SEIAR模型在应急医疗物资动态分配优化中的应用

针对突发公共卫生事件中应急物资供应不足、分配不合理、配送效率低等问题给疫情防控带来的影响,用引入迁移率的传染病模型SEIAR(susceptible-exposed-infected-asymptomatic-recoverd,SEIAR)预测需求地不同时间段内受灾人数的动态变化,从而间接预测应急医疗物资的需求量;建立以需求地满足率最大化、运输时间最小化及总成本最小化为目标的多目标应急医疗物资动态分配模型。提出一种融合莱维飞行和非线性自适应惯性权重的改进鲸鱼优化算法,以提高算法寻优精度。以某地区新冠疫情发生状况为案例进行验证与仿真。结果表明,所构建的SEIAR模型具有较好的适应性,与传统的遗传算法(GA)、粒子群优化算法(PSO)相比,所提出的算法收敛速度更快,收敛精度更高。

Lupenone improves motor dysfunction in spinal cord injury mice through inhibiting the inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in microglia via the nuclear factor kappa B pathway

Spinal cord injury-induced motor dysfunction is associated with neuroinflammation.Studies have shown that the triterpenoid lupenone,a natural product found in various plants,has a remarkable anti-inflammatory effect in the context of chronic inflammation.However,the effects of lupenone on acute inflammation induced by spinal cord injury remain unknown.In this study,we established an impact-induced mouse model of spinal cord injury,and then treated the injured mice with lupenone(8 mg/kg,twice a day)by intrape ritoneal injection.We also treated BV2 cells with lipopolysaccharide and adenosine5’-triphosphate to simulate the inflammatory response after spinal cord injury.Our res ults showed that lupenone reduced IKBa activation and p65 nuclear translocation,inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome function by modulating nuclear factor kappa B,and enhanced the conve rsion of proinflammatory M1 mic roglial cells into anti-inflammatory M2 microglial cells.Furthermore,lupenone decreased NLRP3 inflammasome activation,NLRP3-induced mic roglial cell polarization,and microglia pyroptosis by inhibiting the nuclear factor kappa B pathway.These findings suggest that lupenone protects against spinal cord injury by inhibiting inflammasomes.

HNCOCa^(+)的光谱和成键:基质隔离和计算研究

金属(异)氰化物是星际介质中金属化合物的主要组成部分.它们的氧化物-金属(异)氰酸作为潜在的星际分子也备受关注.然而,作为金属(异)氰酸的前体,阳离子HNCOM^(+)的研究却非常有限.本文通过红外光谱、同位素取代和量子化学计算,对HNCOCa^(+)进行了详细研究.为了进行对比,还探索研究了HNCOBe^(+)和HNCOBa^(+)阳离子.结果表明,金属阳离子与HNCO反应可以生成HNCOCa^(+)和HNCO-Be^(+),但未观测到HNCOBa^(+)的生成.HNCOCa^(+)中非对称和对称NCO伸缩振动频率(2362.6和1330.4 cm^(-1))高于自由的HNCO分子(2268.5和1320.3 cm^(-1)),但比HNCOBe^(+)(2426.4和1355.2 cm^(-1))低.这些频率的变化是由HNCOBe^(+)和HNCOCa^(+)中NCO单元内的电荷极化导致.成键分析表明,HNCO-Be^(+)键倾向于共价性质(54%),而HNCO-Ca^(+)键则具有较高的静电性质(57%).在HNCO-Ba^(+)键中,占主导的静电相互作用(64%)导致了低的O-Ba键能,这解释了其在实验中未被制备的原因.

海陆过渡相页岩储层液岩作用机理及钻井液体系构建

我国海陆过渡相页岩地质储量大、资源丰度高,开发前景广阔。但钻井过程中井壁极易发生掉块、坍塌,导致井壁失稳影响钻井安全。本文通过钻井岩心观察、电镜和CT扫描、X射线衍射分析等相关实验,得到储层岩样矿物组分及微观结构等特征,结果表明:页岩气储层全岩主要含石英和黏土矿物,地层黏土矿物含量高达45.7%,且黏土矿物中不含蒙脱石,高岭石含量为35%,伊/蒙混层含量为26%;岩样表面纳微米孔隙和微裂缝发育,裂缝宽度在微米级并连通多条窄裂缝;通过岩液作用后晶层间距、表面张力、线性膨胀率和裂缝扩展变化分析,海陆过渡相页岩仅发生表面水化,揭示了海陆过渡相页岩气储层岩液作用机理。优选了水基钻井液抑制剂、封堵剂与润滑剂,构建了一套海陆过渡相页岩气储层的高性能水基钻井液体系,并对其展开了室内评价。钻井液常规性能、抑制性、封堵性、润滑性评价实验结果表明,该钻井液体系抗温100℃,高温高压失水6 mL,泥页岩膨胀率为1.03%,钻井液润滑系数整体小于0.15,体系30 min的API滤失量较基浆降低40%,可对地层微裂缝实现有效封堵,且生物毒性EC50值为37260 mg/L,属于无毒级别,能够满足海陆过渡相页岩气钻井作业施工对钻井液性能的要求并进行了现场应用,封堵防塌效果良好,可有效解决海陆过渡相泥页岩井壁失稳的技术难题。

On-Chip Micro Temperature Controllers Based on Freestanding Thermoelectric Nano Films for Low-Power Electronics

Multidimensional integration and multifunctional com-ponent assembly have been greatly explored in recent years to extend Moore’s Law of modern microelectronics.However,this inevitably exac-erbates the inhomogeneity of temperature distribution in microsystems,making precise temperature control for electronic components extremely challenging.Herein,we report an on-chip micro temperature controller including a pair of thermoelectric legs with a total area of 50×50μm^(2),which are fabricated from dense and flat freestanding Bi2Te3-based ther-moelectric nano films deposited on a newly developed nano graphene oxide membrane substrate.Its tunable equivalent thermal resistance is controlled by electrical currents to achieve energy-efficient temperature control for low-power electronics.A large cooling temperature difference of 44.5 K at 380 K is achieved with a power consumption of only 445μW,resulting in an ultrahigh temperature control capability over 100 K mW^(-1).Moreover,an ultra-fast cooling rate exceeding 2000 K s^(-1) and excellent reliability of up to 1 million cycles are observed.Our proposed on-chip temperature controller is expected to enable further miniaturization and multifunctional integration on a single chip for microelectronics.

Electric-controlled pressure relief valve for enhanced safety in liquid-cooled lithium-ion battery packs

The liquid-cooled battery energy sto rage system(LCBESS) has gained significant attention due to its superior thermal management capacity.However,liquid-cooled battery pack(LCBP) usually has a high sealing level above IP65,which can trap flammable and explosive gases from battery thermal runaway and cause explosions.This poses serious safety risks and challenges for LCBESS.In this study,we tested overcharged battery inside a commercial LCBP and found that the conventionally mechanical pressure relief valve(PRV) on the LCBP had a delayed response and low-pressure relief efficiency.A realistic 20-foot model of an energy storage cabin was constructed using the Flacs finite element simulation software.Comparative studies were conducted to evaluate the pressure relief efficiency and the influence on neighboring battery packs in case of internal explosions,considering different sizes and installation positions of the PRV.Here,a newly developed electric-controlled PRV integrated with battery fault detection is introduced,capable of starting within 50 ms of the battery safety valve opening.Furthermore,the PRV was integrated with the battery management system and changed the battery charging and discharging strategy after the PRV was opened.Experimental tests confirmed the efficacy of this method in preventing explosions.This paper addresses the safety concerns associated with LCBPs and proposes an effective solution for explosion relief.

Research on Three-Dimensional Simulation of the Internal Arc Gear Skiving

Aiming at the problems that the simulation accuracy which is reduced due to the simplification of the model,a three-dimensional simulation method based on solid modeling is being proposed.By analyzing the motion relationship and positional relationship between the caries knife and the workpiece,the coordinate system of the caries machining was established.With the MATLAB software,the cutting edge model and the blade sweeping surface model of the boring cutter are sequentially established.Boolean operation is performed on the blade swept surface formed by the tooth cutter teeth with time t and the workpiece tooth geometry as well as the undeformed three-dimensional chip geometry model and the instantaneous cogging geometry model are obtained at different times.Through the compare between gear end face simulation tooth profile and the theoretical inner arc tooth profile,we verified the accuracy and rationality of the proposed method.

企业绩效反馈对大股东隧道行为影响机理探究——企业所有制性质和市场化程度的调节作用

绩效反馈能够影响大股东隧道行为且受制于企业内部股权结构和外部市场环境的调节作用,但现有文献中缺乏探讨有关绩效反馈对大股东隧道行为影响机理方面的学术成果。笔者依据2011—2020年中国沪深A股市场中剔除了金融类等特殊类型企业后的上市公司数据,利用多元线性回归方法,实证检验绩效反馈对大股东隧道行为的影响及其过程中企业所有制性质和企业所在地区市场化程度的调节作用。结果证实:绩效反馈与大股东隧道行为之间存在显著的正U型关系;企业所有制性质和企业所在地区市场化程度对绩效反馈与大股东隧道行为之间的正U型关系具有调节作用,国有企业属性和企业所在地区市场化程度的提高会削弱两者之间的关系。本研究基于实证检验的研究结论,在一定程度上拓展了企业行为理论和代理理论的边际,丰富了绩效反馈和隧道行为方面的相关文献,为监管机构防治大股东隧道行为的具体实践提供了理论依据。

Comparison of Child-Pugh, MELD, MELD-Na, and ALBI Scores in Predicting In-Hospital Mortality in Patients with HCC

Background & Objectives: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) leads to high morbidity and mortality. Various models have been proposed for predicting the outcome of patients with HCC. We aim to compare the prognostic abilities of Child-Pugh, MELD, MELD-Na, and ALBI scores for predicting in-hospital mortality of HCC. Methods: We enrolled patients diagnosed with liver cirrhosis and HCC from May 2017 through May 2018. We further divided eligible patients into hepatitis B virus (HBV), patients without ascites, and patients with ascites subgroups. Areas under the characteristic curves (AUCs) were analyzed. Results: A total of 495 patients were included in the study. We collected data on patients at admission. A majority of patients were infected with HBV (91.5%). None of them were complicated with hepatic encephalopathy. Only 14.9% of patients presented with ascites. In the whole population, AUCs with 95% confidence interval (CI) of Child-Pugh, ALBI, MELD, and MELD-Na scores in predicting in-hospital mortality were 0.889 (95% CI: 0.858 - 0.915), 0.849 (95% CI: 0.814 - 0.879), 0.669 (95% CI: 0.626 - 0.711), and 0.721 (95% CI: 0.679 - 0.760), respectively. In the patients without ascites subgroup, Child-Pugh showed better discriminatory ability than ALBI score in predicting in-hospital mortality (P = 0.0002), while there were no significant differences among other comparisons. Conclusions: Child-Pugh and ALBI may be useful predictors for predicting in-hospital mortality in whole patients, in patients with HBV infection, and in patients without ascites. In HCC patients with ascites, MELD-Na may be effective for predicting in-hospital mortality.

股骨头旋转中心变异相关指标的影像学测量分析

目的:通过分析不同髋关节疾病的股骨头旋转中心变异情况为髋关节置换提供指导。方法:自2016年3月至2021年6月因各种原因拍射双髋关节正位等比例平片患者共5459例。测量股骨头旋转中心与大转子顶点的相对位置关系,高于大转子顶点2 mm以上为正变异,低于大转子顶点2 mm以上为负变异,共收集831例股骨头旋转中心变异的患者,按照不同疾病分为4组,其中正常组15例,10例为正变异,5例为负变异;股骨头缺血性坏死组145例,25例为正变异,120例为负变异;先天性髋关节发育不良组346例,正变异225例(其中CroweⅠ型25例,Ⅱ型70例,Ⅲ型115例,Ⅳ型15例),负变异121例(其中CroweⅠ型50例,Ⅱ型60例,Ⅲ型10例,Ⅳ型1例);髋关节骨性关节炎组325例,正变异45例,负变异280例。结果:各组患者组间比较,股骨头旋转中心变异情况差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),先天性髋关节发育不良组不同分型之间比较,股骨头旋转中心变异情况差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。股骨头旋转中心不同变异情况在颈干角、偏心距的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:股骨头旋转中心变异与颈干角和偏心距有关。股骨头旋转中心变异是髋关节疾患的重要因素。股骨头旋转中心变异在不同髋关节疾病中变异情况不同,股骨头缺血性坏死及髋关节骨关节炎多为负变异。随着先天性髋关节发育不良程度的加重,股骨头旋转中心变异逐渐由负变异转为正变异。髋关节置换术前计划时要注意股骨头旋转中心的变异情况,对选择合适的假体和准确的安放假体有重要意义。

临汾区块煤系地层泥页岩防塌钻井液技术研究

临汾区块煤系地层山西组泥页岩易发生井壁失稳,导致钻井非生产时效多,钻井周期长,是影响临汾区块致密气水平井钻井提速提效的主要原因之一。为解决泥页岩失稳问题,采用钻井岩心观察、扫描电镜、X射线衍射分析以及膨胀率和回收率测定等方法,分析了山西组泥页岩宏观、微观特征和理化特性,探讨了其对山西组泥页岩井壁稳定的影响。研究表明,山西组泥页岩在清水中浸泡7天后破裂,扫描电镜观察发现微裂缝宽度为0.32~7.69μm,黏土矿物中高岭石占比为37.2%、伊蒙混层占比为35.2%。为此,提出了强封堵、强抑制和低滤失量的防塌钻井液技术对策,形成了高性能防塌钻井液体系配方。评价表明,该体系老化后中压失水2.4 mL,高温高压失水8.8 mL,泥页岩膨胀率为0.73%,滚动回收率为99.3%。该体系已在临汾区块1口井进行了现场试验,应用效果良好,表明该技术能够有效解决脆性泥页岩的井壁失稳问题,具有推广应用价值。

大宁-吉县区块深层煤岩气水平井钻井技术

为了解决鄂尔多斯盆地东缘大宁-吉县区块深层煤岩气先导性试验区大平台钻井轨道设计困难、长裸眼段反复漏失、泥灰互层可钻性差、泥岩和煤岩易坍塌、水平段固井质量差等技术难题,从先导性试验区煤岩储层特征和岩石力学特性入手,开展了井眼轨道优化设计、防漏堵漏工艺技术、高性能PDC钻头设计、长裸眼段钻井液技术和固井工艺技术等关键技术的研究,形成大宁-吉县区块深层煤岩气水平井钻井技术。在先导性试验区25口水平井中应用结果表明:高性能PDC钻头平均进尺、平均机械钻速明显提升,复杂时效有效降低,钻井周期明显缩短,防漏堵漏提升明显,固井质量合格率100%,提质提效效果明显。研究成果可为鄂尔多斯盆地东缘深层煤岩气的有效动用提供技术支持,对我国其他深层煤岩气区块勘探开发具有一定的借鉴意义。

Combustion performance of pulverized coal and corresponding kinetics study after adding the additives of Fe_(2)O_(3) and CaO

Combustion performance of pulverized coal(PC)in blast furnace(BF)process is regarded as a criteria parameter to assess the prop-er injection dosage of PC.In this paper,effects of two kinds of additives,Fe_(2)O_(3) and CaO,on PC combustion were studied using the thermo-gravimetric method.The results demonstrate that both the Fe_(2)O_(3) and CaO can promote combustion performance index of PC including igni-tion index(C_(i)),burnout index(D_(b)),as well as comprehensive combustibility index(S_(n)).The S_(n) increases from 1.37×10^(−6) to 2.16×10^(−6)%2·min^(−2)·℃^(−3) as the Fe_(2)O_(3) proportion increases from 0 to 5.0wt%.Additionally,the combustion kinetics of PC was clarified using the Coats-Redfern method.The results show that the activation energy(E)of PC combustion decreases after adding the above additives.For instance,the E decreases from 56.54 to 35.75 kJ/mol when the Fe_(2)O_(3) proportion increases from 0 to 5.0wt%,which supports the improved combustion per-formance.Moreover,it is uneconomic to utilize pure Fe_(2)O_(3) and CaO in production.Based on economy analysis,we selected the iron-bearing dust(IBD)which contains much Fe_(2)O_(3) and CaO component to investigate,and got the same effects.Therefore,the IBD is a potential option for catalytic PC combustion in BF process.

In-situ 3D contour measurement for laser powder bed fusion based on phase guidance

In-situ layerwise imaging measurement of laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)provides a wealth of forming and defect data which enables monitoring of components quality and powder bed homogeneity.Using high-resolution camera layerwise imaging and image processing algorithms to monitor fusion area and powder bed geometric defects has been studied by many researchers,which successfully monitored the contours of components and evaluated their accuracy.However,research for the methods of in-situ 3D contour measurement or component edge warping identification is rare.In this study,a 3D contour mea-surement method combining gray intensity and phase difference is proposed,and its accuracy is verified by designed experiments.The results show that the high-precision of the 3D contours can be achieved by the constructed energy minimization function.This method can detect the deviations of common ge-ometric features as well as warpage at LPBF component edges,and provides fundamental data for in-situ quality monitoring tools.

Reverse gate leakage mechanism of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with Au-free gate

The reverse gate leakage mechanism of W-gate and Ti N-gate AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors(HEMTs)with N2plasma surface treatment is investigated using current–voltage(I–V)and capacitance–voltage(C–V)characteristics and theoretical calculation analysis.It is found that the main reverse gate leakage mechanism of both devices is the trapassisted tunneling(TAT)mechanism in the entire reverse bias region(-30 V to 0 V).It is also found that the reverse gate leakage current of the W-gate Al GaN/GaN HEMTs is smaller than that of the TiN gate at high reverse gate bias voltage.Moreover,the activation energies of the extracted W-gate and Ti N-gate AlGaN/GaN HEMTs are 0.0551 e V–0.127 eV and0.112 eV–0.201 eV,respectively.

Neuro-11:a new questionnaire for the assessment of somatic symptom disorder in general hospitals

Background Somatic symptom disorder(SSD)commonly presents in general hospital settings,posing challenges for healthcare professionals lacking specialised psychiatric training.The Neuro-11 Neurosis Scale(Neuro-11)offers promise in screening and evaluating psychosomatic symptoms,comprising 11 concise items across three dimensions:somatic symptoms,negative emotions and adverse events.Prior research has validated the scale’s reliability,validity and theoretical framework in somatoform disorders,indicating its potential as a valuable tool for SSD screening in general hospitals.Aims This study aimed to establish the reliability,validity and threshold of the Neuro-11 by comparing it with standard questionnaires commonly used in general hospitals for assessing SSD.Through this comparative analysis,we aimed to validate the effectiveness and precision of the Neuro-11,enhancing its utility in clinical settings.Methods Between November 2020 and December 2021,data were collected from 731 patients receiving outpatient and inpatient care at Shenzhen People’s Hospital in China for various physical discomforts.The patients completed multiple questionnaires,including the Neuro-11,Short Form 36 Health Survey,Patient Health Questionnaire 15 items,Hamilton Anxiety Scale and Hamilton Depression Scale.Psychiatry-trained clinicians conducted structured interviews and clinical examinations to establish a gold standard diagnosis of SSD.Results The Neuro-11 demonstrated strong content reliability and structural consistency,correlating significantly with internationally recognised and widely used questionnaires.Despite its brevity,the Neuro-11 exhibited significant correlations with other questionnaires.A test-retest analysis yielded a correlation coefficient of 1.00,Spearman-Brown coefficient of 0.64 and Cronbach’sαcoefficient of 0.72,indicating robust content reliability and internal consistency.Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the validity of the three-dimensional structure(p<0.001,comparative fit index=0.94,Tucker-Lewis index=0.92,root mean square error of approximation=0.06,standardised root mean square residual=0.04).The threshold of the Neuro-11 is set at 10 points based on the maximum Youden’s index from the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.In terms of diagnostic efficacy,the Neuro-11 has an area under the curve of 0.67.

中国石油乙烯技术专利群建设及推广案例分析

近年来,中国石油乙烯团队紧跟发展新方向,成功研发出百万吨乙烷裂解制乙烯技术、大型复杂原料制乙烯成套技术、乙烯高效节能技术及碳减排技术,各项工艺关键技术指标达到国际先进水平,部分达到国际领先水平。为保护自有技术的核心竞争力,制定了乙烯专利群建设计划,对各类相关专利申请进行梳理和布局,加强专利分析、知识产权风险预警,通过持续开发、申报、维护,逐步形成覆盖面广、保护有力的乙烯技术专利群。中国石油大型乙烯裂解技术专利已实现产业转化,成功应用于22个新建、改造乙烯项目中,并在推广应用中根据用户需求进一步升级和优化,形成了自有技术良性可持续发展路径,为探索知识产权与科技创新融合发展模型提供了案例支撑。

设置低温乙烯罐对乙烯装置液化能力的影响

总结了乙烯装置下游设置乙烯球罐和低温罐时,乙烯工艺流程正常操作和液化工况操作工艺流程与压缩机参数对比。当乙烯装置下游设置低温罐时,受限于压缩机选型,很难做到50%液化产品的能力,但可以通过降低装置操作负荷的方式使液相乙烯产品产量最大化。

货运站段装卸车作业标准化建设的实践探索

标准化作业是现场保安全、提质量的重中之重,如何更好落实标准化作业,是货运站段亟待解决的难点。通过分析货运站段标准化规范化建设工作的现状,针对货运规章缺少系统归纳、规章内容缺少线性指引、作业流程缺少货装融合等问题,创新性地按照装卸车品类、车种车型、装卸作业方式、技术条件等特点,以装卸车先后作业过程为时间轴,制定《装卸车作业流程及标准》,通过常态化落实《装卸车作业流程及标准》,增强货运干部职工业务水平,规范作业行为,提升现场作业标准化质量,确保铁路货物运输安全。

Microstructures and properties of rapidly solidified Cu90Zr10-xAlx alloys

Cu_(90)Zr_(10-x)Al_x(x=1, 3, 5, 7, 9; at.%) alloy rods were synthesized based on rapid solidification method. The structure, distribution of elements, mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of the Cu-based alloy samples were studied using X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscope(SEM), electro-probe micro-analyzer(EPMA), uniaxial compression test and four-probe technique. The as-cast Cu_(90)Zr_(10-x)Al_x(x=1, 3, 5; at.%) alloy rods with a diameter of 2 mm exhibit good mechanical properties and electrical conductivity, i.e., high compressive yield strength of 812-1513 MPa, Young's modulus of 52-85 GPa, Vickers hardness of 250-420 and electrical conductivity of 11.1%-12.6% IACS(International Annealed Copper Standard). The composite microstructure composed of high density fibrous duplex structure(Cu_5Zr and α-Cu phases) is thought to be the origin of the high strength.