Self-accelerated optical activity in free space induced by the Gouy phase

Optical activity(OA)is the rotation of the polarization orientation of the linearly polarized light as it travels through certain materials that are of mirror asymmetry,including gases or solutions of chiral molecules such as sugars and proteins,as well as metamaterials.The necessary condition for achieving OA is the birefringence of two circular polarizations in material.Here,we propose a new kind of self-accelerated OA in free space,based on the intrinsic Gouy phase induced mode birefringence of two kinds of quasi-non-diffracting beams.We provide a detailed insight into this kind of self-accelerated OA by analyzing angular parameters,including angular direction,velocity,acceleration,and even the polarization transformation trajectory.As the Gouy phase exists for any wave,this kind of self-accelerated OA can be implemented in other waves beyond optics,from acoustic and elastic waves to matter waves.

MiR-743a-5p regulates differentiation of myoblast by targeting Mob1b in skeletal muscle development and regeneration

The microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in regulating myogenesis by targeting mRNA. However, the understanding of miRNAs in skeletal muscle development and diseases is unclear. In this study, we firstly performed the transcriptome profiling in differentiating C2C12 myoblast cells. Totally, we identified 187 miRNAs and 4260 mRNAs significantly differentially expressed that were involved in myoblast differentiation. We carried out validation of microarray data based on 5 mRNAs and 5 miRNAs differentially expressed and got a consistent result. Then we constructed and validated the significantly up- and down-regulated mRNA-miRNA interaction networks. Four interaction pairs (miR-145a-5p-Fscn1, miR-200c-5p-Tmigd1, miR-27a-5p-Sln and miR-743a-5p-Mob1b) with targeted relationships in differentiated myoblast cells were demonstrated. They are all closely related to myoblast development. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis indicated cell cycle signals important for exploring skeletal muscle development and disease. Functionally, we discovered that miR-743a targeting gene Mps One Binder Kinase Activator-Like 1B (Mob1b) gene in differentiated C2C12. The up-regulated miR-743a can promote the differentiation of C2C12 myoblast. While the down-regulated Mob1b plays a negative role in differentiation. In addition, the expression profile of miR-743a and Mob1b are consistent with skeletal muscle recovery after Cardiotoxin (CTX) injury. Our study revealed that miR-743a-5p regulates myoblast differentiation by targeting Mob1b involved in skeletal muscle development and regeneration. Our findings made a further exploration for mechanisms in myogenesis and might provide potential possible miRNA-based target therapies for skeletal muscle regeneration and disease in the near future.

Metasurface for oscillatory spin splitting along the optical path

Spin splitting of light originates from the interplay between the polarization and spatial degrees of freedom as a fundamental constituent of the emerging spin photonics,providing a prominent pathway for manipulating photon spin and developing exceptional photonic devices.However,previously relevant devices were mainly designed for routing monotonous spin splitting of light.Here,we realize an oscillatory spin splitting of light via metasurface with two channel Pancharatnam–Berry phases.For the incidence of a linearly polarized light,the concomitant phases arising from opposite spin states transition within pathways of the metasurface induce lateral spin splitting of light with alternately changed transport direction during beam guiding.We demonstrate the invariance of this phenomenon with an analogous gauge transformation.This work provides a new insight on steering the photon spin and is expected to explore a novel guiding mechanism of relativistic spinning particles,as well as applications of optical trapping and chirality sorting.