is an essential part of trafficplanning in terms of urban planning in China. To improve the statisticsefficiency of road traffic volume, this thesis proposes a method for predictingmotor...Urban traffic volume detection is an essential part of trafficplanning in terms of urban planning in China. To improve the statisticsefficiency of road traffic volume, this thesis proposes a method for predictingmotor vehicle traffic volume on urban roads in small and medium-sizedcities during the traffic peak hour by using mobile signal technology. Themethod is verified through simulation experiments, and the limitations andthe improvement methods are discussed. This research can be divided intothree parts: Firstly, the traffic patterns of small and medium-sized cities areobtained through a questionnaire survey. A total of 19745 residents weresurveyed in Luohe, a medium-sized city in China and five travel modes oflocal people were obtained. Secondly, after the characteristics of residents’rest and working time are investigated, a method is proposed in this studyfor the distribution of urban residential and working places based on mobilephone signaling technology. Finally, methods for predicting traffic volume ofthese travel modes are proposed after the characteristics of these travel modesand methods for the distribution of urban residential and working placesare analyzed. Based on the actual traffic volume data observed at offlineintersections, the project team takes Luohe city as the research object and itverifies the accuracy of the prediction method by comparing the predictiondata. The prediction simulation results of traffic volume show that the averageerror rate of traffic volume is unstable. The error rate ranges from 10% to 30%.In this thesis, simulation experiments and field investigations are adopted toanalyze why these errors occur.展开更多
Enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) is an emerging technique to improve the soil and most studies are carried out at room temperature. However, considering some foundations are in high-temperature environmen...Enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) is an emerging technique to improve the soil and most studies are carried out at room temperature. However, considering some foundations are in high-temperature environments (>40 ℃), the higher urease activity at high temperature results in the solidification inhomogeneity, limiting the application of EICP. The higher urease activity at high temperature hampers the application of EICP because of solidification inhomogeneity. The garlic extract has been used as a type of urease inhibitor in medical science and food engineering. Here, we propose to use it to control urease activity for sand solidification at high temperature. The effects of garlic extract addition on urease activity and precipitation rates for calcium carbonate (CaCO_(3)) were studied. Extra tests were conducted to study the effect of garlic extract addition on the solidification homogeneity. The results showed that the garlic extract addition significantly decreased urease activity. To reduce the rate of CaCO3 precipitation at different temperatures, a suitable concentration of garlic extract was necessary to obtain a suitable urease activity. In the sand solidification test, garlic extract addition resulted in a smaller difference in sonic time values or CaCO_(3) contents at different parts of samples. The improved solidification homogeneity can achieve higher strength. The correlation between sonic time values and CaCO_(3) content was higher than that between CaCO3 content and strength. Appropriate concentrations of garlic extract were obtained at 35 ℃, 40℃, 45 ℃, 50 ℃, and 55 ℃. The proposed garlic extract addition method was significant to improve the homogeneity of solidified soil in practical engineering applications.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,U21A20270)the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province,China(2023TZXD074)+2 种基金the Bingtuan Science and Technology Program,China(2023AB002)the National Peanut Industry Technology System of China(CARS-13-08B)the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD2100402)。
文摘This study develops low-fat microwaved peanut snacks(LMPS)using partially defatted peanuts(PDP)with different defatting ratios,catering to people’s pursuit of healthy,low-fat cuisine.The effects of defatting treatment on the structural characteristics,texture,color,and nutrient composition of LMPS were comprehensively explored.The structural characteristics of LMPS were characterized using X-ray micro-computed tomography(Micro-CT)and scanning electron microscope(SEM).The results demonstrated that the porosity,pore number,pore volume,brightness,brittleness,protein content,and total sugar content of LMPS all significantly increased(P<0.05)with the increase in the defatting ratio.At the micro level,porous structure,cell wall rupture,and loss of intracellular material could be observed in LMPS after defatting treatments.LMPS made from PDP with a defatting ratio of 64.44%had the highest internal pore structural parameters(porosity 59%,pore number 85.3×105,pore volume 68.23 mm3),the brightest color(L*78.39±0.39),the best brittleness(3.64±0.21)mm^(–1)),and the best nutrition(high protein content,(34.02±0.38)%;high total sugar content,(17.45±0.59)%;low-fat content,(27.58±0.85)%).The study provides a theoretical basis for the quality improvement of LMPS.
基金by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81803224)Young Scholars Program of Shandong University(2018WLJH33)to X.G.+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(81973031)Cheeloo Young Scholar Program of Shandong University(21320089963054)to H.W.Young Scholars Program of Shandong University(2018WLJH34)the Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(LMDBKF-2019-05)to L.D.
文摘With the prevalence of obesity and obesity-related metabolic syndrome,such as insulin resistance in recent years,it is urgent to explore effective interventions to prevent the progression of obesity-related metabolic syndrome.Palmitoleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid that is available from dietary sources,mainly derived from marine products.P almitoleic acid plays a positive role in maintaining glucose homeostasis and reducing inflammation.However,it is still unknow the mechanism of palmitoleic acid in ameliorating insulin resistance.Here,we investigated the effects of palmitoleic acid on chow diet(CD)-fed and high-fat diet(HFD)-fed mice,which were fed CD or HFD for 12 weeks before administration.We administrated mice with BSA(control),oleic acid,or palmitoleic acid for 6 weeks on top of CD or HFD feeding.We found that palmitoleic acid only improved glucose homeostasis in HFD-fed obese mice by increasing glucose clearance and reducing HOMA-IR.Further study explored that palmitoleic acid changed the composition of gut microbiota by decreasing Firmicutes population and increasing Bacteroidetes population.In colon,palmitoleic acid increased intestinal tight junction integrity and reduced inflammation.Moreover,palmitoleic acid decreased macrophage infiltration in liver and adipose tissue and increase glucose uptake in adipose tissue.Diacylglycerol(DAG)in tissue(for example,liver)is found to positively correlated with HOMA-IR.HFD enhanced the levels of DAGs in liver but not in adipose tissue in this study.Palmitoleic acid did not reverse the high DAG levels induced by HFD in liver.Therefore,in HFD-fed mice,palmitoleic acid reduced insulin resistance by an independent-manner of DAGs.It might be associated with the beneficial effects of palmitoleic acid on altering the gut microbiota composition,improving of intestinal barrier function,and downregulating the inflammation in colon,liver,and adipose tissue.
文摘BACKGROUND Having a gynecological tumor or undergoing treatment can be a traumatic experience for women,as it affects their self-image and sexual relationships and can lead to psychological reactions.Psychological adjustment following cancer occurrence remains a key issue among the survivors.AIM To examine the current status of quality of life(QoL),anxiety,and depression in patients with gynecological cancer and to analyze the factors associated with it.METHODS Data for 160 patients with gynecological malignancies treated at Shanxi Bethune Hospital from June 2020 to June 2023 were collected and analyzed retrospectively.Patients’QoL was assessed using the European Organization for Research on Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General Questionnaire.Their emotional status was evaluated using the Self-Rating Anxiety/Depression Scale.The associated factors of anxiety and depression were analyzed.RESULTS The overall QoL score of the patients 6 months after surgery was 76.39±3.63 points.This included low levels of social and emotional function and severe fatigue and pain.The scores for physiological,functional,emotional,social,and family well-being exhibited an upward trend following surgery compared with those before surgery.One month after surgery,some patients experienced anxiety and depression,with an incidence of 18.75%and 18.13%,respectively.Logistic analysis revealed that good sleep was a protective factor against anxiety and depression in patients with gynecological tumors,whereas physical pain was a risk factor.CONCLUSION Patients with gynecological malignancies often experience anxiety and depression.By analyzing the factors that affect patients’QoL,effective nursing measures can be administered.
基金supported by the National Natural Sci- ence Foundation of China(11102198)
文摘The method of nonlinear parabolized stability equations(PSE) is applied in the simulation of vortex structures in compressible mixing layer.The spatially-evolving unstable waves,which dominate the vortex structure,are investigated through spatial marching method.The instantaneous flow field is obtained by adding the harmonic waves to basic flow.The results show that T-S waves do not keep growing exponentially as the linear evolution,the energy transfer to high order harmonic modes,and that finally all harmonic modes get saturated due to nonlinear interaction.The mean flow distortion induced by the nonlinear interaction between the harmonic modes and their conjugate harmonic ones,makes great change of the average flow and increases the thickness of mixing layer. PSE methods can well capture the two- and three-dimensional large scale nonlinear vortex structures in mixing layers such as vortex roll-up,vortex pairing,and A vortex.
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System (CARS11-HNCX)the Major Science and Technology Plan of Hainan Province (ZDKJ2021012)+3 种基金the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund for Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (1630052022008)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFD1000501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31501378)the Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab (B21HJ0303)。
文摘Drought stress impairs plant growth and other physiological functions. MeHDZ14, a homeodomainleucine zipper I transcription factor, is strongly induced by drought stress in various cassava cultivars.However, the role of MeHDZ14 in cassava growth regulation has remained unclear. Here we report that MeHDZ14 affected plant height, such that a dwarf phenotype and altered internode elongation were observed in transgenic cassava lines. MeHDZ14 was found to negatively regulate the biosynthesis of lignin. Its overexpression resulted in abaxially rolled leaves. The morphogenesis of leaf epidermal cells was inhibited by overexpression of MeHDZ14, with decreased auxin and gibberellin and increased cytokinin contents. MeHDZ14 was found to regulate many drought-responsive genes, including genes involved in cell wall synthesis and expansion. MeHDZ14 bound to the promoter of caffeic acid 3-Omethyltransferase 1(MeCOMT1), acting as a transcriptional repressor of genes involved in cell wall development. MeHDZ14 appears to act as a negative regulator of internode elongation and epidermal cell morphogenesis during cassava leaf development.
文摘A face-mask object detection model incorporating hybrid dilation convolutional network termed ResNet Hybrid-dilation-convolution Face-mask-detector (RHF) is proposed in this paper. Furthermore, a lightweight face-mask dataset named Light Masked Face Dataset (LMFD) and a medium-sized face-mask dataset named Masked Face Dataset (MFD) with data augmentation methods applied is also constructed in this paper. The hybrid dilation convolutional network is able to expand the perception of the convolutional kernel without concern about the discontinuity of image information during the convolution process. For the given two datasets being constructed above, the trained models are significantly optimized in terms of detection performance, training time, and other related metrics. By using the MFD dataset of 55,905 images, the RHF model requires roughly 10 hours less training time compared to ResNet50 with better detection results with mAP of 93.45%.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22179044).
文摘Compared with aqueous single-ion batteries,rechargeable aqueous hybrid ion batteries,especially Li^(+)/Zn^(2+)hybrid ion batteries,are receiving extensive interest owing to their low cost,high operating voltage,and energy density.However,their working voltage and lifespan are limited by the decomposition of water and the growth of Zn dendrites.Herein,detrimental side reactions induced by the water reduction and the Zn dendrite growth are successfully suppressed by a poly(propylene glycol)(PPG)-based hybrid ion electrolyte[(1 m Zn(TFSI)2+10 m LiTFSI)in PPG/H2O].The addition of PPG in the electrolyte can not only enhance the bonding strength of hydrogen-bond in water but also tailor the solvation sheath of Zn2+as revealed by synchrotron X-rays.The participated solvation of PPG with Zn^(2+)can weaken Zn-H_(2)O interactions and redistribute Zn^(2+)flux on the surface of the Zn anode,thus inducing favorably even deposition of Zn.In addition,the decomposition of TFSI-contributes a ZnF_(2)-enriched solid electrolyte interface at the Zn anode to further prevent water decomposition and restrain Zn dendrites.The PPG-based electrolyte enables 2.1 V LiMnO_(2)//Zn batteries to deliver high specific capacities(121.7 mAh g^(-1)for a coin cell and 90 mAh g^(-1)for a pouch cell),and maintain 80%of the capacity over 700 cycles at 0.5 C,suggesting a promising pathway for highly reversible aqueous hybrid ion batteries.
基金financially supported by the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by the China Association for Science and Technology(YESS,No.2020QNRC001)the National Science and Technology Resources Investigation Program of China(No.2021FY100603)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.FRF-BD-20-28A2)。
文摘Metal corrosion causes significant economic losses,safety issues,and environmental pollution.Hence,its prevention is of immense research interest.Carbon dots(CDs)are a new class of zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterials,which have been considered for corrosion protection applications in recent years due to their corrosion inhibition effect,fluorescence,low toxicity,facile chemical modification,and cost-effectiveness.This study provides a comprehensive overview of the synthesis,physical and chemical properties,and anticorrosion mechanisms of functionalized CDs.First,the corrosion inhibition performance of different types of CDs is introduced,followed by discussion on their application in the development of smart protective coatings with self-healing and/or self-reporting properties.The effective barrier formed by CDs in the coatings can inhibit the spread of local damage and achieve self-healing behavior.In addition,diverse functional groups on CDs can interact with Fe^(3+)and H^(+)ions generated during the corrosion process;this interaction changes their fluorescence,thereby demonstrating self-reporting behavior.Moreover,challenges and prospects for the development of CD-based corrosion protection systems are also presented.
基金supported by the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (322RC798)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFD1000501)+1 种基金the Major Science and Technology Plan of Hainan Province (ZDKJ2021012)the China Agriculture Research System (CARS11-HNCX)。
文摘Chilling-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS) is harmful to plants,which usually produce anthocyanins to scavenge ROS as protection from chilling stress.As a tropical crop,cassava is hypersensitive to chilling,but the biochemical basis of this hypersensitivity remains unclear.We previously generated Me MYB2-RNAi transgenic cassava with increased chilling tolerance.Here we report that Me MYB2-RNAi transgenic cassava accumulated less ROS but more cyanidin-3-O-glucoside than the wild type under early chilling stress.Under this stress,the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway was more active in Me MYB2-RNAi lines than in the wild type,and several genes involved in the pathway,including Me TT8,were up-regulated by Me MYB2-RNAi in the transgenic cassava.Me MYB2 bound to the Me TT8 promoter and blocked its expression under both normal and chilling conditions,thereby inhibiting anthocyanin accumulation.Me TT8 was shown to bind to the promoter of Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase(Me DFR-2)and increased Me DFR-2 expression.Me MYB2 appears to act as an inhibitor of chilling-induced anthocyanin accumulation during the rapid response of cassava to chilling stress.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 42106005,91958203,41676131,41876155.
文摘The classification of the springtime water mass has an important influence on the hydrography,regional climate change and fishery in the Taiwan Strait.Based on 58 stations of CTD profiling data collected in the western and southwestern Taiwan Strait during the spring cruise of 2019,we analyze the spatial distributions of temperature(T)and salinity(S)in the investigation area.Then by using the fuzzy cluster method combined with the T-S similarity number,we classify the investigation area into 5 water masses:the Minzhe Coastal Water(MZCW),the Taiwan Strait Mixed Water(TSMW),the South China Sea Surface Water(SCSSW),the South China Sea Subsurface Water(SCSUW)and the Kuroshio Branch Water(KBW).The MZCW appears in the near surface layer along the western coast of Taiwan Strait,showing low-salinity(<32.0)tongues near the Minjiang River Estuary and the Xiamen Bay mouth.The TSMW covers most upper layer of the investigation area.The SCSSW is mainly distributed in the upper layer of the southwestern Taiwan Strait,beneath which is the SCSUW.The KBW is a high temperature(core value of 26.36℃)and high salinity(core value of 34.62)water mass located southeast of the Taiwan Bank and partially in the central Taiwan Strait.
文摘Urban traffic volume detection is an essential part of trafficplanning in terms of urban planning in China. To improve the statisticsefficiency of road traffic volume, this thesis proposes a method for predictingmotor vehicle traffic volume on urban roads in small and medium-sizedcities during the traffic peak hour by using mobile signal technology. Themethod is verified through simulation experiments, and the limitations andthe improvement methods are discussed. This research can be divided intothree parts: Firstly, the traffic patterns of small and medium-sized cities areobtained through a questionnaire survey. A total of 19745 residents weresurveyed in Luohe, a medium-sized city in China and five travel modes oflocal people were obtained. Secondly, after the characteristics of residents’rest and working time are investigated, a method is proposed in this studyfor the distribution of urban residential and working places based on mobilephone signaling technology. Finally, methods for predicting traffic volume ofthese travel modes are proposed after the characteristics of these travel modesand methods for the distribution of urban residential and working placesare analyzed. Based on the actual traffic volume data observed at offlineintersections, the project team takes Luohe city as the research object and itverifies the accuracy of the prediction method by comparing the predictiondata. The prediction simulation results of traffic volume show that the averageerror rate of traffic volume is unstable. The error rate ranges from 10% to 30%.In this thesis, simulation experiments and field investigations are adopted toanalyze why these errors occur.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51578147)the Science and Technology Department of Ningxia(Grant No.2020BFG02014)the Trans-portation Department of Ningxia(Grant No.202000173).
文摘Enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) is an emerging technique to improve the soil and most studies are carried out at room temperature. However, considering some foundations are in high-temperature environments (>40 ℃), the higher urease activity at high temperature results in the solidification inhomogeneity, limiting the application of EICP. The higher urease activity at high temperature hampers the application of EICP because of solidification inhomogeneity. The garlic extract has been used as a type of urease inhibitor in medical science and food engineering. Here, we propose to use it to control urease activity for sand solidification at high temperature. The effects of garlic extract addition on urease activity and precipitation rates for calcium carbonate (CaCO_(3)) were studied. Extra tests were conducted to study the effect of garlic extract addition on the solidification homogeneity. The results showed that the garlic extract addition significantly decreased urease activity. To reduce the rate of CaCO3 precipitation at different temperatures, a suitable concentration of garlic extract was necessary to obtain a suitable urease activity. In the sand solidification test, garlic extract addition resulted in a smaller difference in sonic time values or CaCO_(3) contents at different parts of samples. The improved solidification homogeneity can achieve higher strength. The correlation between sonic time values and CaCO_(3) content was higher than that between CaCO3 content and strength. Appropriate concentrations of garlic extract were obtained at 35 ℃, 40℃, 45 ℃, 50 ℃, and 55 ℃. The proposed garlic extract addition method was significant to improve the homogeneity of solidified soil in practical engineering applications.