Seasonal variations in planktonic foraminiferal flux and the chemical properties of their shells in the southern South China Sea

Results from sediment trap experiments conducted in the southern South China Sea from May 2004 to March 2006 revealed significant monsoon-induced seasonal variations in flux and shell geochemistry of planktonic foraminifera. The total and species-specific fluxes showed bimodal pattern, such as those of Globigerinoides ruber, Globigerinoides sacculifer, Neoglobo-quadrina dutertrei, Globigerinita glutinata, and Globigerina bulloides. Their high values occurred in the prevailing periods of the northeast and southwest monsoons, and the low ones appeared between the monsoons. Pulleniatina obliquiloculata had high flux rates mainly during northeast monsoon, with exceptional appearance in August 2004. These fluxes changed largely in accord with those of total particle matter and organic carbon, following chlorophyll concentration and wind force. It is inferred that the biogenic particle fluxes are controlled essentially by primary productivity under the influence of East Asian monsoon in the southern SCS. Shell stable oxygen isotope and Mg/Ca data correspond with seasonal variation of sea surface temperature. Shell δ18O values are affected primarily by sea water temperature, and the δ18O changes of different-depth dwelling species indicate upper sea water temperature gradient. Besides, the low carbon isotope values occurred in the periods of East Asian monsoon in general, whereas the high ones between the monsoons. The pattern is in contrary to chlorophyll concentration change, which indicates that the variation of the carbon isotope could probably reflect the change of sea surface productivity.

Age estimation of the mid-Pleistocene microtektite event in the South China Sea: A case showing the complexity of the sea-land correlation

The present study confirms the stratigraphical position of microtektite layer being clearly located below the Brunhes/Matuyama (B/M) boundary. Based on the sedimentation rate derived from the stable isotopic and magnetic data of ODP Site 772A, cores 17957 and 17959 in the South China Sea, the age of the mid-Pleistocene impact event was estimated at 10-12 ka earlier than the Brunhes-Matuyama polarity reversal. However, the microtektites were found above the measured B/M boundary in the loess profile due to the downward deviation of the measured B/M boundary from its true position. This demonstrates the complexity of paleo-magnetic records in the loess profiles which, in turn, causes the confusion in the sea-land stratigraphic correlation.