Blunt aortic injury-traumatic aortic isthmus pseudoaneurysm with right iliac artery dissection aneurysm:A case report

BACKGROUND Blunt aortic injury is a special type of aortic disease.Due to its low incidence,high prehospital mortality and high probability of leakage diagnosis,the timely identification of patients with blunt aortic injury who survive the initial injury has always been a clinical challenge.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of traumatic aortic pseudoaneurysm with right iliac artery dissection aneurysm that was diagnosed 3 mo after a traffic accident.The patient is a 76-year-old male who was knocked down by a fast-moving four-wheel motor vehicle while crossing the road(the damage mechanism was side impact).He received chest,cranial computed tomography(CT)and whole abdomen enhanced CT in the local hospital.The images suggested subarachnoid hemorrhage,right frontoparietal scalp hematoma,fracture of the right clavicle and second rib,lumpshaped mediastinal shadow outside the anterior descending thoracic aorta(mediastinal hematoma),mesenteric vascular injury with hematoma formation,pelvic fracture,and subluxation of the left sacroiliac joint.After the pelvic fracture was fixed with an external stent,he was sent to our hospital for further treatment.In our hospital,he successfully underwent partial resection of the small intestine and CT-guided screw internal fixation of the left sacroiliac joint and returned to the local hospital for rehabilitation treatment.However,since the accident,the patient has been suffering from mild chest pain,which has not aroused the attention of clinicians.During rehabilitation,his chest pain gradually worsened,and the thoracic aorta computed tomography angiography performed in the local hospital showed a pseudoaneurysm in the initial descending segment of the aortic arch.After transfer to our hospital,a dissecting aneurysm of the right external iliac artery was incidentally found in the preoperative evaluation.Finally,endovascular stent graft repair was performed,and he was discharged on the 10th day after the operation.No obvious endo-leak was found after 4 years of follow-up.CONCLUSION We highlight that emergency trauma centers should consider the possibility of aortic injury in patients with severe motor vehicle crashes and repeat the examination when necessary to avoid missed diagnoses.

Principal components of nuclear mass models

Principal component analysis(PCA)is employed to extract the principal components(PCs)present in nuclear mass models for the first time.The effects from different nuclear mass models are reintegrated and reorganized in the extracted PCs.These PCs are recombined to build new mass models,which achieve better accuracy than the original theoretical mass models.This comparison indicates that using the PCA approach,the effects contained in different mass models can be collaborated to improve nuclear mass predictions.

Sea-level change in coastal areas of China:Status in 2021

The sea level in coastal areas of China reached the second highest in 2021,just after that recorded in 2022.External force and dynamic analyses based on tide gauges,satellite observations,reanalysis data and regional numerical outputs were conducted to understand these abnormally high sea levels and determine their possible causes.Results show that the coastal sea level of China had increased at an annual rate of 3.4±0.3 mm during 1980-2021,with an acceleration of 0.06±0.02 mm per year2.The superposition of significant oscillations of quasi-2,3-7,quasi-9,quasi-11,quasi-19 and 20-30 years contributed to the anomalously high sea levels.The negative-phased El Nino/Southern Oscillation was correlated with the anomalously high sea level and the north-south anti-phase pattern of the coastal sea level in 2021.Meanwhile,phase lags of 1-4 months occurred with the sea-level response.On a decadal timescale,the Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO)was negatively correlated with the anomalous mean sea level(MSL),and the negative-phased PDO contributed to the anomalous sea-level change in 2021.Particularly,the monthly MSL peaked in April and July,and the contribution of wind stress to the anomalously high sea level was 38.5%in the south of the Taiwan Strait in April and 30%along the coast of China in July.These results were consistent with the tide gauge and satellite data.Close agreement was also observed between the coastal sea-level fingerprint and the air and sea surface temperatures.

Examination of machine learning for assessing physical effects:Learning the relativistic continuum mass table with kernel ridge regression

The kernel ridge regression(KRR)method and its extension with odd-even effects(KRRoe)are used to learn the nuclear mass table obtained by the relativistic continuum Hartree-Bogoliubov theory.With respect to the binding energies of 9035 nuclei,the KRR method achieves a root-mean-square deviation of 0.96 MeV,and the KRRoe method remarkably reduces the deviation to 0.17 MeV.By investigating the shell effects,one-nucleon and twonucleon separation energies,odd-even mass differences,and empirical proton-neutron interactions extracted from the learned binding energies,the ability of the machine learning tool to grasp the known physics is discussed.It is found that the shell effects,evolutions of nucleon separation energies,and empirical proton-neutron interactions are well reproduced by both the KRR and KRRoe methods,although the odd-even mass differences can only be reproduced by the KRRoe method.

核物理对来自微波背景辐射的宇宙年龄的支持

How old the Universe is, is one of the most curious questions. In modern cosmology, the age of the Universe refers to the time elapsed since the Big Bang. The current generally accepted age of the Universe is about 13.8 billion years, which is inferred from the cosmic microwave background (CMB)[1] by assuming a standard model of cosmology, i.e., Lambda-CDM model [2]. The uncertainty has been narrowed down to about 20 million years based on the CMB detections of the Planck spacecraft [1] and the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe [3].