Risk factors for intussusception in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura:A case-control study

BACKGROUND The etiology of Henoch-Schönlein purpura(HSP)with intussusception remains undefined.AIM To investigate the risk factors for intussusception in children with HSP and gastrointestinal(GI)involvement.METHODS Sixty children with HSP and concomitant intussusception admitted to the Beijing Children’s Hospital of Capital Medical University between January 2006 and December 2018 were enrolled in this study.One hundred pediatric patients with HSP and GI involvement but without intussusception,admitted to the same hospital during the same period,were randomly selected as a control group.The baseline clinical characteristics of all patients,including sex,age of onset,duration of disease,clinical manifestations,laboratory test results,and treatments provided,were assessed.Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to identify possible risk factors.RESULTS The 60 children in the intussusception group comprised 27 girls(45%)and 33 boys(55%)and the 100 children in the non-intussusception group comprised 62 girls(62%)and 38 boys(38%).The median age of all patients were 6 years and 5 mo.Univariate and multiple regression analyses revealed age at onset,not receiving glucocorticoid therapy within 72 h of emergence of GI symptoms,hematochezia,and D-dimer levels as independent risk factors for intussusception in children with HSP(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The four independent risk factors for intussusception in pediatric HSP with GI involvement would be a reference for early prevention and treatment of this potentially fatal disease.

Three-Dimensional Heterogeneity of Cerebellar Interposed Nucleus-Recipient Zones in the Thalamic Nuclei

The cerebellum is conceptualized as a processor of complex movements and is also endowed with roles in cognitive and emotional behaviors.Although the axons of deep cerebellar nuclei are known to project to primary thalamic nuclei,macroscopic investigation of the characteristics of these projections,such as the spatial distribution of recipient zones,is lacking.Here,we studied the output of the cerebellar interposed nucleus(IpN)to the ventrolateral(VL)and centrolateral(CL)thalamic nuclei using electrophysiological recording in vivo and trans-synaptic viral tracing.We found that IpN stimulation induced mono-synaptic evoked potentials(EPs)in the VL but not the CL region.Furthermore,both the EPs induced by the IpN and the innervation of IpN projections displayed substantial heterogeneity across the VL region in three-dimensional space.These findings indicate that the recipient zones of IpN inputs vary between and within thalamic nuclei and may differentially control thalamo-cortical networks.