Estimation of future water resources of Xiangjiang River Basin with VIC model under multiple climate scenarios

Variation trends of water resources in the Xiangjiang River Basin over the coming decades have been investigated using the variable infiltration capacity(VIC) model and 14 general circulation models'(GCMs') projections under the representative concentration pathway(RCP4.5) scenario. Results show that the Xiangjiang River Basin will probably experience temperature rises during the period from 2021 to2050, with precipitation decrease in the 2020 s and increase in the 2030 s. The VIC model performs well for monthly discharge simulations with better performance for hydrometric stations on the main stream of the Xiangjiang River than for tributary catchments. The simulated annual discharges are significantly correlated to the recorded annual discharges for all the eight selected target stations. The Xiangjiang River Basin may experience water shortages induced by climate change. Annual water resources of the Xiangjiang River Basin over the period from 2021 to 2050 are projected to decrease by 2.76% on average within the range from-7.81% to 7.40%. It is essential to consider the potential impact of climate change on water resources in future planning for sustainable utilization of water resources.

Enhancement of visual perception by combining transcranial electrical stimulation and visual perceptual training

The visual system remains highly malleable even after its maturity or impairment.Our visual function can be enhanced through many ways,such as transcranial electrical stimulation(tES)and visual perceptual learning(VPL).TES can change visual function rapidly,but its modulation effect is short-lived and unstable.By contrast,VPL can lead to a substantial and long-lasting improvement in visual function,but extensive training is typically required.Theoretically,visual function could be further improved in a shorter time frame by combining tES and VPL than by solely using tES or VPL.Vision enhancement by combining these two methods concurrently is both theoretically and practically significant.In this review,we firstly introduced the basic concept and possible mechanisms of VPL and tES;then we reviewed the current research progress of visual enhancement using the combination of two methods in both general and clinical population;finally,we discussed the limitations and future directions in this field.Our review provides a guide for future research and application of vision enhancement and restoration by combining VPL and tES.