Blautia producta displays potential probiotic properties against dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice

Blautia has attracted attention because of its potential efficacy in ameliorating host energy metabolism and inflammation.This study aims to investigate the influences of Blautia producta D4 on colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)and to reveal the underlying mechanisms.Results showed that B.producta D4 intervention significantly relieved body weight loss,and suppressed the elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines(including interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and interleukin-1β(IL-1β))and excessive oxidative stress(myeloperoxidease(MPO)activity,superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity,glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)activity,and malondialdehyde(MDA)level)in colitis mice.Moreover,the concentrations of tight junction proteins(occludin,claudin-1,and ZO-1)related to the intestinal barrier were obviously elevated,and colitis-related TLR4/NF-κB pathway activation was remarkably inhibited after B.producta D4 intervention.The intestinal microbial disorder was evidently ameliorated by increasing the relative abundance of Clostridium sensu stricto 1,Bifidobacterium,GCA-900066225,Enterorhabdus,and reducing the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group.In conclusion,oral administration of B.producta D4 could ameliorate DSS-induced colitis by suppressing inflammatory responses,maintaining the intestinal barrier,inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB pathway,and regulating intestinal microbiota balance.These results are conducive to accelerate the development of B.producta D4 as a functional probiotic for colitis.

Microglial autophagy in neurogenesis:a new player in Alzheimer's disease

While extensive studies have illuminated the impact of Alzheimer's disease(AD) on neuronal survival,there is growing evidence that abnormal postnatal neurogenesis in early AD brains contributes to disease progression.Postnatal neurogenesis serves as a mechanism to replace dead or damaged neurons.New neurons generated from neural stem cells(NSCs) in the subgranular zone(SGZ) of the dentate gyrus integrate into the existing hippocampal circuit.

西藏多龙矿集区铁格隆南铜(金)矿床黄铁矿特征及意义

铁格隆南斑岩-浅成低温热液型铜(金)矿床是班公湖—怒江成矿带上最重要的矿床之一。本文以矿床内发育的黄铁矿为主要研究对象,对其开展微量元素、稀土元素和硫同位素分析。依据产出状态,黄铁矿可以分为黄铁矿-1,黄铁矿-2和黄铁矿-3,其中黄铁矿-2与浅成低温热液型矿化相关,黄铁矿-3与斑岩型矿化相关。黄铁矿-1的Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn、Bi的含量最低,黄铁矿-2的Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn、Bi的含量最高。Cu和Ni、Ag和Cu、Cu和Pb、Ag和Pb、Pb和Zn的相关性可作为黄铁矿-2和黄铁矿-3的辨别标志。黄铁矿-1的δ^(34)S值(1.9‰)最大;黄铁矿-2和黄铁矿-3的δ^(34)S值在–4.5‰~0.3‰之间。黄铁矿富集轻稀土,亏损重稀土,具有“右倾”式稀土配分模式,浅部(200—450 m)黄铁矿的轻重稀土分异程度较大,以正铕异常为主,而深部(700—1000 m)黄铁矿轻重稀土分异相对较小,以负铕异常为主。铁格隆南矿床含硫热液运移方向为横向上从ZK1604向东运移,纵向以ZK1604的230—250 m为中心向深部和侧向运移。黄铁矿中高含量的Cu、Au、Ag以及Ag和Cu、Pb和Zn、Cu和Pb、Ag和Pb的正相关性是指示浅成低温热液型矿化的重要标志,而黄铁矿内Cu和Ni的负相关性是指示斑岩型矿化的标志。

The Function of GABA in Plant Cell Growth, Development and Stress Response

Gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)is a ubiquitous four-carbon non-protein amino acid that is involved in various physiological processes of plant growth and development,such as root architecture,stem elongation,leaf senescence,pollen tube growth,fruit ripening,and seed germination.GABA is also related to plant stress responses,such as drought,salt,cold,and heat stresses.Regulation of GABA in plant stress responses is complex and involves multiple signaling pathways,including calcium and hormone signaling.This paper systematically reviews the synthesis,metabolic pathways and regulatory role of GABA in plants,which will provide new insights into the understanding of plant growth and stress responses and offer novel strategies for improving crop productivity and stress.

Rapid and durable oxygen reduction reaction enabled by a perovskite oxide with self-cleaning surface

The growth of electrochemically inert segregation layers on the surface of solid oxide fuel cell cathodes has become a bottleneck restricting the development of perovskite-structured oxygen reduction catalysts.Here,we report a new discovery in which enriched Ba and Fe ions on the near-surface of Nd_(1/2)Ba_(1/2)Co_(1/3)Fe_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_(3-δ)spontaneously agglomerate into dispersed Ba_(5)Fe_(2)O_(8) nanoparticles and maintain a highly active and durable perovskite structure on the surface.This unique surface selfcleaning phenomenon is related to the low average potential energy of Ba_(5)Fe_(2)O_(8),which is grown on the near-surface layer.The electrochemically inert Ba_(5)Fe_(2)O_(8) segregation layer on the near-surface of the perovskite catalyst achieves self-cleaning by regulating the formation energy of enriched metal oxides.This self-cleaned perovskite surface exhibits an ultrafast oxygen exchange rate,high catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction,and good adaptability to the actual working conditions of solid oxide fuel cell stacks.This study paves a new way for overcoming the stubborn problem of perovskite catalyst surface deactivation and enriches the scientific knowledge of surface catalysis.

Safety profile of 0.0015%tafluprost eye drops in China:a post-marketing observational study

AIM:To investigate the treatment pattern and safety of tafluprost for glaucoma and ocular hypertension(OH)in clinical practice in China.METHODS:This post-marketing observational study included patients who received tafluprost to lower intraocular pressure(IOP)within 30d between September 2017 and March 2020 in 20 hospitals in China.Adverse drug reactions(ADRs)during tafluprost treatment and within 30d after the treatment were collected.RESULTS:A total of 2544 patients were included in this study,of them 58.5%(1488/2544)had primary open angle glaucoma(POAG),21.9%(556/2544)had OH and 19.7%(500/2544)used tafluprost for other reasons.Of 359 ADRs occurred in 10.1%(258/2544)patients,and no serious adverse event occurred.The most common ADR was conjunctival hyperemia(128 ADRs in 124 patients,4.9%).Totally 1670 participants(65.6%)combined tafluprost with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors(CAIs;37.1%,620/1670),sympathomimetics(33.5%,559/1670),β-blockers(33.2%,555/1670),other prostaglandin analogs(PGAs;15.6%,260/1670)and other eye drops(15.1%,253/1670).The highest incidence of conjunctival hyperemia was noted in patients who received tafluprost in combination with other PGAs(23 ADRs in 23 patients,8.8%,23/260)and the lowest was in combination with CAIs(16 ADRs in 16 patients,2.6%,16/620).Tafluprost was applied in primary angle-closure glaucoma(41.6%,208/500),after glaucoma surgery(17.8%,89/500)and after non-glaucoma surgery(15.8%,79/500).CONCLUSION:Tafluprost is safe for POAG and OH,and tolerable when combined with other eye drops and under various clinical circumstances.

Imaging features of retinal hemangioblastoma:A case report

BACKGROUND Hemangioblastoma typically occurs in the cerebellum,spinal cord,and central nervous system.However,in rare cases,it could occur in the retina or optic nerve.The prevalence of retinal hemangioblastoma is 1 in 73080,and it occurs either alone or as the manifestation of von Hippel Lindau(VHL)disease.Here,we reported a rare case with the imaging features of retinal hemangioblastoma without VHL syndrome,along with the relevant literature review.CASE SUMMARY A 53-year-old man had progressive swelling,pain and blurred vision in the left eye without obvious inducement for 15 d.Ultrasonography revealed a possible optic nerve head melanoma.Computed tomography(CT)showed punctate calcification on the posterior wall of the left eye ring and small patchy soft tissue density in the posterior part of the eyeball.Magnetic resonance imaging showed slightly hyperintense signal on T1-weighted images and slightly hypointense-toisointense signal on T2-weighted images at the medial and posterior edges of the left eyeball,a significant enhancement was observed in the contrast-enhanced scans.Positron emission tomography/CT fusion images showed that the glucose metabolism of the lesion was normal.Pathology was consistent with hemangioblastoma.CONCLUSION Early identification of retinal hemangioblastoma based on imaging features is of great value for its personalized treatment.

Effects of Polygonatum odoratum Polysaccharide on Reproductive Hormones in Male Rats Fed a High-fat Diet

[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Polygonatum odoratum polysaccharide(POP)on organ relative weights and reproductive hormone levels in male rats fed a high-fat diet.[Methods]Thirty healthy male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into two groups according to their body weight:10 in normal control group(Group NC,n=10)and 20 in experimental group(n=20).The rats in experimental group were fed a high-fat diet for eight weeks before they were further randomly divided into two groups:high fat group(Group HF)and high fat+400 mg/(kg·d)POP group(Group HF+POP).In Group HF+POP,the rats were administered with POP for another six weeks,before their blood plasma was collected,and the relative weights of their testis and epididymis were calculated.The plasma levels of testosterone(T),estrogen(E2),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),cortisol(C)and luteinizing hormone(LH)were measured by radioimmunoassay,and the plasma levels of sex hormone-binding globulin(SHBG)and insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1)were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.[Results]Compared with Group HF,POP could effectively inhibit rat obesity caused by high-fat diets,increase the relative weights of their testis and epididymis,plasma levels of LH,E2,FSH,T,SHBG and IGF-1,and reduce the plasma level of E2.[Conclusions]Polygonatum odoratum polysaccharide(POP)is able to effectively regulate the level of reproductive hormones in high-fat diet fed rats,and helps to protect their reproductive function.

Problems and Countermeasures of Intelligent Elderly Care Service in the Context of Fewer Children in China

With the intensification of population aging and the implementation of the three-child policy,the elderly care pressure of Chinese families continues to rise.Therefore,accelerating the construction of a new intelligent elderly care service model is an important measure to actively respond to population aging,ease the burden of family elderly care and promote high-quality economic development.In view of this,this study analyzed the intelligent elderly care service to explore the relevant countermeasures of the intelligent elderly care service in the context of fewer children.

西藏某斑岩型铜矿床矿石氧化特征

西藏某斑岩型铜矿床是由西藏地质五队在班公湖-怒江成矿带发现的一个超大型规模的铜矿床。通过多个勘查阶段的投入,确定矿床呈隐伏状,矿石主要为原生硫化矿,少量混合矿,没有氧化矿,混合矿分布于矿体浅表,原生矿分布于混合矿之下。本文通过对该矿床铜物相样品结果进行分析,根据矿石的氧化程度类型划分标准,对矿床进行了“三带”划分,综合评定了该铜矿石的自然类型。

西藏泽错盐湖卤水0℃等温蒸发实验初步探讨

采用等温蒸发结晶、分步分离方法,以水盐体系相图理论为依据,根据卤水蒸发过程中液固相化学组成变化、盐类物相鉴定结果,获得泽错卤水0℃蒸发结晶路线、析盐种类和规律、物料衡算及各离子浓缩富集规律,为西藏泽错盐湖卤水开发和综合利用提供基础实验数据。

父母情绪社会化行为与青少年同伴社交技能的关系:教养方式的调节作用

采用问卷调查法,考察父母情绪社会化行为对青少年同伴社交技能的独特贡献及父母教养方式在其中的调节作用。结果发现:1) 在控制了教养方式之后,母亲情绪教导能显著正向预测青少年同伴社交技能,表明母亲情绪社会化行为对青少年同伴社交技能有独特贡献。父亲情绪社会化行为对青少年同伴社交技能的预测不显著,说明其在同伴社交技能上不存在独特贡献。2) 父亲温暖支持、自主鼓励调节了父亲情绪谈论、情绪教导与青少年同伴社交技能之间的关系,但母亲教养方式对其情绪社会化行为与青少年同伴社交技能之间的调节作用不明显。

电刺激在视网膜退行性疾病治疗中的研究进展

视网膜病变和视神经损伤导致视觉信息无法正常传递到视觉中枢,对患者的视觉功能以及生活质量产生严重影响。临床工作中常见的眼部疾病如青光眼、外伤性视神经病变、视网膜色素变性等均伴有视网膜神经元和/或视神经的退行性病变,而目前临床上常用的神经保护疗法疗效非常有限。近年研究表明,电刺激对视网膜和视神经具有神经保护和促进再生的作用。本文通过对电刺激在眼科应用的进展进行综述,总结电刺激治疗的相关机制,推动电刺激在眼科疾病研究和应用中的发展。

A retrospective study of 2228 cases with eyelid tumors

AIM： To describe the histopathologic and clinical features of eyelid tumor cases from Tianjin Eye Hospital during 2002 to 2015. METHODS： In this retrospective study, a total of 2228 cases of eyelid tumors with pathologic diagnoses were enrolled. The eyelid tumors were classified into three groups according to tumor origin： epidermal, adnexal and miscellaneous, including melanocytic, neural and vascular lesions. Inflammatory tumor-like lesions were excluded. The clinical characteristics of the eyelid tumors were analyzed, including age, gender and lesion location. RESULTS： Most eyelid tumors were epidermal in origin（1080, 48.5%）, followed by miscellaneous（885, 39.7%） and adnexal tumors（263, 11.8%）. Among all the tumors, 292（13.1%） were malignant lesions, 1910（85.7%） benign and 26（1.1%） premalignant lesions. Most malignant tumors originated from epidermal cells（60.0%）, followed by adnexal cells（34.6%）. The most common malignant tumors were basal cell carcinomas（56.5%） followed by sebaceous carcinoma（34.6%）, squamous cell carcinomas（3.8%） and lymphoma/plasmocytoma（1.7%）. The benign and premalignant eyelid lesions mostly originated from epidermal cells（46.4%） followed by miscellaneous cell sources（45.2%）, including melanocytic nevus（33.8%）, seborrheic keratosis（13.7%）, squamous cell papilloma（13.0%） and epidermal cysts（11.5%）. CONCLUSION： Eyelid tumors are mostly epithelial in origin. Benign tumors are significantly more common than malignant tumors with an obvious female predominance, and the most frequent malignant tumor are basal cell carcinoma, sebaceous carcinoma and squamous cell carcinomas. The tumor clinical features varied among the different subtypes.

Effect of the posterior corneal surface on total corneal astigmatism in patients with age-related cataract

AIM： To explore the effect of the posterior astigmatism on total corneal astigmatism and evaluate the error caused by substituting the corneal astigmatism of the simulated keratometriy （simulated K） for the total corneal astigmatism in age-related cataract patients. METHODS： A total of 211 eyes with age-related cataract from 164 patients （mean age： 66.8±9.0y, range： 45-83y） were examined using a multi-colored spot reflection topographer, and the total corneal astigmatism was measured. The power vector components J0 and J45 were analyzed. Correlations between the magnitude difference of the simulated K and total cornea astigmatism （magnitude differenceSimK-Tca）, anterior J0, and absolute meridian difference （AMD） between the anterior and posterior astigmatisms were calculated. To compare the astigmatism of the simulated K and total cornea both in magnitude and axial orientation, we drew double-angle plots and calculated the vector difference between the two measures using vector analysis. A corrective regression formula was used to adjust the magnitude of the simulated K astigmatism to approach that of the total cornea. RESULTS： The magnitude differenceSimK-Tca was positively correlated with the anterior corneal J0 （Spearman’s rho= 0.539; P〈0.001） and negatively correlated with the AMDR （Spearman’s rho=-0.875, P〈0.001）. When the anterior J0 value was larger than 1.3 D or smaller than -0.8 D, the errors caused by determining the total corneal astigmatism with the karatometric calculation tended to be greater than 0.25 D. An underestimation by 16% was observed for against the rule （ATR） astigmatism and an overestimation by 9% was observed for with the rule （WTR） astigmatism when ignoring the posterior measurements. CONCLUSION： Posterior corneal astigmatism should be valued for more precise corneal astigmatism management, especially for higher ATR astigmatism of the anterior corneal surface. We suggest a 9% reduction in the magnitude of the simulated K in eyes with WTR astigmatism, and a 16% addition of the magnitude of the simulated K in eyes with ATR astigmatism.

A Brief Summary of Current Therapeutic Strategies for Spinal Cord Injury

Spinal cord injury(SCI)is a tremendous disaster in a person’s life.It interrupts the brain-body neuronal circuits,resulting in functional deficits.Pathogenesis of SCI is a progressive and comprehensive event.In clinical trials,attempts to promote nerve regeneration and functional recovery after SCI have met with failures.Recently,with the development of transcriptome sequencing and biomaterials,researchers have struggled to explore novel efficient therapeutic treatments for SCI.Here,we summarize the recent pro-gress that has been made in SCI repair based on the lesion microenvironment,neural circuits,and bioma-terial scaffolds.We also propose several important directions for future research,including targeted-microRNA therapy,blood vessel interventions,and multiple treatment combinations.In short,we hope this review will enlighten researchers in the field and pave the way for SCI therapy.

Inhibition of corneal neovascularization by topical application of nintedanib in rabbit models

AIM:To evaluate the potential efficacy and mechanisms of nintedanib in corneal neovascularization(NV)in rabbit models.METHODS:Corneal NV was induced using 1 mol/L Na OH.Rabbits(n=21)were randomized to 3 groups:Group 1 were treated with 0.9%NaCl,Group 2 with Avastin(5 mg/mL),and Group 3 with nintedanib(1 mg/mL).All treatments star ted 1 d af ter alkaline burns and were topically performed 3 times a day for 2 wk.Photographs were taken on a slit lamp microscope on day 7 and 14.The NV area,the length of the vascularization and angiogenesis index(AI)were used to evaluate the corneal NV.On day 14,the immunohistochemical(IHC)studies of the cornea were examined.Western blot was performed to test the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),Akt,p-Akt,P38,p-P38,MMP-2 and MMP-9.RESULTS:The corneal NV area,vessel length and AI in Group 3 were significantly lower than Group 2,with both being lower than Group 1.IHC staining showed that VEGF was significantly overexpressed in the epithelium and stroma of cornea following alkaline burns.In contrast,the level of VEGF was significantly suppressed in both Group 2 and Group 3.Western blot results further confirmed that,compared with Group 1,Group 3 had significantly reduced expressions of VEGF,Akt,p-Akt,p-P38,MMP-2,and MMP-9 in corneal tissues.Trends of lower levels of MMP-2,AKT,and p-AKT in Group 3 than Group 2 were identified.CONCLUSION:Nintedanib and Avastin can effectively inhibit corneal NV,with P38 MAPK and AKT signaling pathways being possibly involved.Nintedanib seems more effective than Avastin and has the potential to be a novel therapy for preventing corneal NV.

Correlation between photoreceptor injury-regeneration and behavior in a zebrafish model

Direct exposure to intensive visible light can lead to solar retinopathy, including macular injury. The signs and symptoms include central scotoma, metamorphopsia, and decreased vision. However, there have been few studies examining retinal injury due to intensive light stimulation at the cellular level. Neural network arrangements and gene expression patterns in zebrafish photoreceptors are similar to those observed in humans, and photoreceptor injury in zebrafish can induce stem cell-based cellular regeneration. Therefore, the zebrafish retina is considered a useful model for studying photoreceptor injury in humans. In the current study, the central retinal photoreceptors of zebrafish were selectively ablated by stimulation with high-intensity light. Retinal injury, cell proliferation and regeneration of cones and rods were assessed at 1, 3 and 7 days post lesion with immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Additionally, a light/dark box test was used to assess zebrafish behavior. The results revealed that photoreceptors were regenerated by 7 days after the light-induced injury. However, the regenerated cells showed a disrupted arrangement at the lesion site. During the injury-regeneration process, the zebrafish exhibited reduced locomotor capacity, weakened phototaxis and increased movement angular velocity. These behaviors matched the morphological changes of retinal injury and regeneration in a number of ways. This study demonstrates that the zebrafish retina has a robust capacity for regeneration. Visual impairment and stress responses following high-intensity light stimulation appear to contribute to the alteration of behaviors.

Comparison of pseudophakic retinal straylight in spherical/aspherical and hydrophobic/hydrophilic intraocular lens

AIM: To study the potential reasons of increased straylight in pseudophakic eyes. METHODS: Cross -sectional study. Seventy patients diagnosed as bilateral age-related cataract and implanted with Tecnis ZA9003, Sensar AR40e, SA6OAT, XLSTABI ZO or Akeros AO intraocular lens (IOL) were enrolled in this research. Straylight was measured by a C -Quant straylight meter three to four weeks postoperatively. Five different modalities of IOL, including spherical/aspherical optics and hydrophobic/hydrophilic material were tested in this study. Normal as well as dilated pupils were used. The main outcome variable for straylight measurement was the logarithmic straylight parameter, log(s). RESULTS: The straylight parameter increased significantly after pupil dilation (P<0.05). Straylight of aspherical IOL was significantly higher after pupil dilation (P<0.06) compared to spherical IOL. In normal pupil, straylight of hydrophobic IOL was significant higher when compared with hydrophilic IOL (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Straylight and visual acuity stand for the different aspects of visual function. Several factors including pupil diameter, optic material, aspherical design of IOL influence intraocular light scattering in pseudophakic eyes. Further investigation was needed to study the impact of optic material and optic surface design on pseudophakic straylight.

Using Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry to analyze differentially expressed brain polypeptides in scrapie strain 22L-infected BALB/c mice

Differentialiy expressed polypeptides in the brain of a BALB/c mouse model infected with scrapie strain 22L were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The results showed that 21 peptides were down-regulated, with peptides of mass-to-charge ratio 758.772 5 and mass-to-charge ratio 5 432.206 9, demonstrating the most significant decreases. These finding suggest that these peptides are candidate biomarkers and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of prion disease.