A solution method for decomposing vector fields in Hamilton energy

Hamilton energy,which reflects the energy variation of systems,is one of the crucial instruments used to analyze the characteristics of dynamical systems.Here we propose a method to deduce Hamilton energy based on the existing systems.This derivation process consists of three steps:step 1,decomposing the vector field;step 2,solving the Hamilton energy function;and step 3,verifying uniqueness.In order to easily choose an appropriate decomposition method,we propose a classification criterion based on the form of system state variables,i.e.,type-I vector fields that can be directly decomposed and type-II vector fields decomposed via exterior differentiation.Moreover,exterior differentiation is used to represent the curl of low-high dimension vector fields in the process of decomposition.Finally,we exemplify the Hamilton energy function of six classical systems and analyze the relationship between Hamilton energy and dynamic behavior.This solution provides a new approach for deducing the Hamilton energy function,especially in high-dimensional systems.

Licorice-saponin A3 is a broad-spectrum inhibitor for COVID-19 by targeting viral spike and anti-inflammation

Currently,human health due to corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has been seriously threatened.The coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)spike(S)protein plays a crucial role in virus transmission and several S-based therapeutic approaches have been approved for the treatment of COVID-19.However,the efficacy is compromised by the SARS-CoV-2 evolvement and mutation.Here we report the SARS-CoV-2 S protein receptor-binding domain(RBD)inhibitor licorice-saponin A3(A3)could widely inhibit RBD of SARS-CoV-2 variants,including Beta,Delta,and Omicron BA.1,XBB and BQ1.1.Furthermore,A3 could potently inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Omicron virus in Vero E6 cells,with EC50 of 1.016μM.The mechanism was related to binding with Y453 of RBD determined by hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry(HDX-MS)analysis combined with quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics(QM/MM)simulations.Interestingly,phosphoproteomics analysis and multi fluorescent immunohistochemistry(mIHC)respectively indicated that A3 also inhibits host inflammation by directly modulating the JNK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)pathways and rebalancing the corresponding immune dysregulation.This work supports A3 as a promising broad-spectrum small molecule drug candidate for COVID-19.

Formation and transformation of metastable LPSO building blocks clusters in Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloys by spinodal decomposition and heterogeneous nucleation

To study the formation and transformation mechanism of long-period stacked ordered(LPSO)structures,a systematic atomic scale analysis was conducted for the structural evolution of long-period stacked ordered(LPSO)structures in the Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy annealed at 300℃~500℃.Various types of metastable LPSO building block clusters were found to exist in alloy structures at different temperatures,which precipitate during the solidification and homogenization process.The stability of Zn/Y clusters is explained by the first principles of density functional theory.The LPSO structure is distinguished by the arrangement of its different Zn/Y enriched LPSO structural units,which comprises local fcc stacking sequences upon a tightly packed plane.The presence of solute atoms causes local lattice distortion,thereby enabling the rearrangement of Mg atoms in the different configurations in the local lattice,and local HCP-FCC transitions occur between Mg and Zn atoms occupying the nearest neighbor positions.This finding indicates that LPSO structures can generate necessary Schockley partial dislocations on specific slip surfaces,providing direct evidence of the transition from 18R to 14H.Growth of the LPSO,devoid of any defects and non-coherent interfaces,was observed separately from other precipitated phases.As a result,the precipitation sequence of LPSO in the solidification stage was as follows:Zn/Ycluster+Mg layers→various metastable LPSO building block clusters→18R/24R LPSO;whereas the precipitation sequence of LPSO during homogenization treatment was observed to be as follows:18R LPSO→various metastable LPSO building block clusters→14H LPSO.Of these,14H LPSO was found to be the most thermodynamically stable structure.

A sub-grid scale model for Burgers turbulence based on the artificial neural network method

The present study proposes a sub-grid scale model for the one-dimensional Burgers turbulence based on the neuralnetwork and deep learning method.The filtered data of the direct numerical simulation is used to establish thetraining data set,the validation data set,and the test data set.The artificial neural network(ANN)methodand Back Propagation method are employed to train parameters in the ANN.The developed ANN is applied toconstruct the sub-grid scale model for the large eddy simulation of the Burgers turbulence in the one-dimensionalspace.The proposed model well predicts the time correlation and the space correlation of the Burgers turbulence.

High-strength antiswelling adhesive achieves both hemostasis and wound healing

Skin is one of the most vulnerable tissues,but there is a lack of injectable bioactive hydrogel dressings,which possess high strength,antiswelling capacity,and wet tissue adhesiveness,but also a rapid gelling process to enable rapid hemostasis,sutureless wound closure,and scarless healing of infected skin wounds[1e5].A new injectable,antibacterial,and multifunctional hydrogel dressings based on poly(citric acid-co-polyethylene glycol)-g-dopamine(PCPD)and amino-terminated Pluronic F127(APF)mi-celles loaded with astragaloside IV(AS)was developed for this pur-pose,as shown in Fig.1A[6].

Luspatercept enhances hemoglobin levels in a Chinese boy with congenital sideroblastic anemia:A case report

BACKGROUND Congenital sideroblastic anemia(CSA)is a rare and heterogeneous group of genetic disorders.Conventional treatment include pyridoxine(vitamin B6)and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT),and can alleviate anemia in the majority of cases.Nevertheless,some CSA cases remain unresponsive to pyridoxine or are unable to undergo allo-HSCT.Novel management approaches is necessary to be developed.To explore the response of luspatercept in treating congenital sideroblastic anemia.CASE SUMMARY We share our experience in luspatercept in a 4-year-old male patient with CSA.Luspatercept was administered subcutaneously at doses of 1.0 mg/kg/dose to 1.25 mg/kg/dose every 3 wk,three consecutive doses,evaluating the hematological response.Luspatercept leading to a significant improvement in the patient's anemia.The median hemoglobin during the overall treatment with three doses of luspatercept was 90(75-101)g/L,the median absolute reticulocyte count was 0.0593(0.0277-0.1030)×10^(12)/L,the median serum ferritin was 304.3(234.4-399)ng/mL,and the median lifespan of mature red blood cells was 80(57-92)days.Notably,no adverse reactions,such as headaches,dizziness,vomiting,joint pain,or back pain,were observed during the treatment period.CONCLUSION We believe that luspatercept might emerge as a viable therapeutic option for the maintenance treatment of CSA or as a bridging treatment option before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

High Temperature Rheological Performance of Graphene Modified Rubber Asphalt

To elucidate the high temperature rheological capability of graphene modified rubber asphalt,three contents of graphene and crumb rubber were prepared by a combination of mechanical agitation and high speed shearing machine,then used dynamic shear rheological test(DSR)and multiple stress creep recovery(MSCR)tests to evaluate.The hardness and softening point with rotational viscosity of samples raised with the addition of graphene,especially the addition of 0.04%.Dynamic shear rheological test revealedthat the dynamic shear modulus G*,rutting factor G*/Sin δ,and zero shear viscosity(ZSV)of graphene-modified rubber asphalt were greatly influenced along with graphene-increased,on the contrary,phase angle δ which characterize the viscoelastic ratio of asphalt decreased.Multiple stress creep recovery(MSCR)tests showed that the graphene-enhanced rubber asphalt had high-temperature stability through non-recoverable creep compliance(Jnr).Based on these findings,graphene-modified rubber asphalt binders with the addition of 0.04% graphene had good viscoelastic properties as well as high temperature rutting resistance performance.In the meantime,G*/Sin δ,ZSV,and Jnr100,Jnr3200 have good correlation,which can reveal the excellent high-temperature stability performance of asphalt.

脉冲式加热炉水梁结瘤的分析和预防

为了进一步降低加热炉的燃耗和烧损,加热炉的燃烧控制模式从蓄热式改进为脉冲式。此项改进后,步进梁上开始出现结瘤,板坯在炉内走斜,并导致板坯变形,使轧机无法进行轧制。为解决脉冲式加热炉水梁结瘤的问题,通过分析结瘤成分、探究结瘤产生机理,并采取了相应的预防措施,成功解决了结瘤问题。

Operating Room Nurses’ Role in Multidisciplinary Surgical Coordination for a Patient with a Large Abdominal Tumor and Multiple Pelvic Fractures

In this study,we have summarized the coordination of operating room nurses participating in the multidisciplinary team in diagnosing and treating a patient with a large abdominal tumor and multiple pelvic fractures.To perform surgical treatment on patients with various conditions,it is crucial to consider the patients from a holistic perspective.Thus,the existing medical model has shifted from a“disease-centered”approach focusing on single-disciplinary diagnosis and treatment,to a“patient-centered”approach that involves multiple disciplines in diagnosis and therapy.Operating room nurses,as crucial collaborators of surgeons,should make necessary adjustments to enhance their comprehension of patients,improving the overall quality of surgical coordination.

Methylome and transcriptome data integration reveals potential roles of DNA methylation and candidate biomarkers of cow Streptococcus uberis subclinical mastitis

Background:Mastitis caused by different pathogens including Streptococcus uberis(S.uberis)is responsible for huge economic losses to the dairy industry.In order to investigate the potential genetic and epigenetic regulatory mecha‑nisms of subclinical mastitis due to S.uberis,the DNA methylome(whole genome DNA methylation sequencing)and transcriptome(RNA sequencing)of milk somatic cells from cows with naturally occurring S.uberis subclinical mastitis and healthy control cows(n=3/group)were studied.Results:Globally,the DNA methylation levels of CpG sites were low in the promoters and first exons but high in inner exons and introns.The DNA methylation levels at the promoter,first exon and first intron regions were nega‑tively correlated with the expression level of genes at a whole‑genome‑wide scale.In general,DNA methylation level was lower in S.uberis‑positive group(SUG)than in the control group(CTG).A total of 174,342 differentially methylated cytosines(DMCs)(FDR<0.05)were identified between SUG and CTG,including 132,237,7412 and 34,693 DMCs in the context of CpG,CHG and CHH(H=A or T or C),respectively.Besides,101,612 methylation haplotype blocks(MHBs)were identified,including 451 MHBs that were significantly different(dMHB)between the two groups.A total of 2130 differentially expressed(DE)genes(1378 with up‑regulated and 752 with down‑regulated expression)were found in SUG.Integration of methylome and transcriptome data with MethGET program revealed 1623 genes with signifi‑cant changes in their methylation levels and/or gene expression changes(MetGDE genes,MethGET P‑value<0.001).Functional enrichment of genes harboring≥15 DMCs,DE genes and MetGDE genes suggest significant involvement of DNA methylation changes in the regulation of the host immune response to S.uberis infection,especially cytokine activities.Furthermore,discriminant correlation analysis with DIABLO method identified 26 candidate biomarkers,including 6 DE genes,15 CpG‑DMCs and 5 dMHBs that discriminated between SUG and CTG.Conclusion:The integration of methylome and transcriptome of milk somatic cells suggests the possible involve‑ment of DNA methylation changes in the regulation of the host immune response to subclinical mastitis due to S.uberis.The presented genetic and epigenetic biomarkers could contribute to the design of management strategies of subclinical mastitis and breeding for mastitis resistance.

Understanding the hydrogen evolution reaction activity of doped single-atom catalysts on two-dimensional GaPS_(4) by DFT and machine learning

As a zero-carbon fuel,hydrogen can be produced via electrochemical water splitting using clean electric energy by the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)process.The ultimate goal of HER catalyst is to replace the expensive Pt metal benchmark with a cheap one with equivalent activities.In this work,we investigated the possibility of HER process on single-atom catalysts(SACs)doped on two-dimensional(2D)GaPS_(4)materials,which have a large intrinsic band gap that can be regulated by doping and tensile strain.Based on the machine learning regression analysis,we can expand the prediction of HER performance to more catalysts without expensive DFT calculation.The electron affinity and first ionization energy are the two most important descriptors related to the HER behavior.Furthermore,constrain molecular dynamics with solvation models and constant potentials were applied to understand the dynamics barrier of HER process of Pt SAC on GaPS_(4)materials.These findings not only provide important insights into the catalytic properties of single-atom catalysts on GaPS_(4)2D materials,but also provides theoretical guidance paradigm for exploration of new catalysts.

135例腹膜癌患者自然病程预后的多因素分析

目的:分析腹膜癌患者的自然病程,探索预后相关因素。方法:收集2015年8月至2022年4月首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院收治的135例腹膜癌患者完整的生存数据,行单因素和多因素生存分析,筛选独立预后因素。结果:135例腹膜癌患者中位生存期为12.2个月(95%CI:10.6~13.8)。单因素生存分析发现下述10项因素影响预后:年龄(P=0.002)、卡氏评分(Karnofsky performance status,KPS)(P<0.001)、营养不良(P<0.001)、初治TNM分期(P<0.001);原发肿瘤部位(P<0.001)、既往手术(P<0.001)、既往化疗(P<0.001)、既往放疗(P=0.028)、既往中药治疗(P=0.007)、合并脑梗死(P<0.001)。多因素分析发现下述5项独立预后因素:KPS评分(HR=4.986,95%CI:2.540~9.787,P<0.001)、营养不良(HR=3.164,95%CI:1.704~5.877,P=0.001)、初治TNM分期(HR=2.632,95%CI:1.344~5.157,P=0.017)、既往手术(HR=2.110,95%CI:1.170~3.804,P=0.013)、既往中药治疗(HR=1.882,95%CI:1.043~3.396,P=0.036)为独立预后因素。结论:腹膜癌患者预后不良,改善体质状态、优化包括中药治疗在内的整合治疗技术,可能是延长生存的关键。

基于细胞内应变评估的卵母细胞去核方法及在机器人化克隆中的应用

自1996年第一只克隆羊诞生,克隆技术就由于其在动物育种方面的巨大潜力而得到了大量关注。体细胞核移植技术是动物克隆的核心,其操作过程非常复杂,不可避免地造成细胞内损伤。通常来说,只有不到1%的重构胚胎能够发育成克隆动物,克隆的低成功率是制约其广泛应用的主要原因之一。为此,本文提出了一种基于细胞内应变评估的卵母细胞去核方法,来减少体细胞核移植中的潜在细胞内损伤,从而提高克隆成功率。首先,论文根据细胞内速度场计算细胞内应变,进而将内应变作为评价标准来优化去核操作;在此基础上,开发了一套机器人批量体细胞核移植系统,用于实现机器人化克隆。实验结果表明,本文方法将体细胞核移植后的胚胎囊胚率从10.0%提高到20.8%,并成功获得17头克隆小猪,这是世界首批由机器人完成克隆操作获得的克隆动物。对比手动核移植操作,本文将克隆成功率从平均0.73%提升到了2.50%,大幅提升了克隆效率。与此同时,基于细胞内应变的去核方法有望应用于其他生物操作,并建立一种通用的减少细胞内损伤的细胞操作规范。

Thickness-dependent exciton relaxation dynamics of few-layer rhenium diselenide

Rhenium diselenide(ReSe_(2))has gathered much attention due to its low symmetry of lattice structure,which makes it possess in-plane anisotropic optical,electrical as well as excitonic properties and further enables ReSe_(2)have an important application in optoelectronic devices.Here,we report the thickness-dependent exciton relaxation dynamics of mechanically exfoliated few-layer ReSe_(2)flakes by using time-resolved pump–probe transient transmission spectroscopies.The results reveal two thickness-dependent relaxation processes of the excitons.The fast one correlates with the exciton formation(i.e.,the conversion of hot carriers to excitons),while the slow one is attributed to the exciton recombination dominated by defect-assisted exciton trapping besides photon emission channel.The decrease of scattering probability caused by defects leads to the increase of fast lifetime with thickness,and the increase of slow lifetime with thickness is related to the trap-mediated exciton depopulation induced by surface defects.Polarization-dependent transient spectroscopy indicates the isotropic exciton dynamics in the two-dimensional(2D)plane.These results are insightful for better understanding of excitonic dynamics of ReSe_(2)materials and its application in future optoelectronic and electronic devices.

Microcurvature landscapes induce neural stem cell polarity and enhance neural differentiation

Tissue curvature has long been recognized as an important anatomical parameter that affects intracellular behaviors,and there is emerging interest in applying cell-scale curvature as a designer property to drive cell fates for tissue engineering purposes.Although neural cells are known to undergo dramatic and terminal morphological changes during development and curvature-limiting behaviors have been demonstrated in neurite outgrowth studies,there are still crucial gaps in understanding neural cell behaviors,particularly in the context of a three-dimensional(3D)curvature landscape similar to an actual tissue engineering scaffold.In this study,we fabricated two substrates of microcurvature(curvature-substrates)that present a smooth and repeating landscape with focuses of either a concave or a convex pattern.Using these curvature-substrates,we studied the properties of morphological differentiation in N2a neuroblastoma cells.In contrast to other studies where two-dimensional(2D)curvature was demonstrated to limit neurite outgrowth,we found that both the concave and convex substrates acted as continuous and uniform mechanical protrusions that significantly enhanced neural polarity and differentiation with few morphological changes in the main cell body.This enhanced differentiation was manifested in various properties,including increased neurite length,increased nuclear displacement,and upregulation of various neural markers.By demonstrating how the micron-scale curvature landscape induces neuronal polarity,we provide further insights into the design of biomaterials utilizing the influence of surface curvature in neural tissue engineering.

HbNST1 is a positive regulator of the lignin accumulation in strawflower bracts

Strawflower(Helichrysum bracteatum)capitula have papery bracts and thus have the qualities of a naturally dried flower.The involucral bract cells have a secondary cell wall(SCW)of which a crucial component is lignin.Although the constituents of SCWs have been studied extensively in plants,little is known of the mechanism regulating SCW formation,especially lignin biosynthesis in the involucral bracts of strawflower.In this study,a homolog of NAC SECONDARY WALL THICKENING PROMOTING FACTOR 1,designated Hb NST1,was identified as a positive regulator of lignin biosynthesis in strawflower.The transcript level of Hb NST1 was the highest in the involucral bracts.Subcellular localization analysis indicated that Hb NST1 was localized to the nucleus.Overexpression of Hb NST1 in Chrysanthemum indicum promoted the expression of a gene related to lignin biosynthesis,a homolog of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase,designated Ci CAD,suggesting that Hb NST1 was associated with the accumulation of lignin in the SCW of the involucral bracts.Taken together,the results suggested that Hb NST1 positively regulated lignin accumulation in the involucral bracts and mediated the expression of lignin biosynthesis-related genes in strawflower.

Design and analysis of a high loss density motor cooling system with water cold plates

Aiming at reducing the difficulty of cooling the interior of high-density motors,this study proposed the placement of a water cold plate cooling structure between the axial laminations of the motor stator.The effect of the cooling water flow,thickness of the plate,and motor loss density on the cooling effect of the water cold plate were studied.To compare the cooling performance of water cold plate and outer spiral water jacket cooling structures,a high-speed permanent magnet motor with a high loss density was used to establish two motor models with the two cooling structures.Consequently,the cooling effects of the two models were analyzed using the finite element method under the same loss density,coolant flow,and main dimensions.The results were as follows.(1)The maximum and average temperatures of the water cold plate structure were reduced by 25.5%and 30.5%,respectively,compared to that of the outer spiral water jacket motor;(2)Compared with the outer spiral water jacket structure,the water cold plate structure can reduce the overall mass and volume of the motor.Considering a 100 kW high-speed permanent magnet motor as an example,a water cold plate cooling system was designed,and the temperature distribution is analyzed,with the result indicating that the cooling structure satisfied the cooling requirements of the high loss density motor.

Hydroxychloroquine induces long QT syndrome by blocking hERG channel

Objective:In March 2022,more than 600 million cases of Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)and about 6 million deaths have been reported worldwide.Unfortunately,while effective antiviral therapy has not yet been available,chloroquine(CQ)/hydroxychloroquine(HCQ)has been considered an option for the treatment of COVID-19.While many studies have demonstrated the potential of HCQ to decrease viral load and rescue patients'lives,controversial results have also been reported.One concern associated with HCQ in its clinical application to COVID-19 patients is the potential of causing long QT interval(LQT),an electrophysiological substrate for the induction of lethal ventricular tachyarrhythmias.Yet,the mechanisms for this cardiotoxicity of HCQ remained incompletely understood.Materials and methods:Adult New Zealand white rabbits were used for investigating the effects of HCQ on cardiac electrophysiology and expression of ion channel genes.HEK-293T cells with sustained overexpression of human-ether-a-go-go-related gene(hERG)K+channels were used for whole-cell patch-clamp recordings of hERG K+channel current(IhERG).Quantitative RT-PCR analysis and Western blot analysis were employed to determine the expression of various genes at mRNA and protein levels,respectively.Results:electrocardiogram(ECG)recordings revealed that HCQ prolonged QT and RR intervals and slowed heart rate in rabbits.Whole-cell patch-clamp results showed that HCQ inhibited the tail current of hERG channels and slowed the reactivation process from inactivation state.HCQ suppressed the expression of hERG and hindered the formation of the heat shock protein 90(Hsp90)/hERG complex.Moreover,the expression levels of connexin 43(CX43)and Kir2.1,the critical molecular/ionic determinants of cardiac conduction thereby ventricular arrythmias,were decreased by HCQ,while those of Cav1.2,the main Ca2+handling proteins,remained unchanged and SERCA2a was increased.Conclusion:HCQ could induce LQT but did not induce arrhythmias,and whether it is suitable for the treatment of COVID-19 requires more rigorous investigations and validations in the future.

Treatment outcome analysis of bevacizumab combined with cyclophosphamide and oxaliplatin in advanced pseudomyxoma peritonei

BACKGROUND Pseudomyxoma peritonei(PMP)is a rare peritoneal malignant tumor syndrome.Cytoreductive surgery combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy is its standard treatment.However,there are few studies and insufficient evidence regarding systemic chemotherapy of advanced PMP.Regimens for colorectal cancer are often used clinically,but there is no uniform standard for late-stage treatment.AIM To determine if bevacizumab combined with cyclophosphamide and oxaliplatin(Bev+CTX+OXA)is effective for treatment of advanced PMP.The primary study endpoint was progression-free survival(PFS).METHODS Retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of patients with advanced PMP who received Bev+CTX+OXA regimen(bevacizumab 7.5 mg/kg ivgtt d1,oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 ivgtt d1 and cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2 ivgtt d1,q3w)in our center from December 2015 to December 2020.Objective response rate(ORR),disease control rate(DCR)and incidence of adverse events were evaluated.PFS was followed up.Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw survival curve,and log-rank test was used for comparison between groups.Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the independent influencing factors of PFS.RESULTS A total of 32 patients were enrolled.After 2 cycles,the ORR and DCR were 3.1%and 93.7%,respectively.The median follow-up time was 7.5 mo.During the follow-up period,14 patients(43.8%)had disease progression,and the median PFS was 8.9 mo.Stratified analysis showed that the PFS of patients with a preoperative increase in CA125(8.9 vs 2.1,P=0.022)and a completeness of cytoreduction score of 2-3(8.9 vs 5.0,P=0.043)was significantly longer than that of the control group.Multivariate analysis showed that a preoperative increase in CA125 was an independent prognostic factor for PFS(HR=0.245,95%CI:0.066-0.904,P=0.035).CONCLUSION Our retrospective assessment confirmed that the Bev+CTX+OXA regimen is effective in second-or posterior-line treatment of advanced PMP and that adverse reactions can be tolerated.A preoperative increase in CA125 is an independent prognostic factor of PFS.

High-throughput fluorescent screening of thioredoxin reductase inhibitors to inhibit Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Tuberculosis(TB)is a chronic infectious disease,which is caused by the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb)and reemerged as a global health risk with a significant proportion of multi-drug resistant and extensively drug resistant TB cases.It is very urgent to find some novel high-confidence drug targets in Mtb for discovering the effective anti-TB agents.Thioredoxin reductase(TrxR)has been identified to be a highly viable target for anti-TB drugs for its important role in protecting the pathogen from thiol-specific oxidizing stress,regulating intracellular dithiol/disulfide homeostasis and DNA replication and repair.In the present work,a near-infrared(NIR)fluorescent probe DDAT was developed for the detection of TrxR activity and used to high-throughput screen the TrxR inhibitors from natural products.Two screened TrxR inhibitors from Sappan Lignum and microbial metabolites that were further used to inhibit Mycobacterium tuberculosis.All the results indicate that DDAT is a practical fluorescent molecular tool for the discovery of potential anti-TB drugs.