MODIFIED CLASSIC RISK FACTORS FOR CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IN CHINESE HAN POPULATION

Objective To investigate the levels of cardiovascular disease risk factors and their relations to clinical phenotype associated with coronary artery disease(CAD).Methods The subjects were recruited from five independent cardiovascular centers.Coronary angiography was employed to define the CAD with stenosis in each major vessel ≥70% and control with stenosis <10% in every lesion.The classic risk factors including family history,body mass index,smoking habits,hypertension,diabetes mellitus,and serum lipid levels were surveyed according to established criteria.Associations between risk levels and clinical phenotypes were assessed by case control and correlation analysis.Results A total of 762 individuals were collected,including 481 men and 281 women,aged from 17 to 81(mean 60±10) years.The patients with CAD accounted for 55.5% of all participants,and controls 44.5%,respectively.Compared with the pattern in published data,our study showed that mean serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) level was significantly lower(P<0.001) and triglycerides was significantly higher(P<0.001),while total cholesterol(TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were comparative(both P>0.05).The prevalence of low HDL-C(<40 g/L) and hypertriglyceridemia(>150 g/L) were 27.2% and 41.4%,respectively.Mean serum levels of HDL-C and apolipoprotein A1 were significantly higher in female subjects than in male(P<0.001).Lower HDL-C functioned as an independent risk factor for CAD only in men(RR=2.8,95%CI:1.5-4.2,P<0.001),yet increased non-HDL cholesterol combined with diabetes mellitus and obesity seemed to play a key role in the development ofCAD in women.Similarity in risk association with CAD was found for hypertension and TC/HDL ratio in male and female subjects,while family history had no relationship with the presence of CAD.Conclusion It is remarkable that emphasis of intervention in future should be given on the prevalent low serum HDL-C and its strong risk correlation with the presence of CAD in male subjects of Chinese Han population.

Socio-economic disparity in visual impairment from cataract

AIM:To investigate the association of visual impairment from cataract with human development index(HDI)by years lived with disability(YLDs).METHODS:Published data on national age-standardized YLD rates caused by cataract and national HDIs in 2019 were obtained.Age-standardized YLD rates from 1990 to 2019 were analyzed to explore cataract burden among patients with different income levels.Age-standardized YLD rates in different HDI groups were compared by different degrees of visual impairment.Association between national age-standardized YLD rates and HDI in 2019 was analyzed.RESULTS:The age-standardized YLD rates of populations with visual impairment or blindness due to cataract declined from 1990 to 2019,especially among those with lower middle income.Multiple comparison tests revealed that countries with low HDI had significantly higher agestandardized YLD rates of blindness due to cataract than those with high and very high HDI(P<0.001).The agestandardized YLD rates of populations with blindness(β=-0.588,P<0.001),severe vision loss(β=-0.378,P<0.001),and moderate vision loss(β=-0.389,P<0.001)inversely correlated with HDI.CONCLUSION:Age-standardized YLD rates caused by cataract have declined since 1990.The burden of visual impairment due to cataract inversely correlate with national socioeconomic development and is more concentrated in countries with low HDI than those with high HDI,especially among the blind.These findings highlight the need to provide additional cataract services and cataract surgery coverage to developing countries to decrease the burden of avoidable blindness caused by cataract.

Rh(III)-catalyzed [5+1] spirocyclization to produce novel benzimidazole-incorporated spirosuccinimides

Transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions as very efficient and atom-economical approaches have been widely used to build up complex heterocyclic compounds.However,modification of 2-oxyl benzimidazole skeleton using maleimide compounds via C–H activation has remained unprecedented.Herein,we developed a rhodium(III)-catalyzed[5+1]cascade spiroannulation to construct diversified novel benzimidazole-incorporated spirosuccinimide derivatives from 2-oxyl benzimidazoles and maleimides.

针刺治疗卒中后抑郁机制的研究进展与展望

The articles on the pathogenesis of post-stroke depression(PSD)and the acupuncture treatment mechanism of PSD from January 2010 through to June 2020 were retrieved from China National knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Database,VIP China Science-Technology and National Social Sciences Database.In summary,the potential mechanism of acupuncture in treatment of PSD is explained from the following three aspects:acupuncture regulating monoamine neurotransmitters,acupuncture regulating neurotrophic factors and acupuncture regulating cytokines.The limitation and prospects of the current researches are also put forward so as to provide the references and to determine the research direction in the future.

基于两性离子的自修复准固态聚合物电解质

设计合成了一种以降冰片烯为骨架的基于两性离子的自修复聚合物电解质(SHPE).聚合物中含有聚乙二醇(PEO)和两性离子2种组分.其中PEO组分为聚合物提供良好的锂离子传输能力,而两性离子通过离子耦合作用实现自修复.通过调控两组分的比例,并混入锂盐和离子液体得到一系列SHPE,研究了不同组分对SHPE的电化学性能影响.电解质在室温下的电导率最高达到7.42×10^(−5)S·cm^(−1),该电解质切断后,在60℃下,10 h便可恢复91.4%的拉伸强度.将制备出的电解质组装成锂金属电池,在60℃下,以0.2 C的倍率进行充放电测试,其初始放电容量为133.7 mAh·g^(−1),在50圈循环之后,电池仍能保持124.3 mAh·g^(−1)的比容量.电解质在被切割破坏后组装的电池,经8 h的自修复后仍能正常运转,在50圈循环之后保持123.2 mAh·g^(−1)的比容量.

Trauma care construction under the guidance of county-level trauma centers

严重损伤在治疗有复杂状况，包含的多重机关，有限辅助考试，和困难的特征。大多数损伤病人被送到主要医院接受治疗。但是管理能容易导致的分开的纪律的传统的模式推迟了治疗，错过或冤枉诊断和高残疾，它在严重损伤病人引起高死亡。因此，如果主要医院，特别县级的医院(通常在一个县的行政区域以内的最高的综合医院) ，能建立一个科学、全面的损伤照顾系统，在这个区域的损伤营救的成功率能极大地被改进。在 2013 年 3 月 1 日，浙江省的 Tiantai 民族医院，中国建立了一个损伤照顾中心，它综合医院前和在里面医院损伤治疗过程，并且完成了好经济、社会的好处。到 2017 年 3 月 1 日为止， 1265 个严重损伤病人(损害严厉分数 > 16 ) 在这个损伤中心被对待。营救成功率到达了 95% ，推迟或错过的诊断率是不到 5% 。完全，有不稳定的 hemodynamics 的骨盆的破裂的 86 个严重盒子被对待，并且成功率是 92% 。在里面医院紧急情况营救反应时间是不到 3 ? 到外科的从明确的诊断的 min，和时间在 35 以内 ? min。

Antagonistic interaction between male-killing and cytoplasmic incompatibility induced by Cardinium and Wolbachia in the whitefly,Bemisia tabaci

Cardinium and Wolbachia are maternally inherited bacterial symbionts of arthropods that can manipulate host reproduction by increasing the fitness of infected females.Here,we report that Cardinium and Wolbachia coinfection induced male-killing and cytoplasmic incompatibility(CI)when they coexisted in a cryptic species of whitefly,Bemisia tabaci Asia II7.Cardinium and Wolbachia symbionts were either singly or simul-taneously localized in the bacteriocytes placed in the abdomen of B.tabaci nymphs and adults.Cardinium-Wolbachia coinfection induced male-killing and resulted in a higher female sex ratio in the intraspecific amphigenetic progeny of Asia II7 IcwH and IcwL lines;interestingly,male-illing induction was enhanced with increased Cardinium titer.Moreover,single infection of Wolbachia induced partial CI in the Asia II7 Iw line and resulted in reduced fecundity,higher embryonic mortality,and lower female sex ratio.The uninfected Asia II7 Iu line had significantly higher fecundity,lower embryonic and nymphal mortalities,and a lower level of CI than both the Wolbachia infected Asia II7 Iw line and the Cardinium--Wolbachia-coinfected Asia II7 IcwH line.Our findings indicate that Cardinium-Wolbachia coinfection induced male-killing,which may have had antag-onistic effects on Wolbachia-induced CI in the Asia II7 whiteflies.For the first time,our study revealed that B.tabaci Asia II7 reproduction is co-manipulated by Cardinium and Wolbachia endosymbionts.

Modulation of firing activity by endogenous GABA_A receptors in the globus pallidus of MPTP-treated parkinsonian mice

The globus pallidus in rodents,equivalent to the external segment of the globus pallidus in primates,plays an important role in movement regulation.Previous studies have shown abundant γ-aminobutyric acid（GABA）ergic innervation and GABAA receptors in the globus pallidus.In this study,we investigated the effects of endogenous GABAA receptors on the spontaneous firing activity of pallidal neurons in both normal and MPTP-treated mice using multi-barrel electrodes extracellular recordings in vivo.We found that in normal mice,pressure ejection of 0.1 mmol/L gabazine,a specific GABA A receptor antagonist,increased the spontaneous firing rate of globus pallidus neurons by 27.6 ± 5.6%.Furthermore,in MPTP mice（14 days after MPTP treatment）,0.1 mmol/L gabazine increased the firing rates by 51.0 ± 7.9%,significantly greater than in normal mice.These results suggest that endogenous GABAA receptors modulate the activity of globus pallidus neurons.The present findings may provide a rationale for investigations into the potential role of GABAA receptors in Parkinson’s disease.