Trend analysis of stroke risk research based on three-dimensional metrics

This study comprehensively analyzes the status,characteristics,focal points,and evolving trends of global research on“stroke risk analysis”over the past four years(2020–2023),aiming to provide insights for directing future research endeavors.By utilizing the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale,63 high-quality research papers were selected and subjected to a systematic literature review.In terms of research methods,stroke risk analysis research has evolved from clinical trials(e.g.,establishing control groups,using authoritative scales)towards statistical and data analysis methods(e.g.,decision tree analysis).Regarding research factors,early studies primarily focused on pathological factors associated with hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke,such as hypertension,hyperlipidemia,and diabetes.Recent research from the past two years indicates a shift towards emerging factors,including temperature conditions,air quality,and Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19).In terms of application domains,stroke research covers a broad range of fields but mainly focuses on exploring risk factors,interventions during diagnosis and treatment stages,and rehabilitation,with clinical diagnosis,treatment,and drug intervention studies being predominant.While the research landscape is becoming increasingly diversified and comprehensive,there remains a need for more comprehensive and in-depth studies on novel topics,as well as integrated applications of research methods,presenting ample opportunities for exploring dependent variables in future stroke.

Effect of liver transplantation with primary hyperoxaluria type 1:Five case reports and review of literature

BACKGROUND Primary hyperoxaluria type 1(PH1)is a rare autosomal recessive disease stemming from a deficiency in liver-specific alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase,resulting in increased endogenous oxalate deposition and end-stage renal disease.Organ transplantation is the only effective treatment.However,its approach and timing remain controversial.CASE SUMMARY We retrospectively analyzed 5 patients diagnosed with PH1 from the Liver Transplant Center of the Beijing Friendship Hospital from March 2017 to December 2020.Our cohort included 4 males and 1 female.The median age at onset was 4.0 years(range:1.0-5.0),age at diagnosis was 12.2 years(range:6.7-23.5),age at liver transplantation(LT)was 12.2 years(range:7.0-25.1),and the follow-up time was 26.3 mo(range:12.8-40.1).All patients had delayed diagnosis,and 3patients had progressed to end-stage renal disease by the time they were diagnosed.Two patients received preemptive LT;their estimated glomerular filtration rate was maintained at>120 mL/min/1.73 m2,indicating a better prognosis.Three patients received sequential liver and kidney transplantation.After transplantation,serum and urinary oxalate decreased,and liver function recovered.At the last follow-up,the estimated glomerular filtration rates of the latter 3 patients were 179,52 and 21 mL/min/1.73 m2.CONCLUSION Different transplantation strategies should be adopted for patients based on their renal function stage.Preemptive-LT offers a good therapeutic approach for PH1.

Increased endothelin receptor B and G protein coupled kinase-2 in the mesentery of portal hypertensive rats

AIM: To elucidate the mechanisms of mesenteric vasodilation in portal hypertension (PHT), with a focus on endothelin signaling. METHODS: PHT was induced in rats by common bile duct ligation (CBDL). Portal pressure (PP) was measured directly via catheters placed in the portal vein tract. The level of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the mesenteric circulation was determined by radioimmunoassay, and the expression of the endothelin A receptor (ETAR) and endothelin B receptor (ETBR) was assessed by immunofluorescence and Western blot. Additionally, expression of G protein coupled kinase-2 (GRK2) and β-arrestin 2, which influence endothelin receptor sensitivity, were also studied by Western blot. RESULTS: PP of CBDL rats increased significantly (11.89 ± 1.38 mmHg vs 16.34 ± 1.63 mmHg). ET-1 expression decreased in the mesenteric circulation 2 and 4 wk after CBDL. ET-1 levels in the systemic circulation of CBDL rats were increased at 2 wk and decreased at 4 wk. There was no change in ETAR expression in response to CBDL; however, increased expression of ETBR in the endothelial cells of mesenteric arterioles and capillaries was observed. In sham-operated rats, ETBR was mainly expressed in the CD31+ endothelial cells of the arterioles. With development of PHT, in addition to the endothelial cells, ETBR expression was noticeably detectable in the SMA+ smooth muscle cells of arterioles and in the CD31+ capillaries. Following CBDL, increased expression of GRK2 was also found in mesenteric tissue, though there was no change in the level of β-arrestin 2. CONCLUSION: Decreased levels of ET-1 and increased ETBR expression in the mesenteric circulation following CBDL in rats may underlie mesenteric vasodilation in individuals with PHT. Mechanistically, increased GRK2 expression may lead to desensitization of ETAR, as well as other vasoconstrictors, promoting this vasodilatory effect.

Paclitaxel-etoposide-carboplatin/cisplatin versus etoposidecarboplatin/cisplatin as first-line treatment for combined small-cell lung cancer: a retrospective analysis of 62 cases

Objective: To compare the efficacy and adverse effects of paclitaxel-etoposide-carboplatin/cisplatin(TEP/TCE) regimen with those of etoposide-carboplatin/cisplatin(EP/CE) regimen as first-line treatment for combined small-cell lung cancer(CSCLC).Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 62 CSCLC patients who were treated at Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital from July 2000 to April 2013 and administered with TEP/TCE regimen(n=19) or EP/CE regimen(n=43) as first-line CSCLC treatment. All patients received more than two cycles of chemotherapy, and the response was evaluated every two cycles. The primary endpoint was overall survival(OS), and the secondary endpoints were progression-free survival(PFS), objective response rate(ORR), disease control rate(DCR), and adverse effects. Results: ORR between the TEP/TCE and EP/CE groups showed a statistical difference(90% vs. 53%, P=0.033). Both groups failed to reach a statistical difference in DCR(100% vs. 86%, P=0.212). The median PFS and OS of the TEP/TCE group were slightly longer than those of the EP/CE group, although both groups failed to reach a statistical difference(10.5 vs. 8.9 months, P=0.484; 24.0 vs. 17.5 months, P=0.457). However, stratified analysis indicated that the PFS of patients with stages III and IV CSCLC showed marginally significant difference between the TEP/TCE and EP/CE groups(19.5 vs. 7.6 months; P=0.071). Both rates of grade IV bone marrow depression and termination of chemotherapy in the TEP/TCE group were significantly higher than those in the EP/CE group(26.3% vs. 7.0%, P=0.036; 31.6% vs. 14.7%, P=0.004). Conclusion: The TEP/TCE regimen may not be preferred for CSCLC, and this three-drug regimen requires further exploration and research. To date, the EP/CE regimen remains the standard treatment for CSCLC patients.

Glytan decreases portal pressure via mesentery vasoconstriction in portal hypertensive rats

AIM: To investigate the effects of Glytan on splanchnic hemodynamics and its reduction of portal pressure in portal hypertensive rats.

RIG-I,a novel DAMPs sensor for myoglobin,activates NF-κB/caspase-3 signaling in CS-AKI model

Background:Acute kidney injury(AKI)is the main life-threatening complication of crush syndrome(CS),and myoglobin is accepted as the main pathogenic factor.The pattern recognition receptor retinoicacid-inducible gene I(RIG-I)has been reported to exert anti-viral effects function in the innate immune response.However,it is not clear whether RIG-I plays a role in CS-AKI.The present research was carried out to explore the role of RIG-I in CS-AKI.Methods:Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups:the sham and CS groups(n=12).After administration of anesthesia,the double hind limbs of rats in the CS group were put under a pressure of 3 kg for 16 h to mimic crush conditions.The rats in both groups were denied access to food and water.Rats were sacrificed at 12 h or 36 h after pressure was relieved.The successful establishment of the CS-AKI model was confirmed by serum biochemical analysis and renal histological examination.In addition,RNA sequencing was performed on rat kidney tissue to identify molecular pathways involved in CS-AKI.Furthermore,NRK-52 E cells were treated with 200μmol/L ferrous myoglobin to mimic CS-AKI at the cellular level.The cells and cell supernatant samples were collected at 6 h or 24 h.Small interfering RNAs(siRNA)was used to knock down RIG-I expression.The relative expression levels of molecules involved in the RIG-I pathway in rat kidney or cells samples were measured by quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR),Western blotting analysis,and immunohistochemistry(IHC)staining.Tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)was d etected by ELISA.Co-immunoprecipitation(Co-IP)assays were used to detect the interaction between RIG-I and myoglobin.Results:RNA sequencing of CS-AKI rat kidney tissue revealed that the different expression of RIG-I signaling pathway.qPCR,Western blotting,and IHC assays showed that RIG-I,nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)P65,p-P65,and the a poptotic marker caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3 were up-regulated in the CS group(P<0.05).However,the levels of interferon regulatory factor 3(IRF3),p-IRF3 and the antiviral factor interferon-beta(IFN-β)showed no significant c hanges between the sham and CS groups.Co-IP assays showed the interaction between RIG-I and myoglobin in the kidneys of the CS group.Depletion of RIG-I could alleviate the myoglobin induced expression of apoptosis-associated molecules via the NF-κB/caspase-3 axis.C onclusions:RIG-I is a novel damage-associated molecular patterns(DAMPs)sensor for myoglobin and participates in the NF-κB/caspase-3 signaling pathway in CS-AKI.In the development of CS-AKI,specific intervention in the RIG-I p athway might be a potential therapeutic strategy for CS-AKI.

Microstructure and mechanical behavior of Ti/Cu/Ti laminated composites produced by corrugated and flat rolling

Ti/Cu/Ti laminated composites were fabricated by corrugated rolling(CR) and flat rolling(FR) method.Microstructure and mechanical properties of CR and FR laminated composites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, numerical simulation methods, peel and tensile examinations. The effect of CR and FR was comparatively analyzed. The results showed that the CR and FR laminated composites exhibited different effective plastic strain distributions of the Ti layer and Cu layer at the interface. The recrystallization texture, prismatic texture and pyramidal texture were developed in the Ti layer by CR, while the R-Goss texture and shear texture were developed in the Cu layer by CR. The typical deformation texture components were developed in the Ti layer and Cu layer of FR laminated composites. The CR laminated composites had higher bond strength, tensile strength and ductility.

Systematic review and Meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of dienogest in treatment of endometriosis

BACKGROUND The quality of life of women with endometriosis is substantially adversely affected by the pelvic pain caused by this disease.However,the choice of medication for endometriosis remains controversial,and no drug has been clearly proven to be superior to others.AIM To assess the efficacy and safety of dienogest,a synthetic progestin,in the treatment of women with painful symptoms of endometriosis.METHODS PubMed,EMBASE,the Cochrane Library,and the Web of Science databases were searched from their inceptions to January 21,2020 for randomized controlled trials(RCTs)that compared dienogest with other popular prescription drugs for the treatment of endometriosis.Two reviewers extracted the data.Mean difference(MD)values and risk ratios(RRs)with 95%confidence intervals(CIs)were calculated.RESULTS Ultimately,seven RCTs with a total of 1493 participants met the requirements for this review.Dienogest was found to more effective than placebo in alleviating endometriosis-related pain(MD=-32.93,95%CI:-44.63 to-21.23),but led to a more significant decline in plasma estradiol concentrations than placebo(MD=-44.7,95%CI:-62.24 to-24.69).Dienogest was superior to gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues(GnRH-a)in relieving pain(MD=-2.41,95%CI:-3.58 to-1.24).Moreover,compared with dienogest,GnRH-a were significantly more likely to lead to the loss of bone mineral density(MD=2.77,95%CI:0.16 to 5.37)and were significantly associated with a higher incidence of headaches(RR=0.68,95%CI:0.52 to 0.91)and hot flushes(RR=0.43,95%CI:0.18 to 1.02).CONCLUSION This meta-analysis demonstrated that dienogest may be a better pain-relief treatment for endometriosis patients,due to its high efficacy and tolerability.

Utilising network pharmacology and molecular dockingtoexplore the mechanism of Sangbaipi Decoction in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Objective To explore themechanism of Sangbaipi Decoction(SBPD)in the treatment of acute exacer-bation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD).Methods The active compounds of SBPD and targets of those active compounds were collectedfrom the TCMSP database.Then we built the AECOPD target database by OMIM,GeneCards,PharmGKB and DrugBank.The intersectional targets arethep-otentialtargets of SBPD in the treatment ofAECOPD.We built"Potential Active Compounds-Drug-AECOPDTargets"Network via Cytoscape software.Weconstruct the Protein-Protein Inter-action(PPI)network through STRING database.We analyze the PPI network and“Potential Active Compounds-Drug-AECOPD Targets”Network via CytoNCA,then we got the core targets and key active compounds of SBPDin the treatment ofAE-COPD.TheGeneOntology(GO)function enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment on the intersection targets were analyzed by R software.The key active compounds is molecularly docked with the core target protein receptors through AutoDock Vina soft-ware,and the 2D ligand-protein interaction diagramsare drawn through LigPlot 2.2 software.ResultsThere were 109 active compounds,205 targets of SBPD.2837 targetsrelated to AECOPD were picked out.157 intersectional targets were obtained from the two datas.We get 3 coretargets(TP53,JUN,VEGFA)and five key active compounds(quercetin,luteolin,kaempferol,wogonin,arachidonic acid)of SBPD.The GO function enrichment analysis showed that 2552 entries(P<0.05),of which there were 2261 biological processes(BP)items,and 84 related items of cell composition(CC),and 207 molecular function(MF)items.KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that 167 signaling path-ways(P<0.05),mainly including IL 17 signaling pathway,TNF signaling pathway,HIF-1 signaling pathway.The molecular dock-ing structure shows that the key active compounds of SBPD have good affinities with the core targets.ConclusionSBPD may treatAECOPD by anti-inflammatory,anti-oxidation,airway mucus secretion reduction,and pulmonary vascular remodeling reduction.