Submarine or sub-lacustrine lobe deposits are important reservoirs,but the fan fringe deposits form heterogeneities within deep water fan deposits.Fan fringe facies records the complex sediment gravity flow types.By u...Submarine or sub-lacustrine lobe deposits are important reservoirs,but the fan fringe deposits form heterogeneities within deep water fan deposits.Fan fringe facies records the complex sediment gravity flow types.By understanding of the bed types and flow mechanisms,we can identify the fan fringe deposit,which aids in the reconstruction of deep water fan and reservoir evaluations.The Jiucaiyuanzi and Dalongkou sections in the West Bogda Mountains preserve well-exposed 536-m and 171-m thick successions,respectively,of a deep water lacustrine depositional system from the Middle Permian Lucaogou Formation.Bed types of the Lucaogou Formation include high-density turbidite,low-density turbidite,incomplete Bouma-type turbidite,hybrid event beds,and slump deposits.The Lucaogou Formation is interpreted here as a fan fringe facies due to the thin bed thickness that characterize turbidites and hybrid event beds,as well as the predominance of the isolated sheet architecture.Previous studies suggest that these deposits were considered as deposited in a deep water setting due to the absence of wave-related structures.The presence of abundant mud clasts in massive medium-coarse grained sandstone beds reflects the significant erosional capability and interactions between high-density turbidity currents and lake floor.The fan fringe facies here contains amalgamated and thick-bedded homolithic facies(~30%)and thin-bedded heterolithic facies(~70%).The examination of the bed type is of wider significance for facies prediction and reservoir heterogeneity in the sub-lacustrine fan fringe facies.展开更多
Necrosis is a form of cell death, which is related to various serious diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and neurodegeneration. Necrosis-avid agents(NAAs) selectively accumulated in the necrotic tissues ...Necrosis is a form of cell death, which is related to various serious diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and neurodegeneration. Necrosis-avid agents(NAAs) selectively accumulated in the necrotic tissues can be used for imaging and/or therapy of related diseases. The aim of this study was to preliminarily investigate necrosis avidity of ^(131)I-evans blue( ^(131)I-EB) and its mechanism. The biodistribution of ^(131)I-EB at 24 h after intravenous administration showed that the radioactivity ratio of necrotic to viable tissue was 3.41 in the liver and 11.82 in the muscle as determined by γ counting in model rats. Autoradiography and histological staining displayed preferential uptake of ^(131)I-EB in necrotic tissues. In vitro nuclear extracts from necrotic cells exhibited 82.3% of the uptake in nuclei at 15 min, as well as 79.2% of the uptake at 2 h after ^(131)I-EB incubation. The DNA binding study demonstrated that evans blue(EB) has strong binding affinity with calf-thymus DNA(CT-DNA)(K_(sv)= 5.08×10~5 L/(mol/L)). Furthermore,the accumulation of ^(131)I-EB in necrotic muscle was efficiently blocked by an excess amount of unlabeled EB.In conclusion, ^(131)I-EB can not only detect necrosis by binding the DNA released from necrotic cells, but also image necrotic tissues generated from the disease clinically.展开更多
With the development of renewable energy and the changes in the characteristics of power grid,it is becoming increasingly difficult to balance power supply and demand in space and time.In addition,the requirement for ...With the development of renewable energy and the changes in the characteristics of power grid,it is becoming increasingly difficult to balance power supply and demand in space and time.In addition,the requirement for improved dispatching capability of power grid is increasing.Therefore,the potential of flexible load dispatching should be realized,which can promote the large-scale consumption of renewable energy and the construction of new power grid.Based on the analysis of existing load dispatching studies and the differences in the characteristics of domestic and foreign load dispatchings,a technical architecture and several key technologies are proposed for load resources to participate in power grid dispatching under the new situation,i.e.,the autonomous collaborative control system of load dispatching.This system implements the multi-layer coordinated control of main,distribution and micro grids(load aggregators).Adjustable load resources are aggregated through an aggregator operation platform and connected with a dispatcher load regulator platform to realize real-time data interaction with dispatching agencies as well as the monitoring,con-trol,and marketing of aggregators.It supports the load resources to participate in network-wide dispatching optimization via continuous power adjustment.Several key technologies such as the control mode,load modeling,dispatching strategy,and safety protection are also elaborated.Through the closed-loop control of orderly charging piles and energy storage clusters in the North China Power Grid,the feasibility of the proposed architecture and key technologies is verified.This route has successively supported multiple adjustable load aggregators to partici-pate in the ancillary services market of North China Power Grid for peak-shaving.Finally,the technical challenges of load resources participating in power grid dispatching under the dual carbon goals are discussed and prospected.展开更多
While deltas fed by seasonal rivers are common in modem sedimentary environments,their characteristics remain unclear as compared to those fed by perennial rivers.This study identifies a small delta discharged by a se...While deltas fed by seasonal rivers are common in modem sedimentary environments,their characteristics remain unclear as compared to those fed by perennial rivers.This study identifies a small delta discharged by a seasonal stream flowing into Daihai Lake,in northern China,which is driven by ephemeral and high-energy flood events.Detailed 3D facies architecture was analyzed using ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and sedimentary logs from outcrop and trenches.Four types of radar surfaces,including truncations of underlying inclined strata,weak reflections,and depositional surface of downlap and onlap,were identified.Six radar facies (highangle obliquetangential,low-angle subparallel,gently plane parallel,plane-parallel,chaotic,and continuous strong reflection) were identified based on distinctive reflections,including amplitude,continuity,dip,and termination patterns.Five depositional units (Unit A to E) were documented from proximal to distal delta.Seasonal discharge signatures include significant grain-size decrease over short distance,abundant Froude supercritical flow sedimentary structures,poorly developed barforms,and small-scale scour and fill structures.Records of lake-level and sediment budget were evaluated over the past 60 years.In highstand stage (1960- 1980),amalgamated channel (Units A and B),and delta front (Unit C) were deposited.In slope stage (1980-1996),the lower deposits (Units A,B,C) were eroded by Unit D with a distinct truncation surface.In lowstand stage,most eroded sediments bypassed the incised channel and accumulated in the distal part,in which a new depositional unit was formed (Unit E).The model demonstrates that deltas fed by seasonal rivers tend to accumulate large amounts of sediments carried by high magnitude floods within short periods.展开更多
Determining the origin of beach ridges in lacustrine basins can often be problematic. The sedimen- tary processes responsible for formation of beach ridges on the north shore of Huangqihai Lake were investigated by us...Determining the origin of beach ridges in lacustrine basins can often be problematic. The sedimen- tary processes responsible for formation of beach ridges on the north shore of Huangqihai Lake were investigated by using ground penetrating radar （GPR）. A 400 MHz GPR antenna was used to achieve a high vertical resolution of 0.044）.08 m. The radar stratigraphy was then determined using principles of seismic stratigraphy. The radar facies （RF） were determined by analyzing internal configuration and continuity of reflections, as well as reflection termination patterns. The identified RF fall into three groups （inclined, horizontal and irregular）. The inclined group consists of RF that display inclined reflections. The horizontal group consists of RF that exhibit predominantly horizontal reflections. In the irregular group, the reflections are typically weak. RF with reflections with gently landward dips in the shore-normal profile are interpreted as washover sheet deposits. RF with steeply landward-dipping and imbricated reflections are interpreted as washover lobes. Washover sheets develop when overwash fails to enter a significant body of water and sedimentation takes place entirely on the relatively flattened topography. Washover lobe development occurs when overwash enters a region in which topography dips steeply landward, and sedimentation takes place on the surface of washover sheets or previous washover lobes. The beach-ridge deposits are interpreted as being formed entirely from vertically and laterally stacked washover sheets and washover lobes. They were formed by wave-dominated processes and secondary overwash processes supplemented by longshore currents.展开更多
THE world-wide drive to decrease greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is rapidly changing the mix of fuel resources that are used to generate electricity.The percentage of fossil fuels,especially coal,is declining while...THE world-wide drive to decrease greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is rapidly changing the mix of fuel resources that are used to generate electricity.The percentage of fossil fuels,especially coal,is declining while the percentage of renewable resources,like wind and solar,is increasing.The generation mix has always depended on the avail-ability of different fuels in different regions,like the availability of hydro or the acceptability of nuclear power,and the recent changes also depend on this geography,like the radiance of the sun or the intensity of the wind.Although these changes will lead to different architectures in the evolving power grid,some trends are already being felt.展开更多
基金The study was funded by National Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2017ZX05001-002)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41802129)。
文摘Submarine or sub-lacustrine lobe deposits are important reservoirs,but the fan fringe deposits form heterogeneities within deep water fan deposits.Fan fringe facies records the complex sediment gravity flow types.By understanding of the bed types and flow mechanisms,we can identify the fan fringe deposit,which aids in the reconstruction of deep water fan and reservoir evaluations.The Jiucaiyuanzi and Dalongkou sections in the West Bogda Mountains preserve well-exposed 536-m and 171-m thick successions,respectively,of a deep water lacustrine depositional system from the Middle Permian Lucaogou Formation.Bed types of the Lucaogou Formation include high-density turbidite,low-density turbidite,incomplete Bouma-type turbidite,hybrid event beds,and slump deposits.The Lucaogou Formation is interpreted here as a fan fringe facies due to the thin bed thickness that characterize turbidites and hybrid event beds,as well as the predominance of the isolated sheet architecture.Previous studies suggest that these deposits were considered as deposited in a deep water setting due to the absence of wave-related structures.The presence of abundant mud clasts in massive medium-coarse grained sandstone beds reflects the significant erosional capability and interactions between high-density turbidity currents and lake floor.The fan fringe facies here contains amalgamated and thick-bedded homolithic facies(~30%)and thin-bedded heterolithic facies(~70%).The examination of the bed type is of wider significance for facies prediction and reservoir heterogeneity in the sub-lacustrine fan fringe facies.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFB0405600)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(18JCYBJC85700 and 18JCZDJC30500)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62001326,61274113,and 61404091)the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Information(SKL202007)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Tianjin(20ZYQCGX00070)the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project for College Students(202110060049 and 202110060153).
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81501536 and 81473120)A Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and the Open Project Program of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening(No.JKLDS2015KF-02)
文摘Necrosis is a form of cell death, which is related to various serious diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and neurodegeneration. Necrosis-avid agents(NAAs) selectively accumulated in the necrotic tissues can be used for imaging and/or therapy of related diseases. The aim of this study was to preliminarily investigate necrosis avidity of ^(131)I-evans blue( ^(131)I-EB) and its mechanism. The biodistribution of ^(131)I-EB at 24 h after intravenous administration showed that the radioactivity ratio of necrotic to viable tissue was 3.41 in the liver and 11.82 in the muscle as determined by γ counting in model rats. Autoradiography and histological staining displayed preferential uptake of ^(131)I-EB in necrotic tissues. In vitro nuclear extracts from necrotic cells exhibited 82.3% of the uptake in nuclei at 15 min, as well as 79.2% of the uptake at 2 h after ^(131)I-EB incubation. The DNA binding study demonstrated that evans blue(EB) has strong binding affinity with calf-thymus DNA(CT-DNA)(K_(sv)= 5.08×10~5 L/(mol/L)). Furthermore,the accumulation of ^(131)I-EB in necrotic muscle was efficiently blocked by an excess amount of unlabeled EB.In conclusion, ^(131)I-EB can not only detect necrosis by binding the DNA released from necrotic cells, but also image necrotic tissues generated from the disease clinically.
基金the Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China(No.5400-202011441A-0-0-00)。
文摘With the development of renewable energy and the changes in the characteristics of power grid,it is becoming increasingly difficult to balance power supply and demand in space and time.In addition,the requirement for improved dispatching capability of power grid is increasing.Therefore,the potential of flexible load dispatching should be realized,which can promote the large-scale consumption of renewable energy and the construction of new power grid.Based on the analysis of existing load dispatching studies and the differences in the characteristics of domestic and foreign load dispatchings,a technical architecture and several key technologies are proposed for load resources to participate in power grid dispatching under the new situation,i.e.,the autonomous collaborative control system of load dispatching.This system implements the multi-layer coordinated control of main,distribution and micro grids(load aggregators).Adjustable load resources are aggregated through an aggregator operation platform and connected with a dispatcher load regulator platform to realize real-time data interaction with dispatching agencies as well as the monitoring,con-trol,and marketing of aggregators.It supports the load resources to participate in network-wide dispatching optimization via continuous power adjustment.Several key technologies such as the control mode,load modeling,dispatching strategy,and safety protection are also elaborated.Through the closed-loop control of orderly charging piles and energy storage clusters in the North China Power Grid,the feasibility of the proposed architecture and key technologies is verified.This route has successively supported multiple adjustable load aggregators to partici-pate in the ancillary services market of North China Power Grid for peak-shaving.Finally,the technical challenges of load resources participating in power grid dispatching under the dual carbon goals are discussed and prospected.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.41602117)the opening foundation of the Key Laboratory of Marine Sedimentology & Environmental Geology,SOA (No.MASEG201706).
文摘While deltas fed by seasonal rivers are common in modem sedimentary environments,their characteristics remain unclear as compared to those fed by perennial rivers.This study identifies a small delta discharged by a seasonal stream flowing into Daihai Lake,in northern China,which is driven by ephemeral and high-energy flood events.Detailed 3D facies architecture was analyzed using ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and sedimentary logs from outcrop and trenches.Four types of radar surfaces,including truncations of underlying inclined strata,weak reflections,and depositional surface of downlap and onlap,were identified.Six radar facies (highangle obliquetangential,low-angle subparallel,gently plane parallel,plane-parallel,chaotic,and continuous strong reflection) were identified based on distinctive reflections,including amplitude,continuity,dip,and termination patterns.Five depositional units (Unit A to E) were documented from proximal to distal delta.Seasonal discharge signatures include significant grain-size decrease over short distance,abundant Froude supercritical flow sedimentary structures,poorly developed barforms,and small-scale scour and fill structures.Records of lake-level and sediment budget were evaluated over the past 60 years.In highstand stage (1960- 1980),amalgamated channel (Units A and B),and delta front (Unit C) were deposited.In slope stage (1980-1996),the lower deposits (Units A,B,C) were eroded by Unit D with a distinct truncation surface.In lowstand stage,most eroded sediments bypassed the incised channel and accumulated in the distal part,in which a new depositional unit was formed (Unit E).The model demonstrates that deltas fed by seasonal rivers tend to accumulate large amounts of sediments carried by high magnitude floods within short periods.
基金This paper was supported by the State Scholarship Fund （Grant No. 201406400030）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 41072084） and Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education （Grant No. 20120022130002）. The authors sincerely thank Professor Lars B. Clemmensen of University of Copenhagen for his constructive idea. The authors also thank Beibei Liu, Yonghui Du, Zhaopu Gao and Yanan Miao for their assistance in the field and laboratory. Cliff thanks the Charles T. McCord Chair in Petroleum Geology for support. The authors also thank two anonymous reviewers.
文摘Determining the origin of beach ridges in lacustrine basins can often be problematic. The sedimen- tary processes responsible for formation of beach ridges on the north shore of Huangqihai Lake were investigated by using ground penetrating radar （GPR）. A 400 MHz GPR antenna was used to achieve a high vertical resolution of 0.044）.08 m. The radar stratigraphy was then determined using principles of seismic stratigraphy. The radar facies （RF） were determined by analyzing internal configuration and continuity of reflections, as well as reflection termination patterns. The identified RF fall into three groups （inclined, horizontal and irregular）. The inclined group consists of RF that display inclined reflections. The horizontal group consists of RF that exhibit predominantly horizontal reflections. In the irregular group, the reflections are typically weak. RF with reflections with gently landward dips in the shore-normal profile are interpreted as washover sheet deposits. RF with steeply landward-dipping and imbricated reflections are interpreted as washover lobes. Washover sheets develop when overwash fails to enter a significant body of water and sedimentation takes place entirely on the relatively flattened topography. Washover lobe development occurs when overwash enters a region in which topography dips steeply landward, and sedimentation takes place on the surface of washover sheets or previous washover lobes. The beach-ridge deposits are interpreted as being formed entirely from vertically and laterally stacked washover sheets and washover lobes. They were formed by wave-dominated processes and secondary overwash processes supplemented by longshore currents.
文摘THE world-wide drive to decrease greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is rapidly changing the mix of fuel resources that are used to generate electricity.The percentage of fossil fuels,especially coal,is declining while the percentage of renewable resources,like wind and solar,is increasing.The generation mix has always depended on the avail-ability of different fuels in different regions,like the availability of hydro or the acceptability of nuclear power,and the recent changes also depend on this geography,like the radiance of the sun or the intensity of the wind.Although these changes will lead to different architectures in the evolving power grid,some trends are already being felt.
