Anxiety disorders are currently a major psychiatric and social problem,the mechanisms of which have been only partially elucidated.The hippocampus serves as a major target of stress mediators and is closely related to...Anxiety disorders are currently a major psychiatric and social problem,the mechanisms of which have been only partially elucidated.The hippocampus serves as a major target of stress mediators and is closely related to anxiety modulation.Yet so far,its complex anatomy has been a challenge for research on the mechanisms of anxiety regulation.Recent advances in imaging,virus tracking,and optogenetics/chemogenetics have permitted elucidation of the activity,connectivity,and function of specific cell types within the hippocampus and its connected brain regions,providing mechanistic insights into the elaborate organization of the hippocampal circuitry underlying anxiety.Studies of hippocampal neurotransmitter systems,including glutamatergic,GABAergic,cholinergic,dopaminergic,and serotonergic systems,have contributed to the interpretation of the underlying neural mechanisms of anxiety.Neuropeptides and neuroinflammatory factors are also involved in anxiety modulation.This review comprehensively summarizes the hippocampal mechanisms associated with anxiety modulation,based on molecular,cellular,and circuit properties,to provide tailored targets for future anxiety treatment.展开更多
Microgels with a thermo-sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)(polyNIPAm) backbone and bis-imidazolium(VIM) ionic cross-links, denoted as poly(NIPAm-co-VIM), were successfully prepared. The as-synthesized ionic microge...Microgels with a thermo-sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)(polyNIPAm) backbone and bis-imidazolium(VIM) ionic cross-links, denoted as poly(NIPAm-co-VIM), were successfully prepared. The as-synthesized ionic microgels were converted to nanoreactors, denoted as Au@PNI MGs, upon generation and immobilization of gold nanoparticles(Au NPs) of 5–8 nm in size into poly(NIPAm-co-VIM). The content of Au NPs in microgels could be regulated by controlling the 1,6-dibromohexane/vinylimidazole molar ratio in the quaternization reaction. The microgel-based nanoreactors were morphologically spherical and uniform in size, and presented reversible thermo-sensitive behavior with volume phase transition temperatures(VPTTs) at 39–40 °C. The Au@PNI MGs were used for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol, of which the catalytic activity could be modulated by temperature.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31970951)the Six Talent Peaks Project of Jiangsu Province(YY-005)+1 种基金the Shanghai Rising-Star Program(21QA1407900)“Zhong Ying Young Scholar”project of Cyrus Tang Foundation.
文摘Anxiety disorders are currently a major psychiatric and social problem,the mechanisms of which have been only partially elucidated.The hippocampus serves as a major target of stress mediators and is closely related to anxiety modulation.Yet so far,its complex anatomy has been a challenge for research on the mechanisms of anxiety regulation.Recent advances in imaging,virus tracking,and optogenetics/chemogenetics have permitted elucidation of the activity,connectivity,and function of specific cell types within the hippocampus and its connected brain regions,providing mechanistic insights into the elaborate organization of the hippocampal circuitry underlying anxiety.Studies of hippocampal neurotransmitter systems,including glutamatergic,GABAergic,cholinergic,dopaminergic,and serotonergic systems,have contributed to the interpretation of the underlying neural mechanisms of anxiety.Neuropeptides and neuroinflammatory factors are also involved in anxiety modulation.This review comprehensively summarizes the hippocampal mechanisms associated with anxiety modulation,based on molecular,cellular,and circuit properties,to provide tailored targets for future anxiety treatment.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21704092)Science Foundation of Zhejiang SciTech University(No.16062194-Y)for financial support
文摘Microgels with a thermo-sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)(polyNIPAm) backbone and bis-imidazolium(VIM) ionic cross-links, denoted as poly(NIPAm-co-VIM), were successfully prepared. The as-synthesized ionic microgels were converted to nanoreactors, denoted as Au@PNI MGs, upon generation and immobilization of gold nanoparticles(Au NPs) of 5–8 nm in size into poly(NIPAm-co-VIM). The content of Au NPs in microgels could be regulated by controlling the 1,6-dibromohexane/vinylimidazole molar ratio in the quaternization reaction. The microgel-based nanoreactors were morphologically spherical and uniform in size, and presented reversible thermo-sensitive behavior with volume phase transition temperatures(VPTTs) at 39–40 °C. The Au@PNI MGs were used for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol, of which the catalytic activity could be modulated by temperature.
