大学化学虚拟仿真实验教学建设——以水性聚氨酯聚合及超临界连续发泡虚拟仿真实验为例

介绍了水性聚氨酯聚合及超临界连续发泡虚拟仿真实验教学方法。通过三维虚拟仿真技术呈现复杂聚合物合成过程,使学生可以在直观、生动的场景中进行实验,实现真实的实验教学效果,而且在有限的时间内,可进行多次筛选设计实验,大幅度提高了实验效率。此教学方法同时解决了聚合实验材料有毒性危险、实验溶剂不易回收以及实验成本高等问题。此教学方法经过学生实际操作实践后,取得了良好成效。

Imaging findings of primary pulmonary synovial sarcoma with secondary distant metastases:A case report

BACKGROUND Synovial sarcoma(SS)accounting for 6%-10%of primary soft tissue malignancies mainly occurs in deep soft tissue adjacent to joints of the limbs.Primary pulmonary SS(PPSS)is rare and has a poor prognosis.Cases of secondary distant metastases of PPSS occur rarely and there is a lack of corresponding imaging reports.We summarized the imaging findings of PPSS with multiple metastases confirmed by surgery and pathology,and shared valuable information on PPSS.CASE SUMMARY A 43-year-old female patient had a solid space occupying lesion in the right upper lobe of the lung.The results of a hemogram,erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR)and tumor markers were all within the normal range,tuberculin skin test(5 TU PPD)was negative(-).Chest computed tomography examination showed similar round soft tissue density in the posterior segment of the right upper lobe.Thoracoscopic-assisted wedge resection of the right upper lobe of the lung,right upper lobe resection and lymph node dissection were performed.Nine months after surgery,ultrasound examination showed multiple metastases on the chest wall and kidney.CONCLUSION PPSS is a rare malignant lung tumor with strong invasiveness,early distant metastasis and poor prognosis.There are very few imaging reports.PPSS is often manifested as irregular tumor and calcification,and the metastases have extremely low echo on ultrasonography.Contrast-enhanced ultrasound indicates that the arterial phase of tumor metastases shows rapid centripetal high enhancement,manifested as“fast forward and fast regression”.

高帧频超声造影与增强磁共振对不同直径原发性高分化肝细胞癌的诊断价值

目的探究高帧频超声造影(H-CEUS)与增强磁共振(CE-MRI)对不同直径原发性高分化肝细胞癌的诊断价值。方法回顾性纳入2020年1月1日至2023年1月1日在康复大学青岛医院经病理诊断为原发性高分化肝细胞癌的128例患者,其中9例患者不符合纳入标准,5例患者资料不全,最终本研究纳入114例原发性高分化肝细胞癌患者作为研究对象。以病理诊断为金标准,所有患者均行H-CEUS和CE-MRI检查,对比两种检查方法的诊断效能和检查结果的一致性以及对不同大小病灶的诊断效能和检查结果的一致性。结果CE-MRI的诊断准确性(98.24%)、灵敏度(98.18%)和特异度(100%)显著高于H-CEUS,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。相比H-CEUS,CEMRI检查结果与病理金标准检查结果的一致性更强(Kappa=0.804),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在直径≥5 mm的原发性高分化肝细胞癌病灶中,H-CEUS和CE-MRI诊断的准确性、灵敏度、特异度,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),两者检查结果的一致性较强(Kappa=0.743);在直径<5 mm的原发性高分化肝细胞癌病灶中,CE-MRI诊断的准确性、灵敏度、特异度均显著高于H-CEUS(P<0.05),两者检查结果的一致性一般(Kappa=0.692)。结论H-CEUS和CE-MRI对不同直径的原发性高分化肝细胞癌病灶均有一定的诊断价值,但CE-MRI对直径<5 mm的病灶具有更好的诊断效能,与病理诊断一致性更高。

红土镍矿硫酸浸出液中和除铁过程Ni^(2+)和Mg^(2+)损失机理及强化分离研究

中和沉淀工艺常用于去除红土镍矿酸浸液中的铁、铝、铬等杂质,这一过程中常伴随镍、镁等金属离子的损失。本工作研究了红土镍矿硫酸浸出液中和除铁过程中Ni^(2+)和Mg^(2+)的损失,提出了有价金属离子的损失机制。研究表明,固定模拟浸出液Ni^(2+)和Mg^(2+)浓度条件,随模拟浸出液中Fe^(3+)浓度增大,中和沉淀过程中Ni^(2+)和Mg^(2+)的损失率分别在9.13%~23.23%和9.79%~15.68%左右;固定模拟浸出液Fe^(3+)浓度条件,随着模拟浸出液中Ni^(2+)和Mg^(2+)浓度的提高,二者的损失率逐渐降低。根据溶液化学计算与实验证实,中和沉淀过程中SO_(4)^(2-)与Fe(OH)_(3)胶体形成一元和二元配合物,其中一元配合物中SO_(4)^(2-)的孤对电子与Ni^(2+)或Mg^(2+)成键而发生吸附,从而导致溶液中Ni^(2+)和Mg^(2+)与SO_(4)^(2-)被Fe(OH)_(3)胶体共吸附而损失。在中和沉淀过程中分别加入十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)、聚乙二醇(PEG)和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)等表面活性剂后均能有效限制SO_(4)^(2-)与Ni^(2+)或Mg^(2+)的结合,强化Fe^(3+)的选择性沉淀。当三种表面活性剂的浓度均为2×10^(-5)mol/L时,Ni^(2+)在中和沉铁过程的保留率可达95%左右,Mg^(2+)可达100%。